Disubstituted octahydropyrrolo [3,4-C] pyrroles as orexin receptor modulators

ABSTRACT

Disubstituted octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole compounds are described, which are useful as orexin receptor modulators. Such compounds may be useful in pharmaceutical compositions and methods for the treatment of diseased states, disorders, and conditions mediated by orexin activity, such as insomnia.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application claims the benefit of International Application No. PCT/US2012/034372 filed Apr. 20, 2012 and U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/477,566, filed Apr. 20, 2011.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to certain disubstituted octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole compounds, pharmaceutical compositions containing them, methods of making them, and methods of using them for the modulation of the orexin receptor and for the treatment of disease states, disorders, and conditions mediated by orexin receptor activity.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Orexin (or hypocretin) signaling is mediated by two receptors and two peptide agonists. The two orexin peptides (orexin A and orexin B) herein after referred to as orexins, bind to two high affinity receptors, termed orexin-1 and orexin-2 receptors. The orexin-1 receptor is selective in favor of orexin A, while the orexin-2 receptor binds both orexins with similar affinities. The orexins, are cleavage products of the same gene, prepro orexin. In the central nervous system neurons expressing prepro-orexin, the precursor from which orexin is produced, are found in the periformical nucleus, the dorsal hypothalamus and the lateral hypothalamus (C. Peyron et al., J. Neurosci., 1998, 18(23), 9996-10015). Orexinergic cells in these nuclei project to many areas of the brain, extending rostrally to the olfactory bulbs and caudally to the spinal cord (van den Pol, A. N. et al., J. Neuroscience., 1999, 19(8), 3171-3182).

The broad CNS distribution of orexin projections and neurons expressing orexin receptors is suggestive of orexin involvement in a number of physiological functions including; feeding, drinking, arousal, stress, reward, metabolism and reproduction (T. Sakurai, Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 2007, 8(3), 171-181).

The targeted necrosis of cells expressing prepro-orexin suggests the most physiologically important roles of the orexins are likely to be effects on arousal, feeding and metabolism (J. Hara et al., Neuron, 2001, 30, 345-354). A prominent orexin neuronal projection via the vagus nerve probably mediates central orexin effects on cardiac parameters (W. K. Samson et al., Brain Res., 1999, 831, 248-253; T. Shirasaka et al., Am. J. Physiol., 1999, 277, R1780-R1785; C.-T. Chen et al., Am. J. Physiol., 2000, 278, R692-R697), gastric acid secretion and gastric motility (A. L. Kirchgessner and M.-T. Liu, Neuron, 1999, 24, 941-951; N. Takahashi et al., Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 1999, 254, 623-627).

Several lines of evidence indicate that the orexin system is an important modulator of arousal. Rodents administered orexins intracerebroventricularly spend more time awake (Piper et al., J. Neurosci. 2000, 12, 726-730). Orexin-mediated effects on arousal have been linked to orexin neuronal projections to histaminergic neurons in the tuberomammillary nucleus (TMN) (Yamanaka et al., Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm. 2002, 290, 1237-1245). TMN neurons express the orexin-2 receptor primarily, and the orexin-1 receptor to a lesser extent. Rodents whose prepro orexin gene has been knocked out, or whose orexigenic neurons have been lesioned, display altered sleep/wake cycles similar to narcolepsy (Chemelli et al., Cell 1999, 98, 437-451; Hara et al., 2001, supra). Dog models of narcolepsy have been shown to have mutant or non-functional orexin-2 receptors (Lin et al., Cell 1999, 98, 365-376). Human narcolepsy appears to be linked to deficient orexin signaling, likely related to immune ablation of orexinergic neurons in the lateral hypothalamus (Mignot et al., Am. J. Hum. Genet. 2001, 68: 686-699; Minot & Thorsby, New England J. Med. 2001, 344, 692), or, in rare cases, to mutations in the orexin-2 gene (Peyron et al., Nature Med. 2000, 6, 991-997). The disclosure that rats, dogs and humans treated with the dual orexin-1/2 receptor antagonist, ACT-078573 (Brisbare-Roch et al., Nature Medicine, 2007, 13, 150-155) exhibited decreased alertness together with characteristic clinical and EEG (electroencephalographic) signs of sleep provides evidence to support a role for the orexin system in the regulation of arousal, sleep and wake states. EEG data indicates that orexin-2 may be more important than orexin-1 in the modulation of sleep/wake (P. Malherbe et al., Molecular Pharmacology (2009) 76(3):618-31; C. Dugovic et al., J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 2009, 330(1), 142-151). Disorders of the sleep-wake cycle are therefore likely targets for orexin-2 receptor antagonist therapy. Examples of such disorders include sleep-wake transition disorders, insomnia, restless legs syndrome, jet-lag, disturbed sleep, and sleep disorders secondary to neurological disorders (e.g., manias, depressions, manic depression, schizophrenia, and pain syndromes (e.g., fibromyalgia, neuropathic pain).

The orexin system also interacts with brain dopamine systems. Intracerebroventricular injections of orexins in mice increase locomotor activity, grooming and stereotypy; these behavioral effects are reversed by administration of D₂ dopamine receptor antagonists (Nakamura et al., Brain Research, 873(1), 181-7). Therefore, orexin-2 modulators may be useful to treat various neurological disorders; e.g., agonists or up-regulators to treat catatonia, antagonists or down-regulators to treat Parkinson's disease, Tourette's syndrome, anxiety, delirium and dementias.

Recent evidence indicates a role for orexin in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (Kang et al, Science Express, 2009, 1-10). Brain interstitial fluid levels of amyloid-beta were demonstrated to fluctuate diurnally in both humans and rodents with sleep deprivation in rodents leading to significant increases in brain interstitial fluid levels of amyloid-beta. Infusion of a dual orexin antagonist in rodents suppressed interstitial levels of amyloid-beta and abolished the natural diurnal variation of amyloid-beta. The reduction of interstitial fluid amyloid-beta levels is correlated with reduced amyloid plaque formation, a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease, and consequently the regulation of sleep time could potentially inhibit amyloid-beta aggregation and slow the progression of Alzheimer's disease.

Orexin neurons project to many regions of the brain associated with reward function (T. Sakurai, supra) and research, focusing on animal models of drug intake, reward, and reinstatement, has expanded the link between the orexin system and addiction. A comprehensive set of data suggest that drugs of abuse activate the orexin system, which in turn enhances drug reward or drug seeking (G. Aston-Jones et al., Neuropharmacology, 2009, 56 (Suppl 1) 112-121. Thus interactions between nicotine (J. K. Kane et al., Endocrinology, 2000, 141(10), 3623-3629; J. K. Kane et al., Neurosci. Lett., 2001, 298(1), 1-4), morphine (D. Georgescu, et al., J. Neurosci., 2003, 23(8), 3106-3111) and amphetamine (C. J. Winrow et al., Neuropharmacology, 2010, 58(1), 185-94) and the orexin system have been demonstrated. Additional studies from a number of laboratories have demonstrated an important relationship between the Orexin system and ethanol consumption. As examples, ethanol consumption in an alcohol-preferring strain of rat was shown to up regulate Orexin mRNA in the lateral hypothalamus and that an Orexin-1 receptor antagonist reduced operant responding for ethanol (Lawrence, et. al., Br. J. Pharmacol., 2006, 148, 752-759). Treatment with an orexin-1 antagonist has also been shown to decrease operant responding for ethanol (Richards, et. al., Psychopharmacology, 2008, 199 (1), 109-117). Other studies have demonstrated increased Fos activation of orexin neurons following contextual reinstatement to ethanol seeking (Dayas, et. al., Biol. Psychiatry, 2008, 63 (2), 152-157 and Hamlin, et. al., Neuroscience, 2007, 146, 525-536). Studies have also shown increased ethanol consumption following Orexin infusion into the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus or in the lateral hypothalamus (Schneider, et. al., Alcohol. Clin. Exp. Res., 2007, 31(11), 1858-1865). These studies provide evidence that modulation of the Orexin system effects alcohol preference and therefore Orexin receptor antagonists are likely to be useful for the treatment of alcoholism.

Orexins and their receptors have been found in both the myenteric and submucosal plexus of the enteric nervous system, where orexins have been shown to increase motility in vitro (Kirchgessner & Liu, Neuron 1999, 24, 941-951) and to stimulate gastric acid secretion in vitro (Takahashi et al., Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm. 1999, 254, 623-627). Orexin mediated effects on the gut may be driven by a projection via the vagus nerve (van den Pol, 1999, supra), as vagotomy or atropine prevent the effect of an intracerebroventricular injection of orexin on gastric acid secretion (Takahashi et al., 1999, supra). Orexin receptor antagonists or other down-regulators of orexin receptor-mediated systems are therefore potential treatments for ulcers, irritable bowel syndrome, diarrhea and gastroesophageal reflux.

Body weight may also be affected by orexin-mediated regulation of appetite and metabolism (T. Sakurai et al., Cell, 1998, 92(4), 573-585; T. Sakurai, Reg. Pept., 1999, 85(1), 25-30). Some effects of orexin on metabolism and appetite may be mediated in the gut, where, as mentioned, orexins alter gastric motility and gastric acid secretion. Orexin receptor antagonists therefore are likely to be useful in treatment of overweight or obesity and conditions related to overweight or obesity, such as insulin resistance, type II diabetes, hyperlipidemia, gallstones, angina, hypertension, breathlessness, tachycardia, infertility, sleep apnea, back and joint pain, varicose veins and osteoarthritis. Conversely, orexin receptor agonists are likely to be useful in treatment of underweight and related conditions such as hypotension, bradycardia, amenorrhea and related infertility, and eating disorders such as anorexia and bulimia.

Intracerebroventricularly administered orexins have been shown to increase mean arterial pressure and heart rate in freely moving (awake) animals (Samson et al., Brain Res. 1999, 831, 248-253; Shirasaka et al., Am. J. Physiol. 1999, 277, R1780-R1785) and in urethane-anesthetized animals (Chen et al., Am. J. Physiol. 2000, 278, R692-R697), with similar results. Orexin receptor agonists may therefore be candidates for treatment of hypotension, bradycardia and heart failure related thereto, while orexin receptor antagonists may be useful for treatment of hypertension, tachycardia and other arrhythmias, angina pectoris and acute heart failure.

From the foregoing discussion, it can be seen that the identification of orexin receptor modulators, in one embodiment modulators of the orexin-2 receptor, will be of great advantage in the development of therapeutic agents for the treatment of a wide variety of disorders that are mediated through these receptor systems.

Citation of a reference herein shall not be construed as an admission that such reference is prior art to the present invention. All publications referred to herein are incorporated by reference in their entireties.

Various small-molecule orexin receptor modulators have been reported e.g., N-aroyl cyclic amine derivatives (International Publication No. WO2003002561, Jan. 9, 3003), ethylene diamine derivatives (International Publication No. WO2003051872, Jun. 26, 2003), sulfonylamino-acetic acid derivatives (International Publication No. WO2004033418, Apr. 22, 2004), N-aryl acetyl cyclic amine derivatives (International Publication No. WO2004041791, May 21, 2004), diazepan derivatives (International Publication No. WO2007126935, Nov. 8, 2007), amidoethylthioether derivatives (International Publication No. WO2007126934, Nov. 8, 2007), 2-substituted proline bis-amide derivatives (International Publication No. WO2008008551, Jan. 17, 2008), bridged diazepan derivatives (International Publication No. WO2008008517, Jan. 17, 2008), substituted diazepan derivatives (International Publication No. WO2008008518, Jan. 17, 2008; US20080132490, WO2009058238), oxo bridged diazepan derivatives (International Publication No. WO2008143856, Nov. 27, 2008), 1,2-diamido ethylene derivatives (International Publication No. WO2009022311, Feb. 19, 2009), heteroaryl derivatives (International Publication No. WO20090163485, Jun. 25, 2009), methyl substituted piperidinyl derivatives (International Publication No. WO2009124956, Oct. 15, 2009), N,N-disubstituted-1,4-diazepane derivatives (Cox et al, Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters, 2009, 19(11), 2997-3001), Orexin/Hypocretin receptor ligands (Boss, et al., Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 2009, 52(4), 891-903) 3,9-diazabicyclo[4.2.1]nonanes (Coleman et al, Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters, 2010, 20(14), 4201-4205), the dual orexin receptor antagonist, [(7R)-4-(5-Chloro-1,3-benzoxazol-2-yl)-7-methyl-1,4-diazepan-1-yl][5-methyl-2-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl]methanone, (Cox, et. al., Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 2010 53(14) 5320-5332), pyridazine carboxamide derivatives (International Publication No. WO2010051238), 2,5-disubstituted benzamide derivatives (International Publication No WO2010051237, May 6, 2010), isonicotinamides (International Publication No WO2010051236), heterocyclylbenzoylpiperazines derivatives (International Publication No WO201048012), substituted diazepane derivatives (International Publication No WO2010048017), substituted pyrrolidine derivatives (International Publication No WO2010048014), triazolylbenzoylpiperidine derivatives (International Publication No WO2010048010), triazolylbenzoylmorpholine derivatives (WO2010048013), conformationally restrained N,N disubstituted 1,4-diazapane derivatives (Coleman et al, Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters, 2010, 20(7), 2311-2315), tripyridyl carboxamide derivatives (International Publication No WO2010017260), imidazopyridylmethyl substituted piperidine derivatives (International Publication No WO2010072722), imidazopyrazine substituted piperidine derivatives (US2010160344, Jun. 24, 2010; US20100160345, Jun. 24, 2010; International Publication No WO2010060472, Jun. 3, 2010), N-{[(1R,4S,6R)-3-(2-pyridinylcarbonyl)-3-azabicyclo[4.1.0]hept-4-yl]methyl}-2-heteroarylamine derivatives (International Publication No WO2010063663), N-{[(1S,4S,6S)-3-(2-pyridinylcarbonyl)-3-azabicyclo[4.1.0]hept-4-yl]methyl}-2-heteroarylamine derivatives (International Publication No WO2010063662), imidazopyrimidine derivatives (International Publication No WO2010060471), and imidazopyrazine derivatives (International Publication No WO2010060470). There remains a need, however, for potent orexin receptor modulators with desirable pharmaceutical properties.

Substituted diaza-bicyclic compounds have been reported as active central nervous system agents (International Publication No. WO2001081347, Nov. 1, 2001; US2002/0019388, Feb. 14, 2002), α7 acetylcholine receptor modulators (US2005/101602, May 12, 2005; US2005/0065178, Mar. 24, 2005 and Frost et al, Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 2006, 49(26), 7843-7853), proline transporter inhibitors for the treatment of cognitive impairment (WO2008067121, Jun. 5, 2008) and for improving cognition (WO 2006 124897, Nov. 23, 2006 and US20060258672, Nov. 16, 2006), as androgen receptor ligands for the treatment of androgen receptor associated conditions including cancer (WO2009081197, Jul. 2, 2009), and as histone deacetylase inhibitors for the treatment of cancers, neurodegenerative diseases and autoimmune diseases (WO20060123121, Nov. 23, 2006).

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Certain disubstituted octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole derivatives have been found to have orexin-modulating activity. Thus, the invention is directed to the general and preferred embodiments defined, respectively, by the independent and dependent claims appended hereto, which are incorporated by reference herein.

In one general aspect, the invention is directed to a chemical entity of Formula (I):

wherein:

-   R¹ is a member selected from the group consisting of:     -   A) phenyl substituted or unsubstituted with one or two R^(a)         members, and substituted in the ortho position with R^(b);         -   R^(a) is independently selected from the group consisting             of: —H, halo, —C₁₋₄alkyl, —C₁₋₄alkoxy, and —NO₂, wherein two             adjacent R^(a) members may come together to form a six             membered aromatic ring;         -   R^(b) is a member selected from the group consisting of:             -   a) halo, —C₁₋₄alkoxy, —C₁₋₄alkyl, —CF₃, —OCF₃, or —CN;             -   b) 5-membered heteroaryl ring containing one oxygen or                 one sulfur members;             -   c) 5-6 membered heteroaryl ring containing one, two or                 three nitrogen members, optionally containing one oxygen                 member, substituted or unsubstituted with halo or                 —C₁₋₄alkyl; and             -   d) phenyl substituted or unsubstituted with halo, —CH₃,                 or —CF₃;     -   B) pyridine substituted or unsubstituted with one or two R^(c)         members and substituted with R^(d), wherein R^(d) is positioned         adjacent to the point of attachment by R¹;         -   R^(c) is C₁₋₄alkyl;         -   R^(d) is a member selected from the group consisting of:             -   a) 5-6 membered heteroaryl ring selected from the group                 consisting of: 1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl,                 2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl, 1H-pyrazol-5-yl,                 3-methyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl, pyridinyl,                 3-methyl-pyridin-2-yl;                 1-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)-1H-pyrazol-5-yl), phenyl,                 and pyrimidin-2-yl; and             -   b) —CF₃, —Br, and —C₁₋₄alkoxy;     -   C) 5-membered heteroaryl ring selected from the group consisting         of: 2-methyl-1,3-thiazol-yl, 1H-pyrazol-5-yl, oxazole,         isoxazolyl, thiophen-2-yl, and furan-2-yl, each substituted with         phenyl substituted or unsubstituted with —F; and     -   D) 5-13 membered aryl or heteroaryl ring selected from the group         consisting of: 3-methylfuran-2-yl, 9H-fluorene, quinoline,         cinnoline; 3-(1H-pyrrol-1-yl)thiophen-2-yl,         8-[1,2,3]-triazol-2-yl-naphthalen-1-yl,         2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-5-yl, 1H-indol-7-yl,         4-fluoronaphthalen-1-yl, and naphthalen-1-yl; -   R² is a member selected from the group consisting of:     -   A) 6-membered heteroaryl ring containing two nitrogen members         substituted with one or more members independently selected from         the group consisting of: halo, —C₁₋₄alkyl, —CD₃, -D,         —C₁₋₄alkoxy, cyclopropyl, morpholin-2-yl, —CO₂C₁₋₄alkyl, —CO₂H,         —CH₂OH, —C(O)N(C₁₋₄alkyl)₂, —CF₃, —CN, —OH, —NO₂,         —N(C₁₋₄alkyl)₂, phenyl, furan-2-yl, thiophen-2-yl,         1H-pyrazol-4-yl, and pyrrolidin-1-yl;     -   B) pyridine substituted with one or two members independently         selected from the group consisting of: halo, —C₁₋₄alkyl,         —C₁₋₄alkoxy, and —CF₃;     -   C) 9-membered heteroaryl ring selected from the group consisting         of: benzooxazol-2-yl, 6-fluoro-1,3-benzothiazole,         1,3-benzothiazole, 6-methoxy-1,3-benzothiazole,         6-methyl-1,3-benzothiazole, 6-chloro-benzothiazol-2-yl, and         4-methyl-6,7-dihydro-5H-cyclopenta[d]pyrimidine;     -   D) 10-membered heteroaryl ring selected from the group         consisting of: quinoxalin-2-yl, 3-methylquinoxalin-2-yl,         6,7-difluoroquinoxalin-2-yl, 3-(trifluoromethyl)quinoxaline,         quinoline, 4-methylquinoline, and 6-fluoroquinazolin-2-yl; and     -   E) 4-methyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl or 2-methylpyrimidin-4(3H)-one.

In another general aspect, the invention is directed to a chemical entity of Formula (II):

wherein

-   R³ is phenyl substituted or unsubstituted with a member     independently selected from the group consisting of: —C₁₋₄alkoxy,     and phenyl; and -   R⁴ is a member selected from the group consisting of     (5-trifluoromethyl)-pyridin-2-yl,     (5-trifluoromethyl)-pyrimidin-2-yl, 4,6-dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl, and     quinoxalin-2-yl.

Further embodiments are provided by pharmaceutically acceptable salts of compounds of Formula (I) or Formula (II), pharmaceutically acceptable prodrugs of compounds of Formula (I) or Formula (II), and pharmaceutically active metabolites of compounds of Formula (I) or Formula (II).

In certain embodiments, the compound of Formula (I) or Formula (II) is a compound selected from those species described or exemplified in the detailed description below.

In a further aspect, the invention relates to pharmaceutical compositions for treating a disease, disorder, or medical condition mediated by orexin receptor activity, comprising an effective amount of at least one chemical entity selected from compounds of Formula (I) or Formula (II), pharmaceutically acceptable salts of compounds of Formula (I) or Formula (II), pharmaceutically acceptable prodrugs of compounds of Formula (I) or Formula (II), and pharmaceutically active metabolites of Formula (I) or Formula (II).

Pharmaceutical compositions according to the invention may further comprise one or more pharmaceutically acceptable excipients.

In another aspect, the chemical embodiments of the present invention are useful as orexin receptor modulators. Thus, the invention is directed to a method for modulating orexin receptor activity, including when such receptor is in a subject, comprising exposing orexin receptor to an effective amount of at least one chemical entity selected from compounds of Formula (I) or Formula (II), pharmaceutically acceptable salts of compounds of Formula (I) or Formula (II), pharmaceutically acceptable prodrugs of compounds of Formula (I) or Formula (II), and pharmaceutically active metabolites of compounds of Formula (I) or Formula (II).

In another aspect, the invention is directed to a method of treating a subject suffering from or diagnosed with a disease, disorder, or medical condition mediated by orexin receptor activity, comprising administering to the subject in need of such treatment an effective amount of at least one chemical entity selected from compounds of Formula (I) or Formula (II), pharmaceutically acceptable salts of compounds of Formula (I) or Formula (II), pharmaceutically acceptable prodrugs of compounds of Formula (I) or Formula (II), and pharmaceutically active metabolites of compounds of Formula (I) or Formula (II). Additional embodiments of methods of treatment are set forth in the detailed description.

In another aspect, method of studying isotopically labeled compounds in metabolic studies (preferably with ¹⁴C), reaction kinetic studies (with, for example ²H or ³H), detection or imaging techniques [such as positron emission tomography (PET) or single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)] including drug or substrate tissue distribution assays, or in radioactive treatment of patients. For example, an ¹⁸F or ¹¹C labeled compound may be particularly preferred for PET or an I¹²³ for SPECT studies.

An object of the present invention is to overcome or ameliorate at least one of the disadvantages of the conventional methodologies and/or prior art, or to provide a useful alternative thereto. Additional embodiments, -features, and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the following detailed description and through practice of the invention.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a Powder X-Ray Diffraction of an exemplified compound X

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The invention may be more fully appreciated by reference to the following description, including the following glossary of terms and the concluding examples. For the sake of brevity, the disclosures of the publications, including patents, cited in this specification are herein incorporated by reference.

As used herein, the terms “including”, “containing” and “comprising” are used herein in their open, non-limiting sense.

The term “alkyl” refers to a straight- or branched-chain alkyl group having from 1 to 12 carbon atoms in the chain. Examples of alkyl groups include methyl (Me, which also may be structurally depicted by the symbol, “/”), ethyl (Et), n-propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl (tBu), pentyl, isopentyl, tert-pentyl, hexyl, isohexyl, and groups that in light of the ordinary skill in the art and the teachings provided herein would be considered equivalent to any one of the foregoing examples.

The term “alkoxy” includes a straight chain or branched alkyl group with a terminal oxygen linking the alkyl group to the rest of the molecule. Alkoxy includes methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, isopropoxy, butoxy, t-butoxy, pentoxy and so on. “Aminoalkyl”, “thioalkyl”, and “sulfonylalkyl” are analogous to alkoxy, replacing the terminal oxygen atom of alkoxy with, respectively, NH (or NR), S, and SO₂.

The term “cyano” refers to the group —CN.

The term “cycloalkyl” refers to a saturated or partially saturated, monocyclic, fused polycyclic, or spiro polycyclic carbocycle having from 3 to 12 ring atoms per carbocycle. Illustrative examples of cycloalkyl groups include the following entities, in the form of properly bonded moieties:

A “heterocycloalkyl” refers to a monocyclic ring structure that is saturated or partially saturated and has from 4 to 7 ring atoms per ring structure selected from carbon atoms and up to two heteroatoms selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur. The ring structure may optionally contain up to two oxo groups on sulfur ring members. Illustrative entities, in the form of properly bonded moieties, include:

The term “aryl” refers to a monocyclic, or fused or spiro polycyclic, aromatic carbocycle (ring structure having ring atoms that are all carbon) having from 3 to 12 ring atoms per ring. (Carbon atoms in aryl groups are sp² hybridized.) Illustrative examples of aryl groups include the following moieties:

and the like.

The term “heteroaryl” refers to a monocyclic, fused bicyclic, or fused polycyclic aromatic heterocycle (ring structure having ring atoms selected from carbon atoms and up to four heteroatoms selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur) having from 3 to 12 ring atoms per heterocycle. Illustrative examples of heteroaryl groups include the following entities, in the form of properly bonded moieties:

Those skilled in the art will recognize that the species of heteroaryl, cycloalkyl, aryl and heterocycloalkyl groups listed or illustrated above are not exhaustive, and that additional species within the scope of these defined terms may also be selected.

The term “halogen” represents chlorine, fluorine, bromine or iodine. The term “halo” represents chloro, fluoro, bromo or iodo.

The term “substituted” means that the specified group or moiety bears one or more substituents. The term “unsubstituted” means that the specified group bears no substituents. The term “optionally substituted” means that the specified group is unsubstituted or substituted by one or more substituents. Where the term “substituted” is used to describe a structural system, the substitution is meant to occur at any valency-allowed position on the system. In cases where a specified moiety or group is not expressly noted as being optionally substituted or substituted with any specified substituent, it is understood that such a moiety or group is intended to be unsubstituted.

The terms “para”, “meta”, and “ortho” have the meanings as understood in the art. Thus, for example, a fully substituted phenyl group has substituents at both “ortho” (o) positions adjacent to the point of attachment of the phenyl ring, both “meta” (m) positions, and the one “para” (p) position across from the point of attachment as illustrated below.

To provide a more concise description, some of the quantitative expressions given herein are not qualified with the term “about”. It is understood that, whether the term “about” is used explicitly or not, every quantity given herein is meant to refer to the actual given value, and it is also meant to refer to the approximation to such given value that would reasonably be inferred based on the ordinary skill in the art, including equivalents and approximations due to the experimental and/or measurement conditions for such given value. Whenever a yield is given as a percentage, such yield refers to a mass of the entity for which the yield is given with respect to the maximum amount of the same entity that could be obtained under the particular stoichiometric conditions. Concentrations that are given as percentages refer to mass ratios, unless indicated differently.

The terms “buffered” solution or “buffer” solution are used herein interchangeably according to their standard meaning. Buffered solutions are used to control the pH of a medium, and their choice, use, and function is known to those of ordinary skill in the art. See, for example, G. D. Considine, ed., Van Nostrand's Encyclopedia of Chemistry, p. 261, 5^(th) ed. (2005), describing, inter alia, buffer solutions and how the concentrations of the buffer constituents relate to the pH of the buffer. See also Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 84^(th) ed., pp. 8-37 to 8-44. For example, a buffered solution is obtained by adding MgSO₄ and NaHCO₃ to a solution in a 10:1 w/w ratio to maintain the pH of the solution at about 7.5.

Any formula given herein is intended to represent compounds having structures depicted by the structural formula as well as certain variations or forms. In particular, compounds of any formula given herein may have asymmetric centers and therefore exist in different enantiomeric forms. All optical isomers and stereoisomers of the compounds of the general formula, and mixtures thereof, are considered within the scope of the formula. Thus, any formula given herein is intended to represent a racemate, one or more enantiomeric forms, one or more diastereomeric forms, one or more atropisomeric forms, and mixtures thereof. Furthermore, certain structures may exist as geometric isomers (i.e., cis and trans isomers), as tautomers, or as atropisomers.

The symbols

and

are used as meaning the same spatial arrangement in chemical structures shown herein. Analogously, the symbols

and

are used as meaning the same spatial arrangement in chemical structures shown herein.

Additionally, any formula given herein is intended to refer also to hydrates, solvates, and polymorphs of such compounds, and mixtures thereof, even if such forms are not listed explicitly. Certain compounds of Formula (I) or Formula (II) or pharmaceutically acceptable salts of compounds of Formula (I) or Formula (II) may be obtained as solvates. Solvates include those formed from the interaction or complexation of compounds of the invention with one or more solvents, either in solution or as a solid or crystalline form. In some embodiments, the solvent is water and then the solvates are hydrates. In addition, certain crystalline forms of compounds of Formula (I) or Formula (II) or pharmaceutically acceptable salts of compounds of Formula (I) or Formula (II) may be obtained as co-crystals. In certain embodiments of the invention, compounds of Formula (I) or Formula (II) were obtained in a crystalline form. In other embodiments, crystalline forms of compounds of Formula (I) or Formula (II) were cubic in nature. In other embodiments, pharmaceutically acceptable salts of compounds of Formula (I) or Formula (II) were obtained in a crystalline form. In still other embodiments, compounds of Formula (I) or Formula (II) were obtained in one of several polymorphic forms, as a mixture of crystalline forms, as a polymorphic form, or as an amorphous form. In other embodiments, compounds of Formula (I) or Formula (II) convert in solution between one or more crystalline forms and/or polymorphic forms.

Reference to a chemical entity herein stands for a reference to any one of: (a) the actually recited form of such chemical entity, and (b) any of the forms of such chemical entity in the medium in which the compound is being considered when named. For example, reference herein to a compound such as R—COOH, encompasses reference to any one of, for example, R—COOH_((s)), R—COOH_((sol)), and R—COO⁻ _((sol)). In this example, R—COOH_((s)) refers to the solid compound, as it could be for example in a tablet or some other solid pharmaceutical composition or preparation; R—COOH_((sol)) refers to the undissociated form of the compound in a solvent; and R—COO⁻ _((sol)) refers to the dissociated form of the compound in a solvent, such as the dissociated form of the compound in an aqueous environment, whether such dissociated form derives from R—COOH, from a salt thereof, or from any other entity that yields R—COO⁻ upon dissociation in the medium being considered. In another example, an expression such as “exposing an entity to compound of formula R—COOH” refers to the exposure of such entity to the form, or forms, of the compound R—COOH that exists, or exist, in the medium in which such exposure takes place. In still another example, an expression such as “reacting an entity with a compound of formula R—COOH” refers to the reacting of (a) such entity in the chemically relevant form, or forms, of such entity that exists, or exist, in the medium in which such reacting takes place, with (b) the chemically relevant form, or forms, of the compound R—COOH that exists, or exist, in the medium in which such reacting takes place. In this regard, if such entity is for example in an aqueous environment, it is understood that the compound R—COOH is in such same medium, and therefore the entity is being exposed to species such as R—COOH_((aq)) and/or R—COO⁻ _((aq)), where the subscript “(aq)” stands for “aqueous” according to its conventional meaning in chemistry and biochemistry. A carboxylic acid functional group has been chosen in these nomenclature examples; this choice is not intended, however, as a limitation but it is merely an illustration. It is understood that analogous examples can be provided in terms of other functional groups, including but not limited to hydroxyl, basic nitrogen members, such as those in amines, and any other group that interacts or transforms according to known manners in the medium that contains the compound. Such interactions and transformations include, but are not limited to, dissociation, association, tautomerism, solvolysis, including hydrolysis, solvation, including hydration, protonation, and deprotonation. No further examples in this regard are provided herein because these interactions and transformations in a given medium are known by any one of ordinary skill in the art.

In another example, a zwitterionic compound is encompassed herein by referring to a compound that is known to form a zwitterion, even if it is not explicitly named in its zwitterionic form. Terms such as zwitterion, zwitterions, and their synonyms zwitterionic compound(s) are standard IUPAC-endorsed names that are well known and part of standard sets of defined scientific names. In this regard, the name zwitterion is assigned the name identification CHEBI:27369 by the Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI) dictionary of molecular entities. As generally well known, a zwitterion or zwitterionic compound is a neutral compound that has formal unit charges of opposite sign. Sometimes these compounds are referred to by the term “inner salts”. Other sources refer to these compounds as “dipolar ions”, although the latter term is regarded by still other sources as a misnomer. As a specific example, aminoethanoic acid (the amino acid glycine) has the formula H₂NCH₂COOH, and it exists in some media (in this case in neutral media) in the form of the zwitterion ⁺H₃NCH₂COO⁻. Zwitterions, zwitterionic compounds, inner salts and dipolar ions in the known and well established meanings of these terms are within the scope of this invention, as would in any case be so appreciated by those of ordinary skill in the art. Because there is no need to name each and every embodiment that would be recognized by those of ordinary skill in the art, no structures of the zwitterionic compounds that are associated with the compounds of this invention are given explicitly herein. They are, however, part of the embodiments of this invention. No further examples in this regard are provided herein because the interactions and transformations in a given medium that lead to the various forms of a given compound are known by any one of ordinary skill in the art.

Any formula given herein is also intended to represent unlabeled forms as well as isotopically labeled forms of the compounds. Isotopically labeled compounds have structures depicted by the formulas given herein except that one or more atoms are replaced by an atom having a selected atomic mass or mass number. Examples of isotopes that can be incorporated into compounds of the invention include isotopes of hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, fluorine, and chlorine, such as ²H, ³H, ¹¹C, ¹³C, ¹⁴C, ¹⁵N, ¹⁸O, ¹⁷O, ³¹P, ³²P, ³⁵S, ¹⁸F, ³⁶Cl, ¹²⁵I, respectively. Such isotopically labeled compounds are useful in metabolic studies (preferably with ¹⁴C), reaction kinetic studies (with, for example ²H or ³H), detection or imaging techniques [such as positron emission tomography (PET) or single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)] including drug or substrate tissue distribution assays, or in radioactive treatment of patients. In particular, an ¹⁸F or ¹¹C labeled compound may be particularly preferred for PET or an I¹²³ for SPECT studies. Further, substitution with heavier isotopes such as deuterium (i.e., ²H) may afford certain therapeutic advantages resulting from greater metabolic stability, for example increased in vivo half-life or reduced dosage requirements. Isotopically labeled compounds of this invention and prodrugs thereof can generally be prepared by carrying out the procedures disclosed in the schemes or in the examples and preparations described below by substituting a readily available isotopically labeled reagent for a non-isotopically labeled reagent.

When referring to any formula given herein, the selection of a particular moiety from a list of possible species for a specified variable is not intended to define the same choice of the species for the variable appearing elsewhere. In other words, where a variable appears more than once, the choice of the species from a specified list is independent of the choice of the species for the same variable elsewhere in the formula, unless stated otherwise.

By way of a first example on substituent terminology, if substituent S¹ _(example) is one of S₁ and S₂, and substituent S² _(example) is one of S₃ and S₄, then these assignments refer to embodiments of this invention given according to the choices S¹ _(example) is S₁ and S² _(example) is S₃; S¹ _(example) is S₁ and S² _(example) is S₄; S¹ _(example) is S₂ and S² _(example) is S₃; S¹ _(example) is S₂ and S² _(example) is S₄; and equivalents of each one of such choices. The shorter terminology “S¹ _(example) is one of S₁ and S₂, and S² _(example) is one of S₃ and S₄” is accordingly used herein for the sake of brevity, but not by way of limitation. The foregoing first example on substituent terminology, which is stated in generic terms, is meant to illustrate the various substituent assignments described herein. The foregoing convention given herein for substituents extends, when applicable, to members such as R¹, R², R³, R⁴, A, R^(a), R^(b), R^(c), R^(d), R^(e), R^(f), R^(g), R^(h), R^(i), R^(j), and R^(k), and any other generic substituent symbol used herein.

Furthermore, when more than one assignment is given for any member or substituent, embodiments of this invention comprise the various groupings that can be made from the listed assignments, taken independently, and equivalents thereof. By way of a second example on substituent terminology, if it is herein described that substituent S_(example) is one of S₁, S₂, and S₃, this listing refers to embodiments of this invention for which S_(example) is S₁; S_(example) is S₂; S_(example) is S₃; S_(example) is one of S₁ and S₂; S_(example) is one of S₁ and S₃; S_(example) is one of S₂ and S₃; S_(example) is one of S₁, S₂ and S₃; and S_(example) is any equivalent of each one of these choices. The shorter terminology “S_(example) is one of S₁, S₂, and S₃” is accordingly used herein for the sake of brevity, but not by way of limitation. The foregoing second example on substituent terminology, which is stated in generic terms, is meant to illustrate the various substituent assignments described herein. The foregoing convention given herein for substituents extends, when applicable, to members such as R¹, R², R³, R⁴, A, R^(a), R^(h), R^(c), R^(d), R^(e), R^(f), R^(g), R^(h), R^(i), R^(j), and R^(k), and any other generic substituent symbol used herein.

The nomenclature “C_(i-j)” with j>i, when applied herein to a class of substituents, is meant to refer to embodiments of this invention for which each and every one of the number of carbon members, from i to j including i and j, is independently realized. By way of example, the term C₁₋₃ refers independently to embodiments that have one carbon member (C₁), embodiments that have two carbon members (C₂), and embodiments that have three carbon members (C₃).

The term C_(n-m)alkyl refers to an aliphatic chain, whether straight or branched, with a total number N of carbon members in the chain that satisfies n≦N≦m, with m>n. Any disubstituent referred to herein is meant to encompass the various attachment possibilities when more than one of such possibilities are allowed. For example, reference to disubstituent A-B-, where A≠B, refers herein to such disubstituent with A attached to a first substituted member and B attached to a second substituted member, and it also refers to such disubstituent with A attached to the second substituted member and B attached to the first substituted member.

According to the foregoing interpretive considerations on assignments and nomenclature, it is understood that explicit reference herein to a set implies, where chemically meaningful and unless indicated otherwise, independent reference to embodiments of such set, and reference to each and every one of the possible embodiments of subsets of the set referred to explicitly.

Some embodiments are given by compounds of Formula (I) where R¹ is phenyl substituted with R^(a), where R^(a) is —F, —I, —Cl, —OCH₃, —OCH₂CH₃, —CH₃, —CH(CH₃)₂, —C(CH₃)₃ or —NO₂.

In some of these embodiments, R¹ is substituted phenyl wherein R^(b) is a —Br, —F, —I, —C₁₋₄alkyl, —OCH₃, —OCH₂CH₃, —CN, —CF₃, or —OCF₃.

In some of these embodiments, R¹ is phenyl substituted with R^(a), wherein R^(a) is —H, —F, —Cl, —CH₃, —C(CH₃)₃, —OCH₃, or —OCH₂CH₃, and R^(b) is —Br, —F, —I, —C₁₋₄alkyl, —OCH₃, —OCH₂CH₃, —CN, —CF₃, or —OCF₃.

In some of these embodiments, R¹ is substituted phenyl where R^(b) is 2-thiophen-2-yl or 2-furan-2-yl.

In some of these embodiments, R¹ is substituted phenyl where R^(b) is phenyl, 3-chlorophenyl, 4-fluorophenyl, 3-fluorophenyl, 4-methylphenyl, or 4-trifluoromethylphenyl.

In some of these embodiments, R¹ is substituted phenyl where R^(b) is 1H-pyrrol-1-yl, 1H-pyrazol-1-yl, 1H-pyrazol-5-yl, 1H-imidazol-2-yl, 1-methyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl, 1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl, 2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl, 2H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl, 1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-yl, 2H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl, 2H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl, 4H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl, 4H-1,2,4-triazol-4-yl, 1-methyl-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl, 1-methyl-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-yl or 1-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)-1H-pyrazol-5-yl.

In some of these embodiments, R¹ is substituted phenyl, where R^(b) is pyridin-2-yl, 3-chloropyridin-2-yl, 3-fluoropyridin-2-yl, 3-methylpyridin-2-yl, 4-methylpyridin-2-yl, 5-methylpyridin-2-yl, 6-methylpyridin-2-yl, 2-pyridin-3-yl, or 2-pyrimidin-2-yl.

In some of these embodiments, R¹ is substituted phenyl, where R^(b) is 3-methyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl or oxazol-2-yl.

In some of these embodiments, R¹ is phenyl substituted with R^(a), where R^(a) is halo, —C₁₋₄alkyl, or —C₁₋₄alkoxy, and R^(b) is triazole or pyrimidine substituted or unsubstituted with halo or —C₁₋₄alkyl.

In some of these embodiments, R¹ is (1-methylethyl)-2-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl, 2-(1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)phenyl, 2-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl, 2-fluoro-6-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl, 2-methyl-6-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl, 3-fluoro-2-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl, 3-fluoro-2-(1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)phenyl, 3-methoxy-2-(1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)phenyl, 3-methoxy-2-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl, 3-methyl-2-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl, 3-methyl-2-(1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)phenyl, 4-fluoro-2-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl, 4-methoxy-2-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl, 4-methoxy-2-(1H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl, 4,5-dimethoxy-2-[1,2,3]triazol-1-yl-phenyl, 4,5-dimethoxy-2-[1,2,3]triazol-2-yl-phenyl, 5-[1,2,3]triazol-2-yl-benzo[1,3]dioxol-4-yl, 5-chloro-2-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl, 5-fluoro-2-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl, 5-iodo-2-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl, 5-methoxy-2-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl, 5-methyl-2-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl, 1-[1,2,3]triazol-2-yl-naphthalen-2-yl, 2-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)phenyl, 2-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-yl)phenyl, 2-(1-methyl-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-yl)phenyl, 2-(1-methyl-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl, 2-(4H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl, 2-(4H-1,2,4-triazol-4-yl)phenyl, 2-(3-methyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)phenyl, 3-fluoro-2-(3-methyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)phenyl, 2-fluoro-6-(3-methyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)phenyl, 4,5-difluoro-2-(4H-1,2,4-triazol-4-yl)phenyl), 2-fluoro-6-pyrimidin-2-ylphenyl, 2-(pyrimidin-2-yl)pyridin-3-yl, 3-fluoro-2-pyrimidin-2-ylphenyl, 4-fluoro-2-(pyrimidin-2-yl)phenyl, 4-methoxy-2-(pyrimidin-2-yl)phenyl, 5-fluoro-2-pyrimidin-2-ylphenyl, or 5-methyl-2-pyrimidin-2-ylphenyl.

Some embodiments are given by compounds of Formula (I) where R¹ is substituted pyridine, where R^(d) is —CF₃, —Br, or —OCH₂CH₂CH₃.

In some of these embodiments, wherein R¹ is substituted pyridine, R^(d) is 1H-pyrazol-5-yl, 2H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl, 2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl, 4H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl, 1-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)-1H-pyrazol-5-yl, 3-methylpyridin-2-yl, or 3-methyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl.

In some of these embodiments, wherein R¹ is substituted pyridine, R^(d) is 1H-pyrazol-5-yl, 2H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl, or 2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl.

In some of these embodiments, wherein R¹ is 1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl, 3-phenylthiophen-2-yl, 3-phenylfuran-2-yl, 5-phenyl-1,3-oxazol-4-yl, 5-phenylisoxazol-4-yl, 5-(2-fluorophenyl)-2-methyl-1,3-thiazol-4-yl, 2-methyl-5-phenyl-thiazol-4-yl, or 5-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-methyl-1,3-thiazol-4-yl.

Some embodiments are given by compounds of Formula (I), where R¹ is 3-methylfuran-2-yl, 9H-fluorene, quinoline, cinnoline; 3-(1H-pyrrol-1-yl)thiophen-2-yl, 8-[1,2,3]-triazol-2-yl-naphthalen-1-yl, 2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-5-yl, 1H-indol-7-yl, 4-fluoronaphthalen-1-yl, and naphthalen-1-yl and R² is selected from the group consisting of 4,6-dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl, 4-phenyl-pyrimidin-2-yl, quinoxaline, or 4-methoxypyrimidin-2-yl.

Some embodiments are given by compounds of Formula (I), where R² is pyrimidine substituted with —F, —Cl, -D, —CD₃, —CH₃, ethyl, isopropyl, propyl, tert-butyl, —CF₃, —OCH₃, —N(CH₃)₂, —CN, —OH, —CH₂OH, —NO₂, —CO₂CH₃, —CO₂H, —C(O)N(CH₃)₂, phenyl, furan-2-yl, thiophen-2-yl, 1H-pyrazol-4-yl, cyclopropyl, pyrrolidin-1-yl, or morpholin-4-yl.

In some of these embodiments, R² is 4,6-dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl, 4,5-dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl, 4,6-dimethoxypyrimidin-2-yl, 4-phenyl-pyrimidin-2-yl, 4-furan-2-ylpyrimidin-2-yl, 4-methylpyrimidin-2-yl, 4-methoxypyrimidin-2-yl, 4-thiophen-2-ylpyrimidin-2-yl, N,N,6-trimethyl-pyrimidin-4-amine, 4-(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidin-2-yl, 4,5,6-trimethylpyrimidin-2-yl, 4-(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidine-5-carboxylate, 4-(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidine-5-carboxylic acid, 5-nitro-pyrimidin-2-yl, 6-methylpyrimidine-4-carboxylic acid, N,N-dimethyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidine-5-carboxamide, N,N,6-trimethylpyrimidine-carboxamide, 6-methylpyrimidine-4-carbonitrile, 4,6-bis(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidin-2-yl, 6-methyl-pyrimidin-4-ol, 4-(furan-2-yl)-6-methylpyrimidin-2-yl, 5-fluoro-4-methylpyrimidin-2-yl, 5-fluoropyrimidin-2-yl, 4-methoxy-6-methylpyrimidin-2-yl, 4-ethyl-6-methylpyrimidin-2-yl, 4-isopropyl-6-methylpyrimidin-2-yl, 4-tertbutyl-6-methylpyrimidin-2-yl, 4-cyclopropyl-6-methylpyrimidin-2-yl, 4-methyl-6-morpholin-4-ylpyrimidin-2-yl, 5-chloro-4-methylpyrimidin-2-yl, 5-chloro-4,6-dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl, 5-fluoro-4,6-dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl, 5-trifluoromethylpyrimidin-2-yl, 4,6-bis[(²H3)methyl](²H)pyrimidin-2-yl, or 5-ethyl-4,6-dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl.

In some of these embodiments, R² is pyrimidine substituted with one or more —Cl, —F, —CH₃, —CF₃, —N(CH₃)₂, -D, or —CD₃.

In some of these embodiments, R² is 4,6-dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl, 4,5-dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl, 4,6-dimethoxypyrimidin-2-yl, 4-methylpyrimidin-2-yl, 4-methoxypyrimidin-2-yl, N,N,6-trimethyl-pyrimidin-4-amine, 4-(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidin-2-yl, 4,5,6-trimethylpyrimidin-2-yl, 4,6-bis(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidin-2-yl, 6-methyl-pyrimidin-4-ol, 5-fluoro-4-methylpyrimidin-2-yl, 5-fluoropyrimidin-2-yl, 4-methoxy-6-methylpyrimidin-2-yl, 5-chloro-4-methylpyrimidin-2-yl, 5-chloro-4,6-dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl, 5-fluoro-4,6-dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl, 5-trifluoromethylpyrimidin-2-yl, or 4,6-bis[(²H3)methyl](²H)pyrimidin-2-yl.

Some embodiments are given by compounds of Formula (I) where R² is pyrazine or triazine substituted with one or more —CH₃.

Some embodiments are given by compounds of Formula (I) where R² is pyridine substituted with one or more —F, —OCH₃, —OCH₂CH₃, —CH₃, or —CF₃.

In some of these embodiments, R² is benzooxazol-2-yl, 2-methylpyrimidin-4(3H)-one and 4-methyl-6,7-dihydro-5H-cyclopenta[d]pyrimidine and R¹ is phenyl, substituted in the ortho position with R^(b), where R^(b) is 2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl, 2H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl, 3-methyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl or 2-pyrimidin-2-yl.

Some embodiments are given by compounds of Formula (I) where R² is quinoxalin-2-yl, 3-methylquinoxalin-2-yl, 6,7-difluoroquinoxalin-2-yl, 3-(trifluoromethyl)quinoxaline, 4-methylquinoline, or 6-fluoroquinazolin-2-yl and R¹ is phenyl substituted in the ortho position with R^(b), where R^(b) is 2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl, 2H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl, 3-methyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl or 2-pyrimidin-2-yl.

Some embodiments are given by compounds of Formula (II) where R³ is biphenyl or 2-methoxyphenyl and R⁴ is (5-trifluoromethyl)-pyridin-2-yl, (5-trifluoromethyl)-pyrimidin-2-yl, 4,6-dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl, or quinoxalin-2-yl.

Some embodiments are given by compounds of Formula (I) wherein R¹ is 2-(1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)phenyl, 2-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl, 2-fluoro-6-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl, 2-methyl-6-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl, 3-fluoro-2-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl, 3-fluoro-2-(1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)phenyl, 3-methoxy-2-(1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)phenyl, 3-methoxy-2-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl, 3-methyl-2-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl, 3-methyl-2-(1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)phenyl, 4-fluoro-2-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl, 4-methoxy-2-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl, 4-methoxy-2-(1H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl, 4,5-dimethoxy-2-[1,2,3]triazol-1-yl-phenyl, 4,5-dimethoxy-2-[1,2,3]triazol-2-yl-phenyl, 5-chloro-2-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl, 5-fluoro-2-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl, 5-methoxy-2-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl, 5-methyl-2-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl, 2-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)phenyl, 2-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-yl)phenyl, 2-(1-methyl-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-yl)phenyl, 2-(1-methyl-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl, 2-(4H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl, 2-(4H-1,2,4-triazol-4-yl)phenyl, 2-(3-methyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)phenyl, 3-fluoro-2-(3-methyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)phenyl, 2-fluoro-6-(3-methyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)phenyl, 4,5-difluoro-2-(4H-1,2,4-triazol-4-yl)phenyl), 2-fluoro-6-pyrimidin-2-ylphenyl, 2-(pyrimidin-2-yl)pyridin-3-yl, 3-fluoro-2-pyrimidin-2-ylphenyl, 4-fluoro-2-(pyrimidin-2-yl)phenyl, 4-methoxy-2-(pyrimidin-2-yl)phenyl, 5-fluoro-2-pyrimidin-2-ylphenyl, or 5-methyl-2-pyrimidin-2-ylphenyl and R² is 4,6-dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl, 4,5-dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl, 4,6-dimethoxypyrimidin-2-yl, 4-methylpyrimidin-2-yl, 4-methoxypyrimidin-2-yl, N,N,6-trimethyl-pyrimidin-4-amine, 4-(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidin-2-yl, 4,5,6-trimethylpyrimidin-2-yl, 4,6-bis(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidin-2-yl, 6-methyl-pyrimidin-4-ol, 5-fluoro-4-methylpyrimidin-2-yl, 5-fluoropyrimidin-2-yl, 4-methoxy-6-methylpyrimidin-2-yl, 5-chloro-4-methylpyrimidin-2-yl, 5-chloro-4,6-dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl, 5-fluoro-4,6-dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl, 5-trifluoromethylpyrimidin-2-yl, or 4,6-bis[(²H3)methyl](²H)pyrimidin-2-yl.

Some embodiments are given by compounds of Formula (I) wherein R¹ is 3-fluoro-2-(3-methyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)phenyl, 6-fluoro-2-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl, 4-methoxy-2-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl, or 3-[1,2,3]triazol-2-yl-pyridin-2-yl and R² is 4,6-dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl, 5-fluoro-4,6-dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl, or 5-fluoro-4-methylpyrimidin-2-yl.

Compounds of Formula (I) and Formula (II) and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof are used, alone or in combination with one or more additional active ingredients, to formulate pharmaceutical compositions. A pharmaceutical composition therefore comprises an effective amount of at least one a compound of Formula (I) and Formula (II) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

The invention includes also pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the compounds of Formula (I) and Formula (II), preferably of those described above and of the specific compounds exemplified herein, and methods of treatment using such salts.

A “pharmaceutically acceptable salt” is intended to mean a salt of a free acid or base of a compound represented by Formula (I) and Formula (II), that is non-toxic, biologically tolerable, or otherwise biologically suitable for administration to the subject. See, generally, G. S. Paulekuhn, et al., “Trends in Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient Salt Selection based on Analysis of the Orange Book Database”, J. Med. Chem., 2007, 50:6665-72, S. M. Berge, et al., “Pharmaceutical Salts”, J Pharm Sci., 1977, 66:1-19, and Handbook of Pharmaceutical Salts, Properties, Selection, and Use, Stahl and Wermuth, Eds., Wiley-VCH and VHCA, Zurich, 2002. Examples of pharmaceutically acceptable salts are those that are pharmacologically effective and suitable for contact with the tissues of patients without undue toxicity, irritation, or allergic response. A compound of Formula (I) and Formula (II) may possess a sufficiently acidic group, a sufficiently basic group, or both types of functional groups, and accordingly react with a number of inorganic or organic bases, and inorganic and organic acids, to form a pharmaceutically acceptable salt.

Examples of pharmaceutically acceptable salts include sulfates, pyrosulfates, bisulfates, sulfites, bisulfites, phosphates, monohydrogen-phosphates, dihydrogenphosphates, metaphosphates, pyrophosphates, chlorides, bromides, iodides, acetates, propionates, decanoates, caprylates, acrylates, formates, isobutyrates, caproates, heptanoates, propiolates, oxalates, malonates, succinates, suberates, sebacates, fumarates, maleates, butyne-1,4-dioates, hexyne-1,6-dioates, benzoates, chlorobenzoates, methylbenzoates, dinitrobenzoates, hydroxybenzoates, methoxybenzoates, phthalates, sulfonates, xylenesulfonates, phenylacetates, phenylpropionates, phenylbutyrates, citrates, lactates, γ-hydroxybutyrates, glycolates, tartrates, methane-sulfonates, propanesulfonates, naphthalene-1-sulfonates, naphthalene-2-sulfonates, and mandelates.

When the compound of Formula (I) or Formula (II) contains a basic nitrogen, the desired pharmaceutically acceptable salt may be prepared by any suitable method available in the art, for example, treatment of the free base with an inorganic acid, such as hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, sulfuric acid, sulfamic acid, nitric acid, boric acid, phosphoric acid, and the like, or with an organic acid, such as acetic acid, phenylacetic acid, propionic acid, stearic acid, lactic acid, ascorbic acid, maleic acid, hydroxymaleic acid, isethionic acid, succinic acid, valeric acid, fumaric acid, malonic acid, pyruvic acid, oxalic acid, glycolic acid, salicylic acid, oleic acid, palmitic acid, lauric acid, a pyranosidyl acid, such as glucuronic acid or galacturonic acid, an alpha-hydroxy acid, such as mandelic acid, citric acid, or tartaric acid, an amino acid, such as aspartic acid, glutaric acid or glutamic acid, an aromatic acid, such as benzoic acid, 2-acetoxybenzoic acid, naphthoic acid, or cinnamic acid, a sulfonic acid, such as laurylsulfonic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, methanesulfonic acid, ethanesulfonic acid, any compatible mixture of acids such as those given as examples herein, and any other acid and mixture thereof that are regarded as equivalents or acceptable substitutes in light of the ordinary level of skill in this technology.

When the compound of Formula (I) or Formula (II) is an acid, such as a carboxylic acid or sulfonic acid, the desired pharmaceutically acceptable salt may be prepared by any suitable method, for example, treatment of the free acid with an inorganic or organic base, such as an amine (primary, secondary or tertiary), an alkali metal hydroxide, alkaline earth metal hydroxide, any compatible mixture of bases such as those given as examples herein, and any other base and mixture thereof that are regarded as equivalents or acceptable substitutes in light of the ordinary level of skill in this technology. Illustrative examples of suitable salts include organic salts derived from amino acids, such as N-methyl-D-glucamine, lysine, choline, glycine and arginine, ammonia, carbonates, bicarbonates, primary, secondary, and tertiary amines, and cyclic amines, such as tromethamine, benzylamines, pyrrolidines, piperidine, morpholine, and piperazine, and inorganic salts derived from sodium, calcium, potassium, magnesium, manganese, iron, copper, zinc, aluminum, and lithium.

The invention also relates to pharmaceutically acceptable prodrugs of the compounds of Formula (I) and Formula (II), and treatment methods employing such pharmaceutically acceptable prodrugs. The term “prodrug” means a precursor of a designated compound that, following administration to a subject, yields the compound in vivo via a chemical or physiological process such as solvolysis or enzymatic cleavage, or under physiological conditions (e.g., a prodrug on being brought to physiological pH is converted to the compound of Formula (I) or Formula (II)). A “pharmaceutically acceptable prodrug” is a prodrug that is non-toxic, biologically tolerable, and otherwise biologically suitable for administration to the subject. Illustrative procedures for the selection and preparation of suitable prodrug derivatives are described, for example, in “Design of Prodrugs”, ed. H. Bundgaard, Elsevier, 1985.

Exemplary prodrugs include compounds having an amino acid residue, or a polypeptide chain of two or more (e.g., two, three or four) amino acid residues, covalently joined through an amide or ester bond to a free amino, hydroxy, or carboxylic acid group of a compound of Formula (I) or Formula (II). Examples of amino acid residues include the twenty naturally occurring amino acids, commonly designated by three letter symbols, as well as 4-hydroxyproline, hydroxylysine, demosine, isodemosine, 3-methylhistidine, norvalin, beta-alanine, gamma-aminobutyric acid, citrulline homocysteine, homoserine, ornithine and methionine sulfone.

Additional types of prodrugs may be produced, for instance, by derivatizing free carboxyl groups of structures of Formula (I) or Formula (II) as amides or alkyl esters. Examples of amides include those derived from ammonia, primary C₁₋₆alkyl amines and secondary di(C₁₋₆alkyl) amines. Secondary amines include 5- or 6-membered heterocycloalkyl or heteroaryl ring moieties. Examples of amides include those that are derived from ammonia, C₁₋₃alkyl primary amines, and di(C₁₋₂alkyl)amines. Examples of esters of the invention include C₁₋₇alkyl, C₅₋₇cycloalkyl, phenyl, and phenyl(C₁₋₆alkyl) esters. Preferred esters include methyl esters. Prodrugs may also be prepared by derivatizing free hydroxy groups using groups including hemisuccinates, phosphate esters, dimethylaminoacetates, and phosphoryloxymethyloxycarbonyls, following procedures such as those outlined in Fleisher et al., Adv. Drug Delivery Rev. 1996, 19, 115-130. Carbamate derivatives of hydroxy and amino groups may also yield prodrugs. Carbonate derivatives, sulfonate esters, and sulfate esters of hydroxy groups may also provide prodrugs. Derivatization of hydroxy groups as (acyloxy)methyl and (acyloxy)ethyl ethers, wherein the acyl group may be an alkyl ester, optionally substituted with one or more ether, amine, or carboxylic acid functionalities, or where the acyl group is an amino acid ester as described above, is also useful to yield prodrugs. Prodrugs of this type may be prepared as described in Robinson et al., J Med. Chem. 1996, 39(I), 10-18. Free amines can also be derivatized as amides, sulfonamides or phosphonamides. All of these prodrug moieties may incorporate groups including ether, amine, and carboxylic acid functionalities.

The present invention also relates to pharmaceutically active metabolites of the compounds of Formula (I) or Formula (II), which may also be used in the methods of the invention. A “pharmaceutically active metabolite” means a pharmacologically active product of metabolism in the body of a compound of Formula (I) or Formula (II) or salt thereof. Prodrugs and active metabolites of a compound may be determined using routine techniques known or available in the art. See, e.g., Bertolini, et al., J Med. Chem. 1997, 40, 2011-2016; Shan, et al., J Pharm Sci. 1997, 86 (7), 765-767; Bagshawe, Drug Dev Res. 1995, 34, 220-230; Bodor, Adv Drug Res. 1984, 13, 224-331; Bundgaard, Design of Prodrugs (Elsevier Press, 1985); and Larsen, Design and Application of Prodrugs, Drug Design and Development (Krogsgaard-Larsen, et al., eds., Harwood Academic Publishers, 1991).

The compounds of Formula (I) or Formula (II) and their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, pharmaceutically acceptable prodrugs, and pharmaceutically active metabolites of the present invention are useful as modulators of the orexin receptor in the methods of the invention. As such modulators, the compounds may act as antagonists, agonists, or inverse agonists. The term “modulators” include both inhibitors and activators, where “inhibitors” refer to compounds that decrease, prevent, inactivate, desensitize or down-regulate orexin receptor expression or activity, and “activators” are compounds that increase, activate, facilitate, sensitize, or up-regulate orexin receptor expression or activity.

The term “treat” or “treating” as used herein is intended to refer to administration of an active agent or composition of the invention to a subject for the purpose of effecting a therapeutic or prophylactic benefit through modulation of orexin receptor activity. Treating includes reversing, ameliorating, alleviating, inhibiting the progress of, lessening the severity of, or preventing a disease, disorder, or condition, or one or more symptoms of such disease, disorder or condition mediated through modulation of orexin receptor activity. The term “subject” refers to a mammalian patient in need of such treatment, such as a human.

Accordingly, the invention relates to methods of using the compounds described herein to treat subjects diagnosed with or suffering from a disease, disorder, or condition mediated by orexin receptor activity, such as: disorders of the sleep-wake cycle, metabolic disorders, neurological disorders and other disorders (e.g., feeding, drinking, arousal, stress, addiction, metabolism and reproduction). Symptoms or disease states are intended to be included within the scope of “medical conditions, disorders, or diseases.”

Sleep disorders include, but are not limited to, sleep-wake transition disorders, insomnia, restless legs syndrome, jet-lag, disturbed sleep, and sleep disorders secondary to neurological disorders (e.g., manias, depressions, manic depression, schizophrenia, and pain syndromes (e.g., fibromyalgia, neuropathic).

Metabolic disorders include, but are not limited to, overweight or obesity and conditions related to overweight or obesity, such as insulin resistance, type II diabetes, hyperlipidemia, gallstones, angina, hypertension, breathlessness, tachycardia, infertility, sleep apnea, back and joint pain, varicose veins and osteoarthritis.

Neurological disorders include, but are not limited to, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, Tourette's Syndrome, catatonia, anxiety, delirium and dementias.

Other disorders include, but are not limited to, ulcers, irritable bowel syndrome, diarrhea and gastroesophageal reflux.

In treatment methods according to the invention, an effective amount of a pharmaceutical agent according to the invention is administered to a subject suffering from or diagnosed as having such a disease, disorder, or condition. An “effective amount” means an amount or dose sufficient to generally bring about the desired therapeutic or prophylactic benefit in patients in need of such treatment for the designated disease, disorder, or condition. Effective amounts or doses of the compounds of the present invention may be ascertained by routine methods such as modeling, dose escalation studies or clinical trials, and by taking into consideration routine factors, e.g., the mode or route of administration or drug delivery, the pharmacokinetics of the compound, the severity and course of the disease, disorder, or condition, the subject's previous or ongoing therapy, the subject's health status and response to drugs, and the judgment of the treating physician. An example of a dose is in the range of from about 0.001 to about 200 mg of compound per kg of subject's body weight per day, preferably about 0.05 to 100 mg/kg/day, or about 1 to 35 mg/kg/day, in single or divided dosage units (e.g., BID, TID, QID). For a 70-kg human, an illustrative range for a suitable dosage amount is from about 0.05 to about 7 g/day, or about 0.2 to about 2.5 g/day.

Once improvement of the patient's disease, disorder, or condition has occurred, the dose may be adjusted for preventative or maintenance treatment. For example, the dosage or the frequency of administration, or both, may be reduced as a function of the symptoms, to a level at which the desired therapeutic or prophylactic effect is maintained. Of course, if symptoms have been alleviated to an appropriate level, treatment may cease. Patients may, however, require intermittent treatment on a long-term basis upon any recurrence of symptoms.

In addition, the active agents of the invention may be used in combination with additional active ingredients in the treatment of the above conditions. The additional active ingredients may be coadministered separately with an active agent of compounds of Table 1 or included with such an agent in a pharmaceutical composition according to the invention. In an exemplary embodiment, additional active ingredients are those that are known or discovered to be effective in the treatment of conditions, disorders, or diseases mediated by orexin activity, such as another orexin modulator or a compound active against another target associated with the particular condition, disorder, or disease. The combination may serve to increase efficacy (e.g., by including in the combination a compound potentiating the potency or effectiveness of an active agent according to the invention), decrease one or more side effects, or decrease the required dose of the active agent according to the invention.

The active agents of the invention are used, alone or in combination with one or more additional active ingredients, to formulate pharmaceutical compositions of the invention. A pharmaceutical composition of the invention comprises: (a) an effective amount of at least one active agent in accordance with the invention; and (b) a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.

A “pharmaceutically acceptable excipient” refers to a substance that is non-toxic, biologically tolerable, and otherwise biologically suitable for administration to a subject, such as an inert substance, added to a pharmacological composition or otherwise used as a vehicle, carrier, or diluent to facilitate administration of a agent and that is compatible therewith. Examples of excipients include calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate, various sugars and types of starch, cellulose derivatives, gelatin, vegetable oils, and polyethylene glycols.

Delivery forms of the pharmaceutical compositions containing one or more dosage units of the active agents may be prepared using suitable pharmaceutical excipients and compounding techniques known or that become available to those skilled in the art. The compositions may be administered in the inventive methods by a suitable route of delivery, e.g., oral, parenteral, rectal, topical, or ocular routes, or by inhalation.

The preparation may be in the form of tablets, capsules, sachets, dragees, powders, granules, lozenges, powders for reconstitution, liquid preparations, or suppositories. Preferably, the compositions are formulated for intravenous infusion, topical administration, or oral administration.

For oral administration, the compounds of the invention can be provided in the form of tablets or capsules, or as a solution, emulsion, or suspension. To prepare the oral compositions, the compounds may be formulated to yield a dosage of, e.g., from about 0.05 to about 100 mg/kg daily, or from about 0.05 to about 35 mg/kg daily, or from about 0.1 to about 10 mg/kg daily. For example, a total daily dosage of about 5 mg to 5 g daily may be accomplished by dosing once, twice, three, or four times per day.

Oral tablets may include a compound according to the invention mixed with pharmaceutically acceptable excipients such as inert diluents, disintegrating agents, binding agents, lubricating agents, sweetening agents, flavoring agents, coloring agents and preservative agents. Suitable inert fillers include sodium and calcium carbonate, sodium and calcium phosphate, lactose, starch, sugar, glucose, methyl cellulose, magnesium stearate, mannitol, sorbitol, and the like. Exemplary liquid oral excipients include ethanol, glycerol, water, and the like. Starch, polyvinyl-pyrrolidone (PVP), sodium starch glycolate, microcrystalline cellulose, and alginic acid are suitable disintegrating agents. Binding agents may include starch and gelatin. The lubricating agent, if present, may be magnesium stearate, stearic acid or talc. If desired, the tablets may be coated with a material such as glyceryl monostearate or glyceryl distearate to delay absorption in the gastrointestinal tract, or may be coated with an enteric coating.

Capsules for oral administration include hard and soft gelatin capsules. To prepare hard gelatin capsules, compounds of the invention may be mixed with a solid, semi-solid, or liquid diluent. Soft gelatin capsules may be prepared by mixing the compound of the invention with water, an oil such as peanut oil or olive oil, liquid paraffin, a mixture of mono and di-glycerides of short chain fatty acids, polyethylene glycol 400, or propylene glycol.

Liquids for oral administration may be in the form of suspensions, solutions, emulsions or syrups or may be lyophilized or presented as a dry product for reconstitution with water or other suitable vehicle before use. Such liquid compositions may optionally contain: pharmaceutically-acceptable excipients such as suspending agents (for example, sorbitol, methyl cellulose, sodium alginate, gelatin, hydroxyethylcellulose, carboxymethylcellulose, aluminum stearate gel and the like); non-aqueous vehicles, e.g., oil (for example, almond oil or fractionated coconut oil), propylene glycol, ethyl alcohol, or water; preservatives (for example, methyl or propyl p-hydroxybenzoate or sorbic acid); wetting agents such as lecithin; and, if desired, flavoring or coloring agents.

The active agents of this invention may also be administered by non-oral routes. For example, the compositions may be formulated for rectal administration as a suppository. For parenteral use, including intravenous, intramuscular, intraperitoneal, or subcutaneous routes, the compounds of the invention may be provided in sterile aqueous solutions or suspensions, buffered to an appropriate pH and isotonicity or in parenterally acceptable oil. Suitable aqueous vehicles include Ringer's solution and isotonic sodium chloride. Such forms will be presented in unit-dose form such as ampules or disposable injection devices, in multi-dose forms such as vials from which the appropriate dose may be withdrawn, or in a solid form or pre-concentrate that can be used to prepare an injectable formulation. Illustrative infusion doses may range from about 1 to 1000 μg/kg/minute of compound, admixed with a pharmaceutical carrier over a period ranging from several minutes to several days.

For topical administration, the compounds may be mixed with a pharmaceutical carrier at a concentration of about 0.1% to about 10% of drug to vehicle. Another mode of administering the compounds of the invention may utilize a patch formulation to affect transdermal delivery.

Compounds of the invention may alternatively be administered in methods of this invention by inhalation, via the nasal or oral routes, e.g., in a spray formulation also containing a suitable carrier.

Exemplary compounds useful in methods of the invention will now be described by reference to the illustrative synthetic schemes for their general preparation below and the specific examples that follow. Artisans will recognize that, to obtain the various compounds herein, starting materials may be suitably selected so that the ultimately desired substituents will be carried through the reaction scheme with or without protection as appropriate to yield the desired product. Alternatively, it may be necessary or desirable to employ, in the place of the ultimately desired substituent, a suitable group that may be carried through the reaction scheme and replaced as appropriate with the desired substituent. Unless otherwise specified, the variables are as defined above in reference to Formula (I). Reactions may be performed between the melting point and the reflux temperature of the solvent, and preferably between 0° C. and the reflux temperature of the solvent. Reactions may be heated employing conventional heating or microwave heating. Reactions may also be conducted in sealed pressure vessels above the normal reflux temperature of the solvent.

Abbreviations and acronyms used herein include the following:

Term Acronym High-performance liquid chromatography HPLC Thin layer chromatography TLC Diisopropylethylamine DIPEA Tetrahydrofuran THF tert-Butylcarbamoyl BOC Carboxybenzyl CBz Dichloromethane DCM Trifluoroacetic acid TFA Acetic Acid HOAc N,N-Dimethylformamide DMF Methanol MeOH Isopropanol IPA Ethanol EtOH Acetonitrile ACN Ethyl Acetate EtOAc, or EA Triethylamine TEA 2-(1H-9-Azobenzotriazole-1-yl)-1,1,3,3- HATU tetramethylaminium hexafluorophosphate 1-Hydroxy-7-azabenzotriazole HOAT Methyl Tertiary Butyl Ether MTBE N-(3-Dimethylaminopropyl)-N- EDCl ethylcarbodiimide [1,1′- PdCl₂(dppf)-dcm adduct Bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene]palladium(II) Dichloride Dichloromethane Adduct

Intermediate compounds of formulae (VIa) and (VIb) are readily prepared as outlined in Scheme A from a commercially available or synthetically accessible compound of formula (IV). Compounds of formula (VIa) are obtained by reacting a compound of formula (IV), where R^(a2) is —H, halo, —C₁₋₄alkyl, —C₁₋₄alkoxy, —NO₂, —NHCOCH₃, or two R^(a2) members may come together to form a 6-membered aryl ring, where X is C or N (with the proviso that only one X member can be N), with commercially available HET compounds of formula (V), where

HET is a 5-6 membered heteroaryl ring containing one to three nitrogen members, in the presence of copper(I)iodide, Cs₂CO₃ and N,N′-dimethylcyclohexane-1,2-diamine; in a solvent such as DMF or dioxane, at temperatures ranging from 60° C. to 100° C. (using conventional or microwave heating). One skilled in the art will recognize that 1,2,3-triazole can exist in two tautomeric forms defined as 2H-[1,2,3]triazole and 1H-[1,2,3]triazole thus accounting for the formation of two regioisomers.

Alternatively, compounds of formula (VIb) are prepared by the reaction of halobenzonitrile compounds of formula (VII) with HET, where HET is a 5-membered heteroaryl ring selected from the group consisting of triazole or pyrazole, in a solvent such as DMF and the like, in the presence of an inorganic base such as K₂CO₃ and the like, at temperatures ranging from 100° C. to 130° C. Subsequent hydrolysis of the nitrile using a base such as aqueous NaOH and the like, in a solvent such as methanol provides compounds of formula (VIb).

Compounds of formula (VIb) are also prepared by the reaction of halobenzonitrile compounds of formula (VII) with HET-Sn(alkyl)₃, where HET-Sn(alkyl)₃ is a commercially available or synthetically accessible trialkyltinheteroaryl compound, in a solvent such as DME, in the presence of a palladium catalyst such as Pd(PPh₃)₄, in the presence or absence of a catalytic amount of copper iodide, at temperatures ranging from 100° C. to 160° C., using conventional or microwave heating. Subsequent hydrolysis of the nitrile using a base such as aqueous NaOH and the like, in a solvent such as methanol provides compounds of formula (VIb).

Compounds of formula (VIb) are also prepared by the reaction of halobenzonitrile compounds of formula (VII) with HET-boronic acid, where HET-boronic acid is a commercially available or synthetically accessible heteroarylboronic acid, in a solvent such as DME, in the presence of a base such as NaHCO₃, a palladium catalyst such as Pd(PPh₃)₄, at temperatures ranging from 80° C. to the reflux temperature of the solvent. Subsequent hydrolysis using a base such as aqueous NaOH and the like, in a solvent such as methanol provides compounds of formula (VIb).

Compounds of formula (I), where R^(b2) is —I, are further elaborated to compounds of formula (I), where R^(b2) is HET, where HET is a 5-6 membered heteroaryl ring containing one to three nitrogen atoms optionally containing one oxygen member. Reaction of compounds of formula (I), where R^(b2) is —I, with HET-Sn(alkyl)₃, where HET-Sn(alkyl)₃ is a commercially available or synthetically accessible trialkyltinheteroaryl compound, in a solvent such as DME, in the presence of a palladium catalyst such as Pd(PPh₃)₄, in the presence or absence of a catalytic amount of copper iodide, at temperatures ranging from 100° C. to 160° C., using conventional or microwave heating, provides compounds of formula (I).

According to Scheme B, compounds of formula (VIc) are obtained from compounds of formula (IV), by first converting a commercially available or synthetically accessible compound of formula (IV), where R^(a2) is —H, halo, —C₁₋₄alkyl, —C₁₋₄alkoxy, —CF₃, or —NO₂, and where X is C or N (with the proviso that only one X may be N) to one of formula (IX) under esterification conditions, for example by treating an alcohol solution of a compound of formula (IV) with an acid. In a preferred method the compound of formula (IV) is dissolved in a solvent such as MeOH and treated with H₂SO₄ to afford a compound of formula (IX). A compound of formula (X) is obtained by reacting a suitable compound of formula (IX) with pinacol borane in the presence of a phosphine and a palladium catalyst, in the presence of an amine base, in a solvent such as THF, at temperatures ranging from room temperature to 70° C. In a preferred method the phosphine is tri(o-tolyl)phosphine, the palladium catalyst is Pd(OAc)₂ and the amine base is triethylamine.

A compound of formula (VIc) is obtained by reacting a compound of formula (X) with a compound R^(b2)—Cl, where R^(b2)—Cl is a suitable commercially available or synthetically accessible 6-membered chloro-substituted heteroaryl compound, in the presence of a palladium catalyst, a base such as Na₂CO₃, and the like, in a solvent such as 2-methyl-tetrahydrofuran (2-methyl-THF), and the like, at temperatures ranging from room temperature to 80° C. In a preferred method the palladium catalyst is PdCl₂(dppf)-dcm adduct, the base is Na₂CO₃ and the solvent is 2-methyl-THF. A compound of formula (VIc) is obtained from a compound of formula (XI) via ester hydrolysis. In a preferred method of hydrolysis, a compound of formula (XI) in methyl-THF is treated with aqueous NaOH to afford a compound of formula (VIc).

According to SCHEME C, substituted heteroaryl compounds R²Cl of formula (XIVa) and (XVIb) are prepared from commercially available or synthetically accessible compounds of formula (XIIIa) or (XIIIb). Pyrimidols of formula (XIIIa) or formula (XIIIb) are commercially available or are prepared by reacting substituted alkyl malonates of formula (XII), where R^(e) is halo, with urea in the presence of a base such as sodium ethoxide and the like; in a suitable solvent such as ethanol, at temperatures between room temperature and the reflux temperature of the solvent. Chlorination of commercially available pyrimidinols of formula (XIIIb) or synthetically accessible compounds of formula (XIIIa) using a chlorinating agent such as oxalyl chloride and the like; in a solvent such as CH₂Cl₂, in the presence of a base such as N,N-dimethylaniline and the like; at temperatures ranging between room temperature and the reflux temperature of the solvent provides chloropyrimidines of formula (XIVa) or (XIVb). Additionally, chloropyrimidines of formula (XIVa) or (XIVb) are further elaborated. Chloropyrimidines of formula (XIVa) or (XIVb) are reacted with Grignard reagents (RgMgBr) of formula (XV); in the presence of a catalytic amount of Fe(acac)₃, in a solvent such as Et₂O at 0° C., provides alkyl chloropyrimidines of formula (XVIa) or (XVIb).

According to Scheme D, compounds of formula (XX) are obtained from synthetically accessible or commercially available 2-benzyl-octahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole by first protecting the secondary nitrogen of 2-benzyl-octahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole as a carbamate. In a preferred embodiment the carbamate is the tert-butylcarbamate (boc) which is introduced by treating 2-benzyl-octahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole with di-tert-butyl-dicarbonate, in a solvent such as DCM, affording compound (XVII). Compound (XVIII) is obtained from treating compound (XVII) with hydrogen gas, in the presence of a catalyst. In a particularly preferred embodiment the catalyst is Pd on carbon, in a solvent such as MeOH in the presence of AcOH. A compound of formula (XIX) is obtained by treating compound (XVIII) with a compound of formula R²Cl, where R² is as defined in formula (I). Commercially available or synthetically accessible appropriately heteroaryl compounds of formula R²Cl are reacted with compound (XVIII) in the presence of a suitably selected tertiary organic or inorganic base such as Cs₂CO₃, Na₂CO₃, TEA, and the like; in a solvent such as DMF, dichloromethane, THF, n-butanol, and the like; at a temperature between room temperature and the reflux temperature of the solvent, using conventional or microwave heating, to afford compounds of formula (XIX). In a preferred embodiment the base is Cs₂CO₃ and the solvent is DMF. Removal of the tert-butylcarbamate (boc) in compounds of formula (XIX) is accomplished by using methods known to one skilled in the art, such as, HCl, TFA, or p-toluenesulfonic acid, in a solvent such as CH₃OH, dioxane, or CH₂Cl₂. In a preferred embodiment, a compound of formula (XIX) is treated with TFA in DCM or HCl to afford a compound of formula (XX).

Compounds of formula (XX) are also obtained from 2-benzyl-octahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole. Referring to Scheme D, 2-benzyl-octahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole is treated with R²Cl, where R² is as defined in a compound of formula (I). Commercially available or synthetically accessible suitably substituted heteroaryl compounds of formula R²Cl are reacted with compound 2-benzyl-octahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole in the presence of a tertiary organic or inorganic base such as Cs₂CO₃, Na₂CO₃, TEA, and the like; in a solvent such as DMF, dichloromethane, THF, and the like; at a temperature between room temperature and the reflux temperature of the solvent to afford a compound of formula (XXI). In a preferred embodiment the base is Cs₂CO₃ and the solvent is DMF. A compound of formula (XX) is obtained by treating a compound of formula (XXI) with hydrogen gas, in the presence of a catalyst, in a solvent such as AcOH. In a preferred embodiment the catalyst is Pd on carbon.

Referring to Scheme E, a compound of formula (I) is obtained from a compound of formula (XIX), (XX), or (XXI) by reacting a compound of formula (XIX), (XX), or (XXI) with a compound of formula R¹CO₂H under amide formation conditions. Compounds of formula R¹CO₂H, where R¹ is as defined in formula (I), are commercially available, as described, or synthetically accessible appropriately substituted aryl or heteroaryl carboxylic acids. In a preferred embodiment a compound of formula (XIX), (XX), or (XXI), either as a free base or as an acid salt, is reacted with a compound of formula R¹CO₂H, in the presence of a dehydrating agent such as HOBt/EDAC, CDI, HATU, HOAT; a suitably selected base such as DIPEA, TEA, and the like; in an organic solvent or mixture thereof, such as toluene, acetonitrile, ethyl acetate, DMF, THF, methylene chloride, and the like; to afford a compound of formula (XXII), (XXIII) or (I). In a particularly preferred embodiment the dehydrating agent is HATU, and the base is DIPEA.

In an alternative embodiment, a compound of formula R¹CO₂H (as described above) may be first converted to a compound of formula R¹COCl, or compound of formula R¹COCl is a commercially available substituted aryl sulfonyl chloride. In a preferred embodiment, a compound of formula R¹CO₂H is treated with thionyl chloride in a solvent such as toluene to afford a compound of formula R¹COCl. A compound of formula (I) is obtained by treating a compound of formula R¹COCl with a compound of formula (XIX), (XX), or (XXI), a suitably selected tertiary organic base such as TEA, and the like, in a solvent such as dichloromethane, THF, and the like, at a temperature between room temperature and the reflux temperature of the solvent. A compound of formula (II) is obtained by treating a compound of formula R¹SO₂Cl with a compound of formula (XIX), (XXI), or (XXV), where R⁴ is (5-trifluoromethyl)-pyridin-2-yl, (5-trifluoromethyl)-pyrimidin-2-yl, 4,6-dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl, or quinoxalin-2-yl; a suitably selected tertiary organic base such as TEA, and the like, in a solvent such as dichloromethane, THF, and the like, at a temperature between room temperature and the reflux temperature of the solvent.

Referring to Scheme E, one skilled in the art will recognize that the sequence of transformations shown in Schemes D and E may be reordered such that amide bond formation may be the initial reaction to give compounds of formulae (XXII) and (XXIII). Removal of the N-benzyl group from a compound of formulae (XXII) or removal of the carbamate from a compound of formula (XXIII) followed by the reaction with a compound R²Cl, where R²Cl is as described above gives a compound of formula (I).

3-Fluoro-2-(3-methyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)benzoic acid and 2-fluoro-6-(3-methyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)benzoic acid are prepared according to SCHEME H. 3-Fluorophthalic anhydride was dissolved in a solvent such as MeOH, at temperatures ranging from room temperature to the reflux temperature of the solvent, to provide acid-esters (XXVIIa) and (XXIIb). Conversion of the acid to the acid chloride is accomplished under standard chlorination conditions. In a preferred method the acid is heated with oxalyl chloride in a solvent such as DCM. Subsequent reaction of the acid chloride with N-hydroxyacetamide in a solvent such as CH₂Cl₂ provides a mixture of esters (XXVIIIa) and (XXVIIIb). Finally, esters (XXVIIIa) and (XXVIIIb) are converted to a mixture of esters (XXIXa) and (XXIXb) and acids (XXXa) and (XXXb) by treatment with a base, preferably sodium acetate, in the presence of a solvent, preferably t-BuOH.

Alternately, acid (XXXa) is prepared by first converting 2-fluoro-6-iodobenzoic acid to the acid chloride by reaction with a chlorinating agent such as oxalyl chloride, in a solvent such as DCM, with a catalytic amount of DMF, at a temperature of 0° C. Subsequent reaction of the acid chloride with N-hydroxyacetamide in a solvent such as CH₂Cl₂ provides (Z)—N′-((2-fluoro-6-iodobenzoyl)oxy)acetimidamide. 5-(2-Fluoro-6-iodophenyl)-3-methyl-1,2,4-oxadiazole is prepared by reacting (Z)—N′-((2-fluoro-6-iodobenzoyl)oxy)acetimidamide with sodium acetate, in a solvent such as tert-butanol, at temperatures ranging from 100° C. to 110° C. 3-Fluoro-2-(3-methyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)benzoic acid (XXXa) is prepared by reacting 5-(2-fluoro-6-iodophenyl)-3-methyl-1,2,4-oxadiazole with a grignard reagent such as i-PrMgCl, in a suitable solvent such as THF and the like, at a temperature of −78° C. Subsequent addition of CO₂ gas, at a temperature of −78° C. provides 3-fluoro-2-(3-methyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)benzoic acid (XXXa).

Deuterated pyrimidine compounds of formula (XXXII) are prepared according to Scheme H. Acetylacetone is reacted with an inorganic base such as K₂CO₃ in deuterated water, at temperatures ranging from 100° C. to 120° C. to provide 1,1,1,3,3,3,5,5-octadeuteriopentane-2,4-dione. 1,1,1,3,3,3,5,5-Octadeuteriopentane-2,4-dione is subsequently reacted with deuterated urea, in a solvent such as deuterated ethanol, 35% wt. DCl in D₂O, at temperatures ranging from 90° C. to 100° C. to provide deuterated pyrimidinols of formula (XXXI). Chlorination under standard chlorinating conditions provides chlorodeuteratedpyrimidine compounds of formula (XXXII).

Compounds of formula (I) may be converted to their corresponding salts using methods known to those skilled in the art. For example, amines of formula (I) may be treated with trifluoroacetic acid (TFA), HCl, maleic acid, or citric acid in a solvent such as diethyl ether (Et₂O), CH₂Cl₂, tetrahydrofuran (THF), or methanol (MeOH) to provide the corresponding salt forms. In a particularly preferred embodiment the acid is HCl and the solvent is isopropanol.

Compounds prepared according to the schemes described above may be obtained as single enantiomers, diastereomers, or regioisomers, by enantio-, diastero-, or regiospecific synthesis, or by resolution. Compounds prepared according to the schemes above may alternately be obtained as racemic (1:1) or non-racemic (not 1:1) mixtures or as mixtures of diastereomers or regioisomers. Where racemic and non-racemic mixtures of enantiomers are obtained, single enantiomers may be isolated using conventional separation methods known to one skilled in the art, such as chiral chromatography, recrystallization, diastereomeric salt formation, derivatization into diastereomeric adducts, biotransformation, or enzymatic transformation. Where regioisomeric or diastereomeric mixtures are obtained, single isomers may be separated using conventional methods such as chromatography or crystallization.

The following examples are provided to further illustrate the invention and various preferred embodiments.

EXAMPLES Chemistry

In obtaining the compounds described in the examples below and the corresponding analytical data, the following experimental and analytical protocols were followed unless otherwise indicated.

Unless otherwise stated, reaction mixtures were magnetically stirred at room temperature (rt) under a nitrogen atmosphere. Where solutions were “dried,” they were generally dried over a drying agent such as Na₂SO₄ or MgSO₄. Where mixtures, solutions, and extracts were “concentrated”, they were typically concentrated on a rotary evaporator under reduced pressure. Reactions under microwave irradiation conditions were carried out in a Biotage Initiator or CEM Discover instrument.

Normal-phase flash column chromatography (FCC) was performed on silica gel (SiO₂) using prepackaged cartridges, eluting with the indicated solvents. Preparative reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was performed on a Gilson HPLC with an Xterra Prep RP₁₈ or an XBridge C18 OBD (5 μm, 30×100 mm, or 50×150 mm) column, and a gradient of 10 to 99% acetonitrile/water (20 mM NH₄OH) over 12 to 18 min, and a flow rate of 30 mL/min. Mass spectra (MS) were obtained on an Agilent series 1100 MSD using electrospray ionization (ESI) in positive mode unless otherwise indicated. Calculated (calcd.) mass corresponds to the exact mass. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra were obtained on Bruker model DRX spectrometers. The format of the ¹H NMR data below is: chemical shift in ppm downfield of the tetramethylsilane reference (multiplicity, coupling constant J in Hz, integration).

Chemical names were generated using Chem Draw Ultra 6.0.2 (CambridgeSoft Corp., Cambridge, Mass.) or ACD/Name Version 9 (Advanced Chemistry Development, Toronto, Ontario, Canada).

Intermediate 1: 5-Fluoro-2-[1,2,3]triazol-2-yl-benzoic acid

5-Fluoro-2-[1,2,3]triazol-2-yl-benzoic acid. To a solution of 5-fluoro-2-iodo-benzoic acid (3.86 g, 14.65 mmol), 2H-[1,2,3]triazole (2.5 g, 36.2 mmol), Cs₂CO₃ (8.62 g, 24.5 mmol), trans-N,N′-dimethyl-cyclohexane-1,2-diamine (0.4 mL), CuI (244 mg) and DMF (13 mL) were added to a microwave ready vessel and heated to 100° C. for 10 min. The mixture was cooled, diluted with water, and extracted with EtOAc. The aqueous layer was acidified and extracted with EtOAc. The organic layer was dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated. Chromatography (DCM to 10% MeOH/1% HOAc/DCM) gave the product as a white powder (2.14 g, 71%). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD): 7.91 (s, 2H), 7.76 (dd, J=8.9, 4.8 Hz, 1H), 7.59 (dd, J=8.5, 2.9 Hz, 1H), 7.49-7.42 (m, 1H).

Intermediates 2-12 were prepared in a manner analogous to Intermediate 1.

Intermediate 2: 2-[1,2,3]Triazol-2-yl-benzoic acid

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Intermediate 1, substituting 2-iodobenzoic acid for 5-fluoro-2-iodo-benzoic acid. Two products were formed in this reaction, 2-[1,2,3]triazol-2-yl-benzoic acid and 2-[1,2,3]triazol-1-yl-benzoic acid, as a result of the tautomeric forms of 1,2,3-triazole. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD): 7.91 (s, 2H), 7.85-7.82 (m, 1H), 7.75 (dd, J=8.1, 1.0 Hz, 1H), 7.69 (td, J=7.7, 1.5 Hz, 1H), 7.60-7.55 (m, 1H).

Intermediate 3: 2-[1,2,3]Triazol-1-yl-benzoic acid

The title compound was isolated from the synthesis of Intermediate 2. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD): 6.70 (d, J=0.9 Hz, 1H), 6.50 (dd, J=7.7, 1.5 Hz, 1H), 6.30 (d, J=1.0 Hz, 1H), 6.24.6.18 (m, 1H), 6.17-6.11 (m, 1H), 6.01 (dd, J=7.8, 1.0 Hz, 1H).

Intermediate 4: 4-Fluoro-2-[1,2,3]triazol-2-yl-benzoic acid

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Intermediate 1, substituting for 4-fluoro-2-iodo-benzoic acid for 5-fluoro-2-iodo-benzoic acid in Step A. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD): 7.93 (s, 2H), 7.88 (dd, J=8.7, 5.9 Hz, 1H), 7.56 (dd, J=9.2, 2.5 Hz, 1H), 7.38-7.30 (m, 1H).

Intermediate 5: 3-Fluoro-2-[1,2,3]triazol-2-yl-benzoic acid

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Intermediate 1, substituting for 3-fluoro-2-iodo-benzoic acid for 5-fluoro-2-iodo-benzoic acid in Step A. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD): 7.93 (s, 2H), 7.81 (d, J=8.3 Hz, 1H), 7.63-7.58 (m, 1H), 7.29 (td, J=8.9, 0.9 Hz, 1H).

Intermediate 6: 4-Chloro-2-[1,2,3]triazol-2-yl-benzoic acid

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Intermediate 1, substituting 4-chloro-2-iodo-benzoic acid for 5-fluoro-2-iodo-benzoic acid in Step A. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD): 7.93 (s, 2H), 7.84-7.78 (m, 2H), 7.59 (dd, J=8.3, 2.1 Hz, 1H).

Intermediate 7: 5-Iodo-2-[1,2,3]triazol-2-yl-benzoic acid

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Intermediate 1, substituting 2-bromo-5-iodobenzoic acid for 5-fluoro-2-iodo-benzoic acid in Step A. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD): 8.09 (d, J=2.0, 1H), 8.03-7.97 (m, 1H), 7.95-7.86 (m, 3H), 7.53 (d, J=8.4, 1H).

Intermediate 8: 5-Methyl-2-[1,2,3]triazol-2-yl-benzoic acid

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Intermediate 1, substituting for 2-iodo-5-methyl benzoic acid for 5-fluoro-2-iodo-benzoic acid in Step A. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD): 7.87 (s 2H), 7.66 (d, J=1.3 Hz, 1H), 7.59 (d, J=8.2 Hz, 1H), 7.53-7.46 (m, 1H), 2.45 (s, 3H).

Intermediate 9: 5-Chloro-2-[1,2,3]triazol-2-yl-benzoic acid

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Intermediate 1, substituting 5-chloro-2-iodo-benzoic acid for 5-fluoro-2-iodo-benzoic acid in Step A. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD): 7.91 (s, 2H), 7.82-7.74 (m, 2H), 7.71-7.66 (m, 1H).

Intermediate 10: 5-Methoxy-2-[1,2,3]triazol-2-yl-benzoic acid

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Intermediate 1, substituting for 2-iodo-5-methoxy benzoic acid for 5-fluoro-2-iodo-benzoic acid in Step A. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD): 7.81 (s, J=6.4, 2H), 7.55 (d, J=8.8, 1H), 7.33 (d, J=2.9, 1H), 7.18 (dd, J=8.8, 2.9, 1H), 3.85 (s, 3H).

Intermediate 11: 2-Methyl-6-[1,2,3]triazol-2-yl-benzoic acid

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Intermediate 1, substituting for 2-iodo-6-methyl benzoic acid for 5-fluoro-2-iodo-benzoic acid in Step A. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD): 7.89 (s, 2H), 7.72 (d, J=8.1 Hz, 1H), 7.48 (t, J=7.9 Hz, 1H), 7.36 (d, J=7.7 Hz, 1H), 2.46 (s, 3H).

Intermediate 12: 2-Fluoro-6-[1,2,3]triazol-2-yl-benzoic acid

Method A: The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Intermediate 1, substituting 2-fluoro-6-iodo-benzoic acid for 5-fluoro-2-iodo-benzoic acid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD): 7.96 (s, 2H), 7.87-7.82 (m, 1H), 7.70 (td, J=8.1, 5.1 Hz, 1H), 7.59 (ddd, J=9.7, 8.4, 1.4 Hz, 1H).

Method B: 2-Fluoro-6-[1,2,3]triazol-2-yl-benzoic acid. To a 2 L, 3-necked, round-bottomed flask equipped with an overhead mechanical stirrer, thermocouple probe, heating mantle, reflux condenser, and nitrogen inlet were added 2-fluoro-6-iodobenzoic acid (127.6 g, 480 mmol), copper iodide (4.57 g, 24 mmol), and Cs₂CO₃ (312.6 g, 959 mmol). To these solids were added dioxane (640 mL), then water (2.6 mL, 144 mmol), then 1H-1,2,3-triazole (55.6 mL, 959 mmol), and finally trans-1,2-dimethylcyclohexane-1,2-diamine (15.1 mL, 96 mmol). The mixture was then warmed to 60° C. for 30 min, then to 83° C. for 30 min, and then to 100° C. for 3 h. After the 3 h at 100° C., the mixture was cooled and then 1 L of MTBE and 1 L of water were added. After vigorous mixing, the layers were separated and the bottom aqueous layer was acidified to pH 1.72 with 148 mL of concentrated hydrochloric acid. The aqueous was then extracted twice with EtOAc. The combined organic layers were dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered, and concentrated to provide a dark oil. The oil was stirred overnight in EtOAc (450 mL) and the resulting precipitate was removed by filtration. The mother-liquors were concentrated to a brown solid (106.21 g, 75 wt % by quantitative HPLC, 79.7 g, 80%). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 8.22-8.13 (bs, 2H), 7.84-7.80 (m, 1H), 7.74-7.65 (m, 1H), 7.50-7.41 (m, 1H).

Intermediate 13: 5-Fluoro-2-pyrimidin-2-yl-benzoic acid

Step A: 5-Fluoro-2-iodo-benzoic acid methyl ester. To a 500 mL round-bottomed flask was added 5-fluoro-2-iodo-benzoic acid (23 g, 86.5 mmol) in methanol (230 mL). To the resulting solution was added conc. sulfuric acid (2.3 mL, 43.2 mmol). The reaction mixture was warmed to 65° C. and stirred for 15 h. The resulting mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to give crude product which was then was partitioned between EtOAc (250 mL) and a half sat. Na₂CO_(3(aq)) solution (250 mL). The layers were thoroughly mixed and then separated. The organic layer was dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a yellow oil (23 g, 95% yield). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): 7.94 (dd, J=8.7, 5.4 Hz, 1H), 7.54 (dd, J=9.0, 3.1 Hz, 1H), 6.93 (m, 1H), 3.94 (s, 3H).

Step B: 5-Fluoro-2-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-benzoic acid methyl ester. To a 1 L round-bottomed flask equipped with a reflux condenser, temperature probe, and nitrogen line, was added 5-fluoro-2-iodo-benzoic acid methyl ester (23 g, 82 mmol) in anhydrous THF (250 mL). Anhydrous triethylamine (34 mL, 246.4 mmol) was added and the resulting mixture was degassed with a nitrogen sparge for 5 minutes. Pinacol borane (17.9 mL, 123.2 mmol) was added and the reaction mixture was degassed once more for 5 minutes. Lastly, tri(o-tolyl)phosphine (1.25 g, 4.1 mmol) and palladium acetate (461 mg, 2.053 mmol) were added. Again, the reaction mixture was degassed with a nitrogen sparge. The mixture was heated to 65° C. and stirred for 1 h. After cooling to room temperature, the reaction mixture was quenched with half sat. ammonium chloride solution (250 mL), and the resulting layers were separated. The aqueous layer was extracted with additional ethyl acetate (250 mL) and the combined organics were dried over magnesium sulfate. After filtration and concentration, the crude product was obtained as a yellow oil (23 g). The crude product was then slurried in 25% EtOAc/hexanes (250 mL). The resulting solids were not desired product and were removed by filtration. The resulting solution was then concentrated to a yellow oil (21 g, 75 wt % desired, 16.1 g actual product, 70% yield), which was used directly in the next step. By ¹H-NMR, the crude product was also found to contain 14 wt % pinacol, 6.5 wt % ligand, and 4 wt % des-iodo starting material. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): 7.61 (dd, J=9.5, 2.5 Hz, 1H), 7.52-7.45 (m, 1H), 7.21 (td, J=8.3, 2.5 Hz, 1H), 3.91 (s, 3H), 1.41 (s, 12H).

Step C: 5-Fluoro-2-pyrimidin-2-yl-benzoic acid methyl ester. To a 250 mL round-bottomed flask, was added 5-fluoro-2-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-benzoic acid methyl ester (5.9 g, 21.06 mmol) in 2-methyl-THF (50 mL). To the resulting solution was added 2-chloropyrimidine (2.9 g, 25.28 mmol), sodium carbonate (6.7 g, 63.19 mmol), and water (17 mL).

The mixture was degassed for 30 minutes. PdCl₂(dppf)-dcm adduct (CAS#72287-26-4) (0.688 g, 0.843 mmol) was added and the reaction mixture was degassed once more for 30 minutes. The reaction mixture was warmed to 74° C. and stirred overnight. To the resulting solution was added diethyl ether (100 mL) and water (100 mL). The layers were thoroughly mixed then separated. The aqueous layer was extracted with additional diethyl ether (100 mL). The combined organics were dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure to a brown crude material (5.85 g, 49% desired, 2.87 actual product). The crude product was further purified through recrystallization in 10% EtOAc/hexanes. The mixture was warmed to 70° C. and cooled slowly to room temperature. After filtration, the desired product was obtained as a brown solid (1.72 g actual product, 35% yield overall after recrystallization.) ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): 8.78 (d, J=4.9 Hz, 2H), 8.09 (dd, J=8.7, 5.5 Hz, 1H), 7.39 (dd, J=8.6, 2.7 Hz, 1H), 7.30-7.20 (m, 2H), 3.77 (s, 3H).

Step D: 5-Fluoro-2-pyrimidin-2-yl-benzoic acid. To a solution of 5-fluoro-2-pyrimidin-2-ylbenzoic acid methyl ester (1.72 g, 7.407 mmol) in 2-methyl-THF (20 mL) was added sodium hydroxide (0.74 g, 18.517 mmol) and water (20 mL). The mixture was heated to 72° C. and stirred for 2 h. The layers were separated and the aqueous layer was extracted with additional MTBE. A 50% HCl_((aq)) solution was then dripped into the aqueous layer until a pH of 1 was reached. The resulting solids were filtered to provide the desired product as an off-white solid (1.34 g, 83% yield). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD): 8.82 (d, J=5.0 Hz, 2H), 7.89 (dd, J=8.6, 5.4 Hz, 1H), 7.53 (dd, J=9.0, 2.7 Hz, 1H), 7.39 (m, 2H).

Intermediate 14: 2-Fluoro-6-pyrimidin-2-yl-benzoic acid

Step A: 2-Fluoro-6-iodo-benzoic acid methyl ester. To a 200 mL round-bottomed flask were added 2-fluoro-6-iodo-benzoic acid (7.5 g, 28.2 mmol), LiOH.H₂O (1.42 g, 33.8 mmol), and THF (100 mL). The resulting mixture was warmed to 50° C. and stirred for 2 h. Dimethyl sulfate (4.03 mL, 42.3 mmol) was then added and the mixture was warmed to 65° C. After 2 h, the mixture was cooled to room temperature and NH₄Cl_((aq)) (50 mL, 13 wt % solution) was added. The two resulting layers were thoroughly mixed and then separated. The organic layer was dried over MgSO₄, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure to a light brown oil (7.79 g, 99% yield). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): 7.68-7.60 (m, 1H), 7.15-7.06 (m, 2H), 3.98 (s, 3H).

Step B: 2-Fluoro-6-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-benzoic acid methyl ester. To a 500 mL round-bottomed flask were added 2-fluoro-6-iodo-benzoic acid methyl ester (7.29, 26.0 mmol) and anhydrous THF (150 mL). This mixture was cooled to 0° C. and i-PrMgCl (13.7 mL, 2 M in THF, 27.3 mmol) was added dropwise. After 10 min, 2-isopropoxy-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane (5.58 mL, 27.3 mmol) was added. The mixture was allowed to warm to room temperature, and after 30 min NH₄Cl_((aq)) (150 mL, 13 wt % solution) was added. The layers were mixed and then separated, and the aqueous layer was extracted with 100 mL of MTBE. The combined organic layers were dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered, and concentrated to a final mass of 6.07 g (90% wt %, 75% yield). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): 7.47-7.38 (m, 2H), 7.17-7.11 (m, 1H), 3.92 (s, 3H), 1.36 (s, 12H).

Step C: 2-Fluoro-6-pyrimidin-2-yl-benzoic acid methyl ester. To a 250 mL round-bottomed flask under nitrogen were added 2-fluoro-6-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-benzoic acid methyl ester (5.46 g, 19.5 mmol) in 2-methyl-THF (50 mL), 2-chloropyrimidine (2.68 g, 23.4 mmol), and sodium carbonate (6.2 g, 58.5 mmol) in water (17 mL). PdCl₂(dppf)-dcm adduct (CAS#72287-26-4) (1.27 g, 1.56 mmol) was then added and the reaction mixture was warmed to 74° C. and stirred for 2.5 h. After cooling, the mixture was diluted with MTBE (50 mL) and water (80 mL). The layers were thoroughly mixed then separated. The aqueous layer was extracted with additional MTBE (100 mL). The combined organics were dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered, concentrated and then purified by flash chromatography (0-25% EA/hexanes) to provide the title compound (1.72 g, 72 wt %, 30% yield). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): 8.79 (d, J=4.9 Hz, 2H), 8.15 (d, J=7.9 Hz, 1H), 7.51 (td, J=8.1, 5.6 Hz, 1H), 7.28-7.20 (m, 2H), 3.92 (s, 3H).

Step D: 2-Fluoro-6-pyrimidin-2-yl-benzoic acid. To a solution of 2-fluoro-6-pyrimidin-2-yl-benzoic acid methyl ester (1.36 g, 5.85 mmol) in 2-methyl-THF (20 mL) was added sodium hydroxide (2 M in water, 9.3 mL, 18.6 mmol). The mixture was heated to 72° C. and stirred for 9 h. The layers were separated and the aqueous layer acidified to pH 2 by dropwise addition of 50% HCl_((aq)) (3.1 mL). The resulting solids were stirred for 1 h, filtered, washed with water, MTBE, and heptanes, and then dried to provide the desired product as a white solid (1.12 g, 88% yield). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD): 8.83 (d, J=4.9 Hz, 2H), 8.03 (dd, J=7.9, 0.8 Hz, 1H), 7.59 (td, J=8.1, 5.6 Hz, 1H), 7.40 (t, J=4.9 Hz, 1H), 7.34 (ddd, J=9.4, 8.4, 1.0 Hz, 1H).

Intermediate 15: Hexahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester

Step A. 5-Benzyl-hexahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester. To a solution of 2-benzyl-octahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole (5.62 g, 27.8 mmol) in DCM (100 mL) was added (Boc)₂O (6.16 g, 28.2 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred for 24 hours at 23° C. The solvent was removed in vacuo and the resulting product was used in the next step without further purification. MS (ESI) mass calcd. for C₁₈H₂₆N₂O₂, 302.41; m/z found, 303.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): 7.36-7.20 (m, 5H), 3.61-3.46 (m, 4H), 3.24 (br s, 2H), 2.85-2.72 (m, 2H), 2.70-2.63 (m, 2H), 2.43-2.30 (m, 2H), 1.50-1.42 (s, 9H).

Step B: Hexahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester. 5-Benzyl-hexahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester (19.85 g, 65.6 mmol), MeOH (200 mL), HOAc (3 mL) and 10% Pd/C Degussa type (400 mg) were charged to a Parr shaker vial and shaken for 3 days at 70 psi hydrogen gas. The resulting material was filtered through Celite® and concentrated. The crude mixture was purified by flash column chromatography (FCC), DCM to 10% MeOH/DCM containing 1% NH₄OH, to afford the product. MS (ESI) mass calcd. for C₁₁H₂₀N₂O₂, 212.29; m/z found, 213.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): 3.60-3.55 (m, 2H), 3.38-3.25 (m, 4H), 2.95-2.86 (m, 4H), 1.47 (s, 9H).

Intermediate 16: (2-Fluoro-6-[1,2,3]triazol-2-yl-phenyl)-(hexahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2-yl)methanone

Method A:

Step A: 5-(2-Fluoro-6-[1,2,3]triazol-2-yl-benzoyl)-hexahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester. In a 3-neck round bottom 100 mL flask was added toluene (8.5 mL), aqueous sodium carbonate (1.42 g in 10.7 mL water), and Intermediate 15 (0.905 mg, 4.26 mmol). The biphasic mixture was cooled to 0° C. After cooling to 0° C., 2-fluoro-6-[1,2,3]triazol-2-yl-benzoyl chloride was poured over the stirring biphasic mixture of amine and aqueous sodium carbonate. An exotherm was observed. The mixture was allowed to warm to room temperature. After 1 h, a sample of the organic layer was quenched into methanol and a small amount of acid chloride was determined to remain (observed as its methyl ester). Additional amine (˜50 mg) was added and the mixture was stirred overnight at room temperature. At the end of this period, the layers were separated and 100 mL of methanol were added to the organic layer. The organic was concentrated and purified using flash column chromatography (FCC), gradient of 5-50% of a solution of 10% MeOH, 0.1% NH₄OH in DCM/DCM. The desired fractions were combined and concentrated to provide a white foamy solid (1.327 g, 76.8%). MS (ESI): mass calculated for C₂₀H₂₄FN₅O₃, 401.44, m/z found 346.2 [M+H-56]⁺. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): 7.91-7.73 (m, 3H), 7.53-7.39 (m, 1H), 7.18-7.06 (m, 1H), 4.00-2.76 (m, 10H), 1.52-1.33 (m, 9H).

Step B: (2-Fluoro-6-[1,2,3]triazol-2-yl-phenyl)-(hexahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2-yl)-methanone. 5-(2-Fluoro-6-[1,2,3]triazol-2-yl-benzoyl)-hexahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester (1.3 g, 3.21 mmol) was taken up in DCM (6.0 mL) and TFA (3.0 mL) was added. The mixture was allowed to stir at rt for 1 hr. Solvent was removed and then taken back up in DCM and basified with 1N aq. NaOH. The layers were separated. The aqueous was extracted 2 more time with DCM (and a small amount of MeOH). The organics were combined, dried (Na₂SO₄), filtered, and concentrated to provide the desired free base product, (2-fluoro-6-[1,2,3]triazol-2-yl-phenyl)-(hexahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2-yl)-methanone, as a viscous/foamy residue that was found to be very hydroscopic (950.6 mg, 93.3%). MS (ESI): mass calculated for C₁₅H₁₆FN₅O, 301.32, m/z found 302.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): 7.90-7.73 (m, 3H), 7.54-7.42 (m, 1H), 7.19-7.10 (m, 1H), 3.85-2.65 (m, 10H).

Method B:

Step A: 2-Fluoro-6-[1,2,3]triazol-2-yl-benzoic acid (0.97 g, 4.71 mmol), hexahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester (Intermediate 15, 1.0 g, 4.71 mmol), HATU (2.68 g, 7.06 mmol), in DMF (18.8 mL) was added DIEA (2.43 mL, 14.13 mmol). The mixture was stirred at rt for 1 hr. The mixture was diluted with EtOAc and washed with water. The aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc, the organic layers were combined, dried (Na₂SO₄), filtered and concentrated to provide the crude product. Purification (FCC) (5-50% of a solution 10% MeOH, 0.1% NH₄OH in DCM/EtOAc over 25 minutes, and 50-100% from 25-35 minutes) provided 5-(2-fluoro-6-[1,2,3]triazol-2-yl-benzoyl)-hexahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester (0.376 g, 19.5%).

Step B: (2-Fluoro-6-[1,2,3]triazol-2-yl-phenyl)-(hexahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2-yl)-methanone. The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Intermediate 16, Method A, Step B.

Intermediate 17: Biphenyl-2-yl-(hexahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2-yl)-methanone

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Intermediate 16, Method B, substituting biphenyl-2-carboxylic acid for 2-fluoro-6-[1,2,3]triazol-2-yl-benzoic acid in Step A.

Intermediate 18: [5-(2-Fluoro-phenyl)-2-methyl-thiazol-4-yl]-(hexahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2-yl)-methanone

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Intermediate 16, Method B, substituting 5-(2-fluoro-phenyl)-2-methyl-thiazole-4-carboxylic acid for 2-fluoro-6-[1,2,3]triazol-2-yl-benzoic acid in Step A. MS (ESI): mass calculated for C₁₇H₁₈FN₃OS, 331.41, m/z found 332.1 [M+1]⁺. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): 7.54-7.45 (m, 1H), 7.40-7.32 (m, 1H), 7.21-7.10 (m, 2H), 3.79-3.70 (m, 1H), 3.61-3.50 (m, 2H), 3.22-3.13 (m, 1H), 3.12-3.05 (m, 1H), 3.03-2.94 (m, 1H), 2.85-2.45 (m, 8H).

Intermediate 19: (Hexahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2-yl)-(5-methyl-2-[1,2,3]triazol-2-yl-phenyl)methanone

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Intermediate 16, Method B, substituting 5-methyl-2-[1,2,3]triazol-2-yl-benzoic acid for 2-fluoro-6-[1,2,3]triazol-2-yl-benzoic acid in Step A. MS (ESI): mass calculated for C₁₇H₁₉N₅O, 297.36, m/z found 298.2 [M+1]⁺. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): 7.88-7.76 (m, 3H), 7.36-7.29 (m, 1H), 7.22-7.18 (m, 1H), 3.81-2.59 (m, 10H), 2.42 (s, 3H).

Intermediate 20: 2(Hexahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2-yl)-(2-[1,2,3]triazol-2-yl-phenyl)-methanone

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Intermediate 16, Method B, substituting 2-[1,2,3]triazol-2-yl-benzoic acid for 2-fluoro-6-[1,2,3]triazol-2-yl-benzoic acid in Step A. MS (ESI): mass calculated for C₁₅H₁₇N₅O, 283.33, m/z found 284.1 [M+1]⁺. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): 7.99 (d, J=8.2, 1H), 7.55-7.51 (m, 1H), 7.48-7.36 (m, 2H), 3.99-2.42 (m, 1H H).

Intermediate 21: (5-Fluoro-2-[1,2,3]triazol-2-yl-phenyl)-(hexahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2-yl)-methanone

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Intermediate 16, Method B, substituting 5-fluoro-2-[1,2,3]triazol-2-yl-benzoic acid (Intermediate 97) for 2-fluoro-6-[1,2,3]triazol-2-yl-benzoic acid in Step A. MS (ESI): mass calculated for C₁₅H₁₆FN₅O, 301.32, m/z found 302.0 [M+1]⁺. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): 7.96 (dd, J=9.0, 4.8, 1H), 7.85-7.74 (m, 2H), 7.25-7.17 (m, 1H), 7.16-7.10 (m, 1H), 3.78-2.48 (m, 10H).

Intermediate 22: (4-Fluoro-2-[1,2,3]triazol-2-yl-phenyl)-(hexahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2-yl)methanone

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Intermediate 16, Method B, substituting 4-fluoro-2-[1,2,3]triazol-2-yl-benzoic acid for 2-fluoro-6-[1,2,3]triazol-2-yl-benzoic acid in Step A. MS (ESI): mass calculated for C₁₅H₁₆FN₅O, 301.32, m/z found 302.0 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): 7.90-7.72 (m, 3H), 7.43-7.35 (m, 1H), 7.17-7.08 (m, 1H), 3.81-3.62 (m, 2H), 3.39-2.56 (m, 8H).

Intermediate 23: 2-(4,6-Dimethyl-pyrimidin-2-yl)-octahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

Method A:

Step A: 5-(4,6-Dimethyl-pyrimidin-2-yl)-hexahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester. Hexahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester (1.20 g, 5.6 mmol), 2-chloro-4,6-dimethyl-pyrimidine (1.03 g, 7.2 mmol), Cs₂CO₃ (2.12 g, 6.5 mmol) and DMF (15 mL) were combined and heated to 100° C. for 24 hours. The reaction was then allowed to cool and water and EtOAc were added. The products were extracted into EtOAc, dried over Na₂SO₄, and concentrated. The resulting crude mixture was purified by flash column chromatography (EA/hex) to give the title compound (1.27 g, 71%). MS (ESI) mass calcd. for C₁₇H₂₆N₄O₂, 318.42; m/z found, 319.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): 6.25 (s, 1H), 3.85-3.75 (m, 2H), 3.69-3.46 (m, 4H), 3.38-3.20 (m, 2H), 2.94 (br s, 2H), 2.29 (s, 6H), 1.44 (s, 9H).

Step B: 2-(4,6-Dimethyl-pyrimidin-2-yl)-octahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole. 5-(4,6-Dimethyl-pyrimidin-2-yl)-hexahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester (0.92 g, 2.9 mmol), DCM (10 mL) and TFA (5 mL) were stirred at 23° C. for 2 h. The mixture was concentrated to remove the volatiles, diluted with EtOAc and 1N aq. NaOH, and extracted with EtOAc (3×). The organic fractions were dried and concentrated to give the title compound (0.61 g, 96%) that contained a small amount of DCM and was used as is. MS (ESI) mass calcd. for C₁₂H₁₈N₄, 218.30; m/z found, 219.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): 6.27 (s, 1H), 3.81-3.70 (m, 2H), 3.55-3.48 (m, 2H), 3.16-3.07 (m, 2H), 2.94-2.78 (m, 4H), 2.29 (s, 6H).

Method B:

Step A: 2-Benzyl-5-(4,6-di methyl-pyrimidin-2-yl)-octahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole. To a 3 L, 3-necked, round-bottomed flask equipped with mechanical stirrer, reflux condenser, temperature probe, and nitrogen inlet, was added 2-benzyl-octahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole (109 g, 538.8 mmol) in DMF (1.6 L). To the resulting solution were added 2-chloro-4,6-methylpyrimidine (76.8 g, 538.8 mmol) and Cs₂CO₃ (351.1 g, 1.08 mol). The heterogeneous mixture was heated to 100° C. and stirred for 15 h. After cooling to room temperature, the mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate (1.5 L) and water (1.5 L). The layers were thoroughly mixed and separated. The aqueous layer was extracted with additional ethyl acetate (1.5 L). The combined organics were dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure to a brown solid (160 g, 96% yield). MS (ESI) mass calcd. for C₁₉H₂₄N₄, 308.20; m/z found 309 [M+H]⁺. ¹H-NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃): 7.32-7.26 (m, 4H), 7.25-7.20 (m, 1H), 6.27 (s, 1H), 3.81-3.73 (m, 2H), 3.58 (s, 2H), 3.54 (dd, J=11.4, 3.5 Hz, 2H), 2.95-2.86 (m, 2H), 2.80-2.68 (m, 2H), 2.47-2.40 (m, 2H), 2.35-2.24 (s, 6H).

Step B: 2-(4,6-Dimethyl-pyrimidin-2-yl)-octahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole.HOAc. To a 4 L high pressure autoclave equipped with mechanical stirring, temperature probe, heating jacket, and gas inlet were added 5% Pd/C (66.9 g, Johnson Matthey 5R338, 56.8% H₂O, 3.45 mol %) and a solution of 2-benzyl-5-(4,6-dimethyl-pyrimidin-2-yl)-octahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole (160 g, 519 mmol) and acetic acid (30 mL, 519 mmol) in ethanol (3.2 L). The mixture was stirred at 50° C. under 50 psi of H_(2(g)) for 4 h. The catalyst was removed and the resulting solution was then concentrated under reduced pressure to provide the desired product as a white solid (144 g, quantitative yield) as the HOAc salt. MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₂H₁₈N₄, 218.15; m/z found 219 [M+H]⁺. ¹H-NMR (CDCl₃, 400 MHz): 6.30 (s, 1H), 3.79-3.59 (m, 4H), 3.39 (m, 2H), 3.09-2.88 (m, 4H), 2.29 (s, 6H), 1.93 (s, 3H).

Intermediate 24: [4-(Hexahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2-yl)-6-methoxy-pyrimidin-2-yl]-dimethyl-amine

Step A: Intermediate 24 was prepared in a manner analogous to Intermediate 23, Method A, substituting (4-chloro-6-methoxy-pyrimidin-2-yl)-dimethyl-amine for 2-chloro-4,6-dimethyl-pyrimidine in Step A to afford 5-(2-dimethylamino-6-methoxy-pyrimidin-4-yl)-hexahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester.

Step B: [4-(Hexahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2-yl)-6-methoxy-pyrimidin-2-yl]-dimethyl-amine. A mixture of 5-(2-dimethylamino-6-methoxy-pyrimidin-4-yl)-hexahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester (700 mg) and TFA (10 mL) was stirred in dioxane (30 mL) at room temperature for 18 h. Then the acid and solvents were removed to yield the crude trifluoro acetic acid salt of the title compound (1.3 g). The crude was purified by flash column chromatography (FCC) using 0-10% MeOH (2 M NH₃) and DCM (gradient) to yield pure title compound (155 mg, 30.4%). MS (ESI) mass calcd. for C₁₃H₂₁N₅O, 263.34; m/z found 264.1 [M+H]⁺. The intermediate was used without further purification.

Intermediate 25: [6-(Hexahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2-yl)-2-trifluoromethyl-pyrimidin-4-yl]-dimethyl-amine

Step A: The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Intermediate 23, Method A, substituting (6-chloro-2-trifluoromethyl-pyrimidin-4-yl)-dimethyl-amine for 2-chloro-4,6-dimethyl-pyrimidine in Step A to afford 5-(6-dimethylamino-2-trifluoromethyl-pyrimidin-4-yl)-hexahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester.

Step B: [6-(Hexahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2-yl)-2-trifluoromethyl-pyrimidin-4-yl]-dimethyl-amine. A mixture of 5-(6-dimethylamino-2-trifluoromethyl-pyrimidin-4-yl)-hexahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester (600 mg) and TFA (10.0 mL) was stirred in dioxane (30.0 mL) at room temperature for 18 h. Then the acid and solvents were removed to yield the crude trifluoro acetic acid salt of the title compound (800 mg, 165%). The crude was purified by flash column chromatography (FCC) using 0-10% MeOH (2M NH₃) and DCM (gradient) to yield pure title compound (260 mg, 53.5%). MS (ESI) mass calcd. for C₁₃H₁₈F₃N₅, 301.32; m/z found 302.2 [M+H]⁺. The intermediate was used as such in the subsequent reactions.

Intermediate 26: 2-(4-Phenyl-pyrimidin-2-yl)-octahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Intermediate 23, Method A, substituting 2-chloro-4-phenyl-pyrimidine for 2-chloro-4,6-dimethyl-pyrimidine in Step A. MS (ESI) mass calcd. for C₂₉H₂₆N₄O, 266.35; m/z found, 267.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD): 6.78-6.70 (m, 1H), 6.55-6.49 (m, 2H), 5.97-5.82 (m, 3H), 5.60-5.47 (m, 1H), 2.30-2.20 (m, 2H), 2.02 (dd, J=11.6, 2.6 Hz, 2H), 1.58 (br s, 2H), 1.42 (br s, 2H), 1.23 (br s, 2H).

Intermediate 27: 2-(4-Methyl-pyrimidin-2-yl)-octahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Intermediate 23, Method A, substituting 2-chloro-4-methyl-pyrimidine for 2-chloro-4,6-dimethyl-pyrimidine in Step A. MS (ESI) mass calcd. for C₁₁H₁₆N₄, 204.28; m/z found, 205.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): 8.20-8.12 (m, 1H), 8.16 (d, J=5.0 Hz, 1H), 6.43-6.33 (m, 1H), 6.38 (d, J=5.0 Hz, 1H), 3.81-3.69 (m, 2H), 3.52 (dd, J=11.6, 3.2 Hz, 2H), 3.16 (dd, J=11.1, 6.5 Hz, 2H), 2.97-2.77 (m, 5H), 2.33 (s, 3H).

Intermediate 28: 2-(Hexahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2-yl)-benzooxazole

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Intermediate 23, Method A, substituting 2-chloro-benzooxazole for 2-chloro-4,6-dimethyl-pyrimidine in Step A. MS (ESI) mass calcd. for C₁₁H₁₆N₄, 229.28; m/z found, 230.15 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): 7.43-7.33 (m, 1H), 7.29-7.22 (m, 1H), 7.120-7.13 (m, 1H), 7.05-6.98 (m, 1H), 3.89-3.77 (m, 2H), 3.55 (dd, J=10.9, 3.2 Hz, 2H), 3.25-3.15 (m, 2H), 3.02-2.90 (m, 2H), 2.88-2.79 (m, 2H).

Intermediate 29: 2-(Hexahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2-yl)-3-methyl-quinoxaline

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Intermediate 23 substituting 2-chloro-3-methyl-quinoxaline for 2-chloro-4,6-dimethyl-pyrimidine in Step A. MS (ESI) mass calcd. for C₁₅H₁₈N₄, 254.34; m/z found, 255.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD): 7.78 (dd, J=8.2, 1.1 Hz, 1H), 7.73 (dd, J=8.3, 0.9 Hz, 1H), 7.59-7.54 (m, 1H), 7.48-7.43 (m, 1H), 3.78-3.69 (m, 2H), 3.58 (dd, J=11.0, 3.1 Hz, 2H), 3.18-3.12 (m, 2H), 2.99-2.90 (m, 2H), 2.81 (dd, J=11.6, 4.0 Hz, 2H), 2.75 (s, 3H).

Intermediate 30: 2-(Hexahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2-yl)-3-trifluoromethyl-quinoxaline

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Intermediate 23 substituting 2-chloro-3-trifluoromethyl-quinoxaline for 2-chloro-4,6-dimethyl-pyrimidine in Step A. MS (ESI) mass calcd. for C₁₅H₁₅F₃N₄, 308.31; m/z found, 309.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD): 8.00-7.89 (m, 1H), 7.83-7.70 (m, 2H), 7.60-7.52 (m, 1H), 3.81-3.73 (m, 2H), 3.61 (dd, J=11.3, 3.0 Hz, 2H), 3.18-3.13 (m, 2H), 2.99-2.92 (m, 2H), 2.78 (dd, J=11.6, 4.1 Hz, 2H).

Intermediate 31: 2-(6-Methyl-2-trifluoromethyl-pyrimidin-4-yl)-octahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Intermediate 23 substituting 4-chloro-6-methyl-2-trifluoromethyl-pyrimidine for 2-chloro-4,6-dimethyl-pyrimidine in Step A. MS (ESI) mass calcd. for C₁₂H₁₅F₃N₄, 272.27; m/z found, 273.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD): 6.48 (s, 1H), 3.90-3.24 (m, 4H), 3.20-3.10 (m, 2H), 3.00 (br s, 2H), 2.82-2.75 (m, 2H), 2.39 (s, 3H).

Intermediate 32: 2-(4-Methoxy-pyrimidin-2-yl)-octahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Intermediate 23 substituting 2-chloro-4-methoxy-pyrimidine for 2-chloro-4,6-dimethyl-pyrimidine in Step A. MS (ESI): mass calculated for C₁₁H₁₆N₄O, 220.27, m/z found 221.2 [M+1]⁺. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD): 8.00 (d, J=6.0, 1H), 6.12 (d, J=6.0, 1H), 4.23 (s, 1H), 3.94 (s, 3H), 3.84-3.75 (m, 2H), 3.70-3.59 (m, 4H), 3.28-3.15 (m, 4H).

Intermediate 33: 2-(4-Trifluoromethyl-pyrimidin-2-yl)-octahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Intermediate 24, substituting 2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-pyrimidine for 2-chloro-4,6-dimethyl-pyrimidine in Step A. MS (ESI): mass calculated for C₁₁H₁₃F₃N₄, 258.25. m/z found 259.1 [M+1]⁺. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): 8.52 (d, J=4.9, 1H), 6.88-6.83 (m, 1H), 3.94-3.54 (m, 6H), 3.29-3.11 (m, 4H).

Intermediate 34: 2-(3,6-Dimethyl-pyrazin-2-yl)-octahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Intermediate 23 substituting 3-chloro-2,5-dimethyl-pyrazine for 2-chloro-4,6-dimethyl-pyrimidine in Step A. MS (ESI): mass calculated for C₁₂H₁₈N₄, 218.30, m/z found 219.2 [M+1]⁺. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): 10.13-9.85 (m, 1H), 7.89 (s, 1H), 3.71-3.40 (m, 6H), 3.17 (s, 4H), 2.54 (s, 3H), 2.39 (s, 3H).

Intermediate 35: 2-(Hexahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2-yl)-quinoxaline

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Intermediate 23 substituting 2-chloro-quinoxaline for 2-chloro-4,6-dimethyl-pyrimidine in Step A. MS (ESI): mass calculated for C₁₄H₁₆N₄, 240.31, m/z found 241.2 [M+1]⁺. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): 8.39-8.34 (m, 1H), 7.91-7.84 (m, 1H), 7.72-7.66 (m, 1H), 7.60-7.53 (m, 1H), 7.40-7.32 (m, 1H), 3.95-3.80 (m, 2H), 3.65-3.52 (m, 2H), 3.27-3.11 (m, 2H), 3.08-2.94 (m, 2H), 2.92-2.82 (m, 2H).

Intermediate 36: [4-(Hexahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2-yl)-6-trifluoromethyl-pyrimidin-2-yl]-dimethyl-amine

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Intermediate 23 substituting (4-chloro-6-trifluoromethyl-pyrimidin-2-yl)-dimethyl-amine for 2-chloro-4,6-dimethyl-pyrimidine in Step A. MS (ESI): mass calculated for C₃₄H₁₈F₃N₅, 301.32, m/z found 302.1 [M+1]⁺. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): 5.92 (s, 1H), 3.91-3.54 (m, 2H), 3.50-3.24 (m, 2H), 3.21-3.05 (m, 9H), 2.99-2.75 (m, 4H).

Intermediate 37: (Hexahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2-yl)-(2-thiophen-2-yl-phenyl)-methanone

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Intermediate 16, Method B, substituting 2-thiophen-2-yl-benzoic acid for 2-fluoro-6-[1,2,3]triazol-2-yl-benzoic acid in Step A. MS (ESI): mass calculated for C₁₇H₁₈N₂OS, 298.41, m/z found 299.1 [M+1]⁺. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): 7.55-7.50 (m, 1H), 7.48-7.31 (m, 4H), 7.22-7.11 (m, 1H), 7.08-7.03 (m, 1H), 4.06-1.63 (m, 10H).

Intermediate 38: (2,4-Dimethoxy-phenyl)-(hexahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2-yl)-methanone

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Intermediate 16, Method B, substituting 2,4-dimethoxybenzoic acid for 2-fluoro-6-[1,2,3]triazol-2-yl-benzoic acid and substituting EDCl for HATU in Step A.

Intermediate 39: 2-(4,6-Dimethoxy-pyrimidin-2-yl)-octahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Intermediate 23 utilizing 2-chloro-4,6-dimethoxypyrimidine and hexahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester as starting materials.

Intermediate 40: 6-Chloro-2-(hexahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2-yl)-benzothiazole

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Intermediate 23 utilizing 2,6-dichloro-benzothiazole and hexahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester as starting materials.

Intermediate 41: (2,6-Dimethoxy-phenyl)-(hexahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2-yl)-methanone

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Intermediate 16, Method B, substituting 2,6-dimethoxybenzoic acid for 2-fluoro-6-[1,2,3]triazol-2-yl-benzoic acid in Step A.

Intermediate 42: 2-(4,5,6-trimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Intermediate 23 substituting 2-chloro-4,5,6-trimethylpyrimidine (Intermediate 56) for 2-chloro-4,6-dimethylpyrimidine in Step A. MS (ESI): mass calculated for C₂₄H₂₅FN₆O, 232.17; m/z found 233.1 [M+H]⁺.

Intermediate 43: 6-Fluoro-2-(hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl)quinazoline

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Intermediate 23 substituting 2-chloro-6-fluoroquinazoline for 2-chloro-4,6-dimethylpyrimidine in Step A. MS (ESI): mass calculated for C₂₄H₂₅FN₆O, 258.13; m/z found 259.1 [M+H]⁺.

Intermediate 44: 6,7-Difluoro-2-(hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl)quinoxaline

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Intermediate 23 substituting 2-chloro-6,7-difluoroquinoxaline for 2-chloro-4,6-dimethylpyrimidine in Step A. MS (ESI): mass calculated for C₂₄H₂₅FN₆O, 276.12; m/z found 277.1 [M+H]⁺.

Intermediate 45: 2-(4,6-Dimethoxypyrimidin-2-yl)octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Intermediate 23 substituting 2-chloro-4,6-dimethoxypyrimidine for 2-chloro-4,6-dimethylpyrimidine in Step A. MS (ESI): mass calculated for C₁₂H₁₈N₄O₂, 250.14; m/z found 251.2 [M+H]⁺.

Intermediate 46: 2-(5-Nitropyrimidin-2-yl)octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Intermediate 23 substituting 2-chloro-5-nitropyrimidine for 2-chloro-4,6-dimethylpyrimidine in Step A. MS (ESI): mass calculated for C₁₀H₁₃N₅O₂, 235.11; m/z found 236.2 [M+H]⁺.

Intermediate 47: Methyl 2-(hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidine-5-carboxylate

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Intermediate 23 substituting methyl 2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidine-5-carboxylate for 2-chloro-4,6-dimethylpyrimidine in Step A. MS (ESI): mass calculated for C₁₃H₁₅F₃N₄O₂, 316.11; m/z found 317.2 [M+H]⁺.

Intermediate 48: (5-(4-Fluorophenyl)-2-methylthiazol-4-yl)(hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl)methanone

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Intermediate 16, Method B, substituting 5-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-methylthiazole-4-carboxylic acid for 3-fluoro-2-[1,2,3]triazol-2-yl-benzoic acid in the last step. MS (ESI): mass calculated for C₁₂H₁₈N₁₄, 218.30, m/z found 219.2 [M+1]⁺.

Intermediate 49: 2-(Hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl)-6-methylpyrimidine-4-carbonitrile

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Intermediate 23 substituting methyl 2-chloro-6-methylpyrimidine-4-carbonitrile for 2-chloro-4,6-dimethylpyrimidine in Step A. MS (ESI): mass calculated for C₁₂H₁₆N₆, 229.3; m/z found 230.2 [M+H]⁺.

Intermediate 50: 3-Fluoro-2-(pyrimidin-2-yl)benzoic acid

Step A: 3-Fluoro-2-(pyrimidin-2-yl)benzonitrile. 2-Iodo-3-fluorobenzonitrile (2.5 g, 10.3 mmol) and 2-tributylstannane pyrimidine (3.7 g, 10.0 mmol) were combined and dissolved in degassed DME (18 ml) then purged with bubbling N₂ for 5 minutes. The reaction was treated with Pd(PPh₃)₄ (577 mg, 0.5 mmol) and then purged with bubbling for 5 minutes in a sealed vessel and then heated in microwave at 160° C. for 90 min. The reaction was cooled and filtered through celite and concentrated to minimum volume and the ppt the formed was diluted with hexanes (40 ml) and cooled to 0° C. then filtered. The solid purified (FCC) (20-100% EA/hex) to give 3-fluoro-2-(pyrimidin-2-yl)benzonitrile. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): 8.93 (d, J=4.9 Hz, 2H), 8.14 (dd, J=9.6, 2.7 Hz, 1H), 7.86 (dd, J=8.6, 5.3 Hz, 1H), 7.36 (t, J=4.9 Hz, 1H), 7.32-7.24 (m, 1H).

Step B: 3-Fluoro-2-(pyrimidin-2-yl)benzoic acid. 3-Fluoro-2-(pyrimidin-2-yl)benzonitrile (98 mg, 0.5 mmol) was dissolved in MeOH (3 mL) and 2M NaOH (aq, 1 mL). The reaction was heated at reflux for 15 h, then cooled to 23° C., acidified with 1N aq. HCl to pH=1 and extracted with EtOAc (2×). The combined organics were washed with brine and dried over sodium sulfate to give the title compound. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 8.89 (d, J=4.9 Hz, 1H), 7.74 (dd, J=7.6, 1.2 Hz, 1H), 7.63 (td, J=8.0, 5.5 Hz, 1H), 7.60-7.53 (m, 1H), 7.52 (t, J=4.9 Hz, 1H).

Intermediate 51: 5-Fluoro-2-(1H-pyrazol-5-yl)benzoic acid

Step A: Methyl 2-bromo-5-fluorobenzoate (1.0 g, 4.2 mmol) and (1H-pyrazol-5-yl)boronic acid (485 mg, 4.6 mmol) were combined and dissolved in degassed DME (15 ml) then treated with NaHCO₃ (706 mg, 8.4 mmol) in water and the reaction purged with bubbling N₂ for 5 minutes. The reaction was treated with Pd(PPh₃)₄ (243 mg (0.2 mmol) and then purged with bubbling for 5 minutes in a sealed vessel and then heated to reflux for 2 h. The reaction mixture was cooled to 23° C., filtered, and solid rinsed with EtOAc. The organic layers were separated, dried and concentrated. Purification via FCC (ethyl acetate/hexanes, 0-30%) afforded methyl 5-fluoro-2-(1H-pyrazol-5-yl)benzoate (415 mg, 44%).

Step B: A solution of methyl 5-fluoro-2-(1H-pyrazol-5-yl)benzoate (415 mg, 1.9 mmol) in EtOH (10 ml) was treated with 4.0 eq of LiOH and stirred and monitored for two hours until the reaction was complete. The reaction mixture was then made to pH=5, and then the solution concentrated under reduced pressure, during which time a ppt formed. The solution was concentrated to minimum volume and cooled in ice, filtered and washed with ice water to give 5-fluoro-2-(1H-pyrazol-5-yl)benzoic acid (172 mg, 44%). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 13.03 (s, 1H), 7.71 (d, J=2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.67 (dd, J=8.3, 5.6 Hz, 1H), 7.37 (td, J=8.6, 2.9 Hz, 2H), 6.44 (d, J=2.2 Hz, 1H).

Intermediate 52: 3-Fluoro-2-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)benzoic acid

Step A: 3-Fluoro-2-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)benzonitrile and 3-fluoro-2-(1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)benzonitrile. A mixture of 2,3-difluorobenzonitrile (4.0 g, 28.8 mmol), 2H-1,2,3-triazole (1.9 g, 28.8 mmol) in DMF (85.0 mL) and K₂CO₃ (7.9 g, 57.5 mmol) were heated to 125° C. for 1.5 h. After cooling to rt, water was added and the mixture extracted with EtOAc (2×). The combined organics were washed with brine and dried (Na₂SO₄). Purification via FCC (10-100% EtOAc in hexanes) gave two products. 3-Fluoro-2-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)benzonitrile (1.6 g, 29%), ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): 7.99 (s, J=6.6 Hz, 2H), 7.67-7.63 (m, 1H), 7.61-7.53 (m, 2H), 7.26 (s, 6H) and 3-fluoro-2-(1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)benzonitrile (2.0 g, 38%) ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): 7.97 (dd, J=4.4, 2.8 Hz, 1H), 7.95 (d, J=1.2 Hz, 1H), 7.70 (tt, J=5.7, 2.8 Hz, 1H), 7.65 (td, J=8.1, 4.9 Hz, 1H), 7.62-7.57 (m, 1H).

Step B: 3-Fluoro-2-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)benzoic acid. To 3-fluoro-2-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)benzonitrile (1.5 g, 8.0 mmol) in MeOH (30 mL) was added 2M aq. NaOH (10 mL). The reaction was heated at reflux for 15 h, then cooled to rt, acidified with 1N aq. HCl to pH=1 and extracted with DCM (2×). The combined organics were washed with brine and dried (Na₂SO₄). Purification via Agilent (Reverse-Phase HPLC, basic conditions) gave the title compound (290 mg, 18%). ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): 7.90 (s, 2H), 7.89-7.85 (m, 1H), 7.63-7.56 (m, 1H), 7.50-7.44 (m, 1H) and 3-methoxy-2-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)benzoic acid (Intermediate 53, 140 mg, 8%).

Intermediate 53: 3-Methoxy-2-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)benzoic acid

The title compound was obtained during the synthesis of Intermediate 52, Step B. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): 7.92-7.83 (m, 2H), 7.66 (dd, J=7.9, 1.3 Hz, 1H), 7.61-7.54 (m, 1H), 7.27 (dd, J=8.4, 1.2 Hz, 1H), 3.82 (s, 3H).

Intermediate 54: 4-Methoxy-2-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)benzoic acid

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Intermediate 12, substituting 2-bromo-4-methoxybenzoic acid for 5-fluoro-2-iodo-benzoic acid in Step A. Upon purification, two fractions were obtained, one containing pure 4-methoxy-2-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)benzoic acid (¹H NMR (CDCl₃): 7.99-7.90 (m, 1H), 7.83 (s, 2H), 7.20 (d, J=2.5 Hz, 1H), 7.03 (dd, J=8.8, 2.6 Hz, 1H), 3.89 (s, J=17.6 Hz, 3H), and the other containing a mixture of 4-methoxy-2-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)benzoic acid and 4-methoxy-2-(1H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)benzoic acid.

Intermediate 55: 2-Chloro-5-fluoro-4-methylpyrimidine

To a solution of 2,4-dichloro-5-fluoropyrimidine (1.02 g, 6.08 mmol) in THF/NMP (38 mL/3 mL) was added Fe(acac)₃ (215 mg, 0.61 mmol) and the mixture was cooled to 0° C. 3.0 M methylmagnesium bromide in Et₂O (3.04 mL, 9.12 mmol) was added dropwise. After 30 min at 0° C., the reaction was complete and quenched with saturated aqueous NH₄Cl solution. Et₂O was added and the layers were separated and the aqueous layer was further extracted with several portions of Et₂O. The combined organic extracts were dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. Chromatography (Hexanes to 10% EtOAc/Hexanes) gave the desired product as a waxy white solid (430 mg, 48%). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): 8.35 (s, 1H), 2.55 (d, J=2.5 Hz, 3H).

Intermediate 56: 2-Chloro-4,5,6-trimethylpyrimidine

To 4,5,6-trimethylpyrimidin-2-ol (3.69 g, 26.7 mmol) was added POCl₃ (21.7 mL, 26.7 mmol) followed by Et₂NPh (2.17 mL, 13.6 mmol) dropwise. The mixture was heated at reflux for 48 h and then added to ice dropwise. The aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc (2×). Extraction was difficult due to a large amount of precipitate. The aqueous layer pH was adjusted to pH 4-5 with 28% NH₄OH and was filtered through Celite®. The aqueous layer was then extracted with DCM and the combined organic extracts dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated in vacuo to a yellow solid. Chromatography (FCC) (0 to 30% EtOAc/Hex) afforded 2-chloro-4,5,6-trimethylpyrimidine (4.26 g, 100%).

Intermediate 57: 2-Chloro-4,5-dimethylpyrimidine

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Intermediate 55, substituting 2,4-dichloro-5-methylpyrimidine for 2,4-dichloro-5-fluoropyrimidine. MS (ESI): mass calculated for C₆H₇ClN₂, 142.03, m/z found 143.1 [M+1]⁺. ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃): 8.32-8.25 (m, 1H), 2.52-2.46 (m, 3H), 2.28-2.22 (m, 3H).

Intermediate 58: 2-(5-(2-Fluoro-6-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)benzoyl)hexahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl)-6-methylpyrimidin-4-yl trifluoromethanesulfonate

To a solution of 2-[5-{[2-fluoro-6-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl]-6-methylpyrimidin-4-ol (1.02 g, 2.5 mmol) in THF (12 mL) was added 1.0 M KOtBu in THF (5 mL, 5 mmol) followed by N-phenylbis(trifluoromethanesulfonimide) (0.893 g, 2.5 mmol). The mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight and then diluted with 2 M aq. K₂CO₃ solution and the layers separated. The aqueous layer was extracted with DCM and the combined organic layers were dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure. Chromatography (FCC, Hexanes to 100% EtOAc) afforded the desired product (1.07 g, 79%) plus a small amount of 2-{[2-fluoro-6-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}-5-(4-methoxy-6-methylpyrimidin-2-yl)octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole (55 mg, 5%) due to residual MeOH in the pyrimidine starting material. MS (ESI): mass calculated for C₂₁H₁₉F₄N₇O₄S, 541.12, m/z found 542.1 [M+1]⁺.

Intermediate 59: tert-Butyl 5-{[2-(4H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole-2(1H)-carboxylate

To a solution of Intermediate 15 (1.0 g, 4.73 mmol) in DCM (24 mL) was added 2-(4H-[1,2,4]triazol-3-yl)-benzoic acid (895 mg, 4.73 mmol) followed by EDCl (1.36 g, 7.09 mmol), HOBt (959 mg, 7.09 mmol) and TEA (1.97 mL, 14.19 mmol). The mixture was stirred for 14 h at room temperature and then washed 2× with saturated aqueous NH₄Cl solution. The organic layer was dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. Chromatography (DCM to 8% 2M NH₃ in MeOH/DCM) afforded the desired product as a pale yellow foam (1.36 g, 75%). MS (ESI): mass calculated for C₂₀H₂₅N₅O₃, 383.45, m/z found 384.1 [M+1]⁺. ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃): 12.62 (s, 1H), 8.19-8.03 (m, 2H), 7.56-7.44 (m, 2H), 7.39-7.32 (m, 1H), 3.96-2.72 (m, 10H), 1.53-1.35 (m, 9H).

Intermediate 60: tert-Butyl 5-{[2-(1-methyl-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole-2(1H)-carboxylate

To a heterogeneous mixture of NaH (60% dispersion in mineral oil, 80 mg, 2 mmol) in DMF (4 mL) was added Intermediate 59 (641 mg, 1.67 mmol) in DMF (4 mL). 30 min after gas evolution had ceased methyliodide (0.115 mL, 1.84 mmol) was added dropwise. The mixture was diluted with H₂O and extracted with EtOAc. The combined organic extracts were dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. Chromatography (DCM to 8% 2 M NH₃ in MeOH/DCM) afforded two products, tert-butyl 5-{[2-(1-methyl-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole-2(1H)-carboxylate (120 mg, 18%) and tert-butyl 5-{[2-(1-methyl-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole-2(1H)-carboxylate (454 mg, 68%) due to the tautomeric nature of the 1,2,4-triazole moiety. MS (ESI): mass calculated for C₂₁H₂₇N₅O₃, 397.21, m/z found 398.2 [M+1]⁺. ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃): 7.90 (s, 1H), 7.61-7.41 (m, 4H), 3.83 (s, 3H), 3.74-3.36 (m, 5H), 3.29-3.12 (m, 3H), 2.88-2.75 (m, 2H), 1.47 (s, 9H).

Intermediate 61: tert-Butyl 5-{[2-(1-methyl-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole-2(1H)-carboxylate

The title compound was isolated from the synthesis of Intermediate 60. MS (ESI): mass calculated for C₂₁H₂₇N₅O₃, 397.21, m/z found 398.2 [M+1]⁺. ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃): 8.15-8.07 (m, 1H), 8.03 (s, 1H), 7.49-7.40 (m, 2H), 7.37-7.29 (m, 1H), 3.97-3.86 (m, 3H), 3.86-3.27 (m, 6H), 3.18-2.73 (m, 4H), 1.54-1.36 (m, 9H).

Intermediate 62: tert-Butyl 5-{[2-(3-methyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole-2(1H)-carboxylate

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Intermediate 59 substituting 2-(3-methyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)benzoic acid for 2-(4H-[1,2,4]triazol-3-yl)-benzoic acid. MS (ESI) mass calculated for C₂₁H₂₆N₄O₄, 398.20; m/z found, 399.2. ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃): 8.12 (d, J=7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.63 (td, J=7.6 Hz, 1.2 Hz, 1H), 7.55 (td, J=7.7 Hz, 1.3 Hz, 1H), 7.42 (d, J=7.5 Hz, 1H), 3.97-3.86 (m, 1H), 3.76-3.61 (m, 2H), 3.56-3.33 (m, 3H), 3.29-3.15 (m, 1H), 3.08-2.93 (m, 2H), 2.90-2.82 (m, 1H), 2.45 (s, 3H), 1.51-1.41 (m, 9H).

Intermediate 63: 3-Fluoro-2-(3-methyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)benzoic acid

Method A:

Step A: 2-Fluoro-6-(methoxycarbonyl)benzoic acid. 3-Fluorophthalic anhydride (377 mg, 2.27 mmol) was dissolved in MeOH (6 mL) and heated to reflux for 15 h. The mixture was concentrated in vacuo and the two products (400 mg, 89%), 2-fluoro-6-(methoxycarbonyl)benzoic acid and 3-fluoro-2-(methoxycarbonyl)benzoic acid, were taken on to the next step without purification.

Step B: (Z)-Methyl 2-((((1-aminoethylidene)amino)oxy)carbonyl)-3-fluorobenzoate. To a heterogeneous mixture of the two acids from step A (400 mg, 2 mmol) at 0° C. in DCM (5 mL) was added oxalyl chloride (0.244 mL, 2.32 mmol) followed by DMF (0.05 mL). Gas evolution commenced immediately and after 5 min the ice bath was removed. When gas evolution had ceased and the mixture was homogeneous an aliquot was removed and quenched with MeOH. Formation of the methyl ester was confirmed by HPLC and the mixture was concentrated in vacuo. The viscous liquid was dissolved in fresh DCM (5 mL) and treated with solid N-hydroxyacetamidine (165 mg, 2.22 mmol) in several portions followed by TEA (0.351 mL, 2.52 mmol). After stirring for 14 h at ambient temperature the mixture was concentrated in vacuo. Chromatography (Hex to 100% EtOAc/Hex) afforded two products (477 mg, 94%), (Z)-methyl 2-((((1-aminoethylidene)amino)oxy)carbonyl)-3-fluorobenzoate and (Z)-methyl 2-((((1-aminoethylidene)amino)oxy)carbonyl)-6-fluorobenzoate, which were taken on to the next step as a mixture. MS (ESI) mass calculated for C₁₁H₁₁FN₂O₄, 254.07; m/z found, 255.0.

Step C: 3-Fluoro-2-(3-methyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)benzoic acid. To the mixture of products from Step B (477 mg, 1.88 mmol) in t-BuOH (9 mL) was added NaOAc (156 mg, 1.88 mmol). The mixture was heated at 90° C. for 50 h and then concentrated in vacuo. This resulted in four products. The residue was dissolved in 1M aq. K₂CO₃ and extracted with DCM to isolate methyl 2-fluoro-6-(3-methyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)benzoate and methyl 3-fluoro-2-(3-methyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)benzoate along with unreacted (Z)-methyl 2-((((1-aminoethylidene)amino)oxy)carbonyl)-3-fluorobenzoate. The aqueous layer was then acidified with concentrated HCl and extracted with DCM. The combined organic layers from this extraction were dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The acid isomers were purified on a Prep Agilent system with a XBridge C₁₈ OBD 50×100 mm column eluting with 5 to 99% 0.05% NH₄OH in H₂O/ACN over 17 min to afford the desired product (63 mg, 15%) as a white solid after acidification with 1M aq. HCl in Et₂O. MS (ESI) mass calculated for C₁₀H₇FN₂O₃, 222.04; m/z found, 223.0.

Method B:

Step A: (Z)—N′-((2-Fluoro-6-iodobenzoyl)oxy)acetimidamide. To a heterogeneous mixture of 2-fluoro-6-iodobenzoic acid (1.51 g, 5.66 mmol) at 0° C. in DCM (28 mL) was added oxalyl chloride (0.635 mL, 7.36 mmol) followed by DMF (0.15 mL). Gas evolution commenced immediately and after 5 min the ice bath was removed. When gas evolution had ceased and the mixture was homogeneous an aliquot was removed and quenched with MeOH. Formation of the methyl ester was confirmed by HPLC and the mixture was concentrated in vacuo. The viscous liquid was dissolved in fresh DCM (28 mL) and treated with solid N-hydroxyacetamidine (503 mg, 6.79 mmol) in several portions followed by TEA (1.2 mL, 8.49 mmol) at 0° C. After stirring for 14 h at ambient temperature the mixture was washed with saturated aqueous NaHCO₃ solution. The combined organic extracts were dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. Chromatography (Hex to 100% EtOAc/Hex) afforded the desired product as a colorless oil (1.57 g, 86%). MS (ESI) mass calculated for C₉H₈FIN₂O₂, 321.96; m/z found, 323.0. ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃): 7.70-7.65 (m, 1H), 7.15-7.11 (m, 2H), 4.87 (br s, 2H), 2.06 (s, 3H).

Step B: 5-(2-Fluoro-6-iodophenyl)-3-methyl-1,2,4-oxadiazole. To a heterogeneous mixture of the product of Step A in t-BuOH (24 mL) was added NaOAc (603 mg, 7.27 mmol) in H₂O (0.9 mL). The mixture was then heated to 110° C. for 12 days. The reaction was concentrated in vacuo and then dissolved in toluene. The toluene was then filtered to remove NaOAc and then concentrated in vacuo. Chromatography (Hex to 40% EtOAc/Hex) afforded the desired product as a colorless oil (1.21 g, 82%). MS (ESI) mass calculated for C₉H₆FIN₂O, 303.95; m/z found, 304.9. 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃): 7.82-7.77 (m, 1H), 7.29-7.20 (m, 2H), 2.55 (s, 3H).

Step C: 3-Fluoro-2-(3-methyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)benzoic acid. To THF (15 mL) was added 2 M i-PrMgCl in THF (2.2 mL, 4.47 mmol). This mixture was cooled to −78° C. and the product of Step B (1.09 g, 3.58 mmol) was added dropwise in THF (20 mL). The mixture was stirred for 30 min at −78° C. and then CO₂ from a lecture bottle was bubbled into the solution for 3 h while allowing the temperature to slowly rise. When the temperature reached −20° C. the dry ice bath was replaced with an ice bath, bubbling of CO₂ was ceased and the mixture was allowed to come to room temperature overnight. The mixture was quenched by the addition of H₂O and a small amount of Et₂O. The organic layer was washed 2× with 2N aq. NaOH and the combined aqueous layers were then washed 3× with Et₂O. The aqueous layer was then acidified with concentrated HCl and extracted with DCM. The combined organic layers were dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated in vacuo to afford the desired product as a white solid (661 mg, 83%). MS (ESI) mass calculated for C₁₀H₇FN₂O₃, 222.04; m/z found, 223.0. ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃): 7.96 (d, J=7.8, 1H), 7.72-7.64 (m, 1H), 7.50-7.44 (m, 1H), 2.56-2.48 (m, 3H).

Intermediate 64: 2-Fluoro-6-(3-methyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)benzoic acid

The title compound was isolated from the synthesis of Intermediate 63, Method A. MS (ESI) mass calculated for C₁₀H₇FN₂O₃, 222.04; m/z found, 223.0. ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃): 7.89 (d, J=7.7, 1H), 7.65-7.59 (m, 1H), 7.44-7.38 (m, 1H), 2.50 (s, 3H).

Intermediate 65: 2,5-Dichloro-4-methylpyrimidine

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Intermediate 55, substituting 2,4,5-trichloropyrimidine for 2,4-dichloro-5-fluoropyrimidine. ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃): 8.47 (s, 1H), 2.61 (s, 3H).

Intermediate 66: 2,5-Dichloro-4,6-dimethylpyrimidine

To 5-chloro-4,6-dimethylpyrimidin-2-ol (992 mg, 6.26 mmol) was added POCl₃ (2.22 mL, 23.77 mmol) followed by Et₂NPh (0.75 mL, 4.69 mmol) dropwise. The mixture was heated at 125° C. for 2 h. At approximately 2 h the reaction became homogeneous and was checked by HPLC and it showed all starting material had been consumed. The mixture was allowed to cool to room temperature and was then added dropwise to ice. After the ice had melted there was a white solid in a pink liquid. The aqueous layer was extracted with DCM and the combined organic layers were dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. Chromatography (Hex to 10% EtOAc/Hex) afforded the desired product as a white solid (915 mg, 83%). ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃): 2.57 (s, 6H).

Intermediate 67: 2-Chloro-5-ethyl-4,6-dimethylpyrimidine

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Intermediate 56, substituting 5-ethyl-4,6-dimethylpyrimidin-2-ol for 4,5,6-trimethylpyrimidin-2-ol. MS (ESI): mass calculated for C₈H₁₁ClN₂, 170.06, m/z found 171.1 [M+1]⁺. ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃): 2.65 (q, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 2.50 (s, 6H), 1.15 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 3H).

Intermediate 68: (3-(2H-1,2,3-Triazol-2-yl)pyridin-2-yl)(hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl)methanone

Step A: tert-Butyl 5-(3-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)picolinoyl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole-2(1H)-carboxylate. tert-Butyl 5-(3-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)picolinoyl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole-2(1H)-carboxylate was prepared in a manner analogous to Intermediate 59 substituting 3-[1,2,3]triazol-2-yl-pyridine-2-carboxylic acid (Intermediate 72) for 2-(4H-[1,2,4]triazol-3-yl)-benzoic acid. MS (ESI) mass calculated for C₁₉H₂₄N₆O₃, 384.19; m/z found, 385.1.

Step B: (3-(2H-1,2,3-Triazol-2-yl)pyridin-2-yl)(hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl)methanone. tert-Butyl 5-(3-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)picolinoyl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole-2(1H)-carboxylate (491 mg, 1.28 mmol) in DCM (6 mL) was added TFA (3 mL). After stirring for 2 h at room temperature the reaction was complete and concentrated in vacuo. The TFA salt was purified on a Prep Agilent system with a XBridge C₁₈ OBD 50×100 mm column eluting with 5 to 99% 0.05% NH₄OH in H₂O/ACN over 17 min to afford (3-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)pyridin-2-yl)(hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl)methanone as a white solid (306 mg, 84%). MS (ESI) mass calculated for C₁₄H₁₆N₆O, 284.14; m/z found, 285.0.

Intermediate 69: 2-Chloro-5-fluoro-4,6-dimethylpyrimidine

Step A: 5-Fluoropyrimidine-2,4,6-triol. To a heterogeneous mixture of urea (641 mg, 10.67 mmol) and diethylfluoromalonate (1.96 g, 10.67 mmol) in EtOH (11 mL) was added 2.68 M NaOEt in EtOH (7.96 mL, 21.34 mmol). The mixture was heated at reflux for 60 h and then allowed to cool to room temperature. The mixture was filtered and the cake was then dissolved in warm water and the resulting solution was acidified with concentrated HCl to pH 2. The mixture was allowed to cool to room temperature and then cooled in an ice bath before filtering. The cake was washed with water and dried to afford 5-fluoropyrimidine-2,4,6-triol as a slightly off white solid (1.45 g, 93%).

Step B: 2,4,6-Trichloro-5-fluoropyrimidine. To POCl₃ (4.49 mL, 48.15 mmol) was added 5-fluoropyrimidine-2,4,6-triol (1.41 g, 9.63 mmol) in several portions. There was a 2° C. increase in temperature. The N,N-dimethylaniline (1.23 mL, 9.73 mmol) was then added dropwise and the mixture heated at 110° C. for 24 h. The reaction mixture was allowed to cool only briefly and then was quenched by dropwise addition onto ice. When the ice was melted the aqueous layer was extracted several times with Et₂O. The combined organic extracts were dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated in vacuo to a yellow solid after storing in the refrigerator overnight. This material was not purified further, but taken on to the next step without further purification.

Step C: 2-Chloro-5-fluoro-4,6-dimethylpyrimidine was prepared in a manner analogous to Intermediate 55, substituting 2,4,6-trichloro-5-fluoropyrimidine for 2,4-dichloro-5-fluoropyrimidine. ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃): 2.50 (d, J=2.7 Hz, 6H).

Intermediate 70: 6-Methyl-2-[1,2,3]triazol-2-yl-nicotinic acid

6-Methyl-2-[1,2,3]triazol-2-yl-nicotinic acid. To a 100 ml round bottom flask containing 2-chloro-6-methylnicotinic acid (3 g, 17.4 mmol), copper iodide (0.16 g, 0.5 mol %), and cesium carbonate (11.4 g, 35 mmol) was added a mixture of dioxane (20 mL) and H₂O (0.1 ml, 5.25 mmol). Next triazole (2.03 mL, 35 mmol) and finally (R,R)-(−)-N,N′-dimethyl-1,2-cyclohexanediamine ligand (0.56 mL, 3.5 mmol) were added. The resulting clumpy yellow slurry was stirred until evenly dispersed. Upon heating to 100° C. the reaction mixture changed from a yellow slurry to pale green. As heating progressed the slurry became less thick and was stirred more easily. The light green slurry was stirred for 4 hr at 100° C. and left to stir at room temp overnight. At this point the reaction mixture appeared as a cobalt blue slurry which was then diluted with 20 mL ether and 20 mL H₂O. The resulting solution was thoroughly stirred and transferred to a separatory funnel then the RBF was subsequently rinsed with 20 mL ether and H₂O each. The aqueous layer was separated from the organic layer and acidified to pH 1 with 6 mL conc. HCl. The now brown/lime green aqueous layer was extracted twice with EtOAc. The bright yellow organic layers were combined and dried with Na₂SO₄ and then conc. into a yellow powder under reduced pressure. To the yellow powder was added EtOAc to form a yellow slurry. The solids were filtered off and washed with EtOAc to give a very pale yellow powder, which was found by ¹H NMR to be the Intermediate 71 (25% yield). The filtrate was conc. into a yellow solid and purified (FCC, 0-5% MeOH in DCM w/0.5% AcOH) to give the title product in a 20% yield. MS (ESI): mass calculated for C₉H₈N₄O₂, 204.18; m/z found 205.3 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD): 8.21-8.18 (m, 1H), 7.98 (s, 2H), 7.51 (d, J=7.9 Hz, 1H), 2.64 (s, 3H).

Intermediate 71: 6-Methyl-2-[1,2,3]triazol-1-yl-nicotinic acid

The title compound was isolated as a byproduct from the procedure used to prepare Intermediate 70 with a 25% yield. MS (ESI): mass calculated for C₉H₈N₄O₂, 204.18; m/z found 205.3 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD): 8.48 (d, J=1.1 Hz, 1H), 8.25 (dd, J=7.9, 3.8 Hz, 1H), 7.88 (d, J=1.1 Hz, 1H), 7.54 (d, J=7.9 Hz, 1H), 2.64 (s, 3H).

Intermediate 72: 3-[1,2,3]Triazol-2-yl-pyridine-2-carboxylic acid

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Intermediate 70 substituting 3-bromo-2-pyridinecarboxylic acid for 2-chloro-6-methylnicotinic acid. MS (ESI): mass calculated for C₈H₆N₄O₂, 190.10; m/z found 191.1 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): 8.77 (d, J=4.3 Hz, 1H), 8.26 (dt, J=6.5, 3.3 Hz, 1H), 7.88 (s, 2H), 7.65 (dd, J=8.2, 4.7 Hz, 1H).

Intermediate 73: 1-[1,2,3]Triazol-2-yl-naphthalene-2-carboxylic acid

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Intermediate 70 substituting 1-bromo-2-napthoic acid for 2-chloro-6-methylnicotinic acid. The title compound was obtained (484 mg, 50%). MS (ESI): mass calculated for C₁₃H₉N₃O₂, 239.23; m/z found 240.3 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD): 8.19 (d, J=8.7 Hz, 1H), 8.09-8.03 (m, 4H), 7.70-7.66 (m, 1H), 7.58 (ddd, J=8.2, 6.9, 1.2 Hz, 1H), 7.25 (d, J=8.6 Hz, 1H).

Intermediate 74: 1-[1,2,3]Triazol-1-yl-naphthalene-2-carboxylic acid

The title compound was isolated as a byproduct from the preparation of Intermediate 73 (25% yield). MS (ESI): mass calculated for C₁₃H₉N₃O₂, 239.23; m/z found 240.3 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD): 8.33 (d, J=0.9 Hz, 1H), 8.24 (d, J=8.6 Hz, 1H), 8.14-8.07 (m, 2H), 8.01 (d, J=0.9 Hz, 1H), 7.71 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.60 (t, J=7.7 Hz, 1H), 7.11 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 1H).

Intermediate 75: 8-[1,2,3]Triazol-2-yl-naphthalene-1-carboxylic acid

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Intermediate 70 substituting 8-bromo-2-napthoic acid for 2-chloro-6-methylnicotinic acid. The desired 8-[1,2,3]triazol-2-yl-naphthalene-1-carboxylic acid was obtained (474 mg, 16%). MS (ESI): mass calculated for C₁H₉N₃O₂, 239.20; m/z found 240.3 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD): 8.13 (t, J=9.0 Hz, 2H), 7.95-7.91 (m, 3H), 7.82 (dd, J=7.4, 1.0 Hz, 1H), 7.70 (dd, J=9.8, 5.8 Hz, 1H), 7.64-7.59 (m, 1H).

Intermediate 76: 5-[1,2,3]Triazol-2-yl-benzo[1,3]dioxole-4-carboxylic acid

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Intermediate 70 substituting 5-bromobenzo[1,3]dioxole-4-carboxylic acid for 2-chloro-6-methylnicotinic acid. MS (ESI): mass calculated for C₁₀H₇N₃O₄, 233.18; m/z found 234.3 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD): 7.85 (s, 2H), 7.23 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.04 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 6.16 (s, 2H).

Intermediate 77: 2,3-Dimethoxy-6-[1,2,3]triazol-2-yl-benzoic acid

To a 20 ml microwave vial containing 2-bromo-4,5-dimethoxybenzoic acid (3 g, 11.5 mmol), copper iodide (0.04 g, 0.5 mol %), cesium carbonate (7.5 g, 23 mmol), triazole (1.33 mL, 23 mmol) and finally (R,R)-(−)-N,N′-dimethyl-1,2-cyclohexanediamine ligand (0.36 mL, 2.3 mmol) was added DMF (12 mL). The resulting clumpy yellow slurry was stirred until evenly dispersed then heated to 120° C. for 10-20 min using a microwave. At this point the reaction mixture appeared as a blue slurry which was then diluted with 20 mL ether and 20 mL H₂O. The resulting solution was thoroughly stirred and transferred to a separatory funnel then the RBF was subsequently rinsed with 20 mL ether and H₂O each. The aqueous layer was separated from the organic layer and acidified to pH 1 with 6 mL conc. HCl. The now brown/lime green aqueous layer was extracted twice with EtOAc. The bright yellow organic layers were combined and dried with Na₂SO₄ and then conc. into a yellow powder under reduced pressure which was purified by FCC (0-5% MeOH in DCM w/0.5% AcOH) to afford 2,3-dimethoxy-6-[1,2,3]triazol-2-yl-benzoic acid (60%) and 2,3-dimethoxy-6-[1,2,3]triazol-1-yl-benzoic acid (20%). Data for 2,3-dimethoxy-6-[1,2,3]triazol-2-yl-benzoic acid, MS (ESI): mass calculated for C₁₁H₁₁N₃O₄, 249.23; m/z found 250.3 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD): 7.87 (s, 2H), 7.47 (s, 1H), 7.18 (s, 1H), 3.94 (s, 3H), 3.91 (s, 3H).

Intermediate 78: 2,3-Dimethoxy-6-[1,2,3]triazol-1-yl-benzoic acid

The title compound was isolated from the procedure used to prepare Intermediate 77 with a 20% yield. MS (ESI): mass calculated for H₁₁N₃O₄, 249.23; m/z found 250.3 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD): 8.17 (d, J=1.0 Hz, 1H), 7.82 (d, J=1.0 Hz, 1H), 7.62 (s, 1H), 7.09 (s, 1H), 3.95 (s, 3H), 3.91 (s, 3H).

Intermediate 79: 5-Acetylamino-2-[1,2,3]triazol-2-yl-benzoic acid

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Intermediate 70 substituting 5-acetamido-2-bromobenzoic acid for 2-bromo-4,5-dimethoxybenzoic acid. MS (ESI): mass calculated for C₁₁H₁₀N₄O₃, 246.22. m/z found 247.3 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD): 8.09 (t, J=2.8 Hz, 1H), 7.92-7.86 (m, 3H), 7.66 (dd, J=8.7, 3.3 Hz, 1H), 2.17 (dd, J=2.5, 1.3 Hz, 3H).

Intermediate 80: 4-(1H-1,2,3-Triazol-1-yl)nicotinic acid

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Intermediate 70 substituting 4-chloronicotinic acid for 2-chloro-6-methylnicotinic acid. MS (ESI): mass calculated for C₁₁H₁₀N₄O₃, 246.22; m/z found 247.3 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD): 8.09 (t, J=2.8 Hz, 1H), 7.92-7.86 (m, 3H), 7.66 (dd, J=8.7, 3.3 Hz, 1H), 2.17 (dd, J=2.5, 1.3 Hz, 3H).

Intermediate 81: 3-Methyl-2-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)benzonitrile

To a mixture of 2-fluoro-3-methylbenzonitrile (4.0 g, 29.6 mmol) and 2H-1,2,3-triazole (2.04 g, 29.6 mmol) in DMF (80 mL) was added potassium carbonate (8.26 g, 59.2 mmol). The resulting mixture was heated to 120° C. for 2 h. The mixture was cooled, diluted with water and extracted with EtOAc. The organic layers were combined, dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated. The residue was purified by FCC (SiO₂, ethyl acetate/hexanes, gradient 0-50%) to yield the title compound (1.5 g, 26%). MS (ESI) mass calcd. for C₁₀H₈N₄, 184.2; m/z found, 185.1 [M+H]+. ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃): 7.95 (s, 2H), 7.66 (d, J=7.7, 0.7 Hz, 1H), 7.59 (d, J=7.8, 0.6 Hz, 1H), 7.50 (dd, J=9.8, 5.7 Hz, 1H), 2.20 (s, 3H).

Intermediate 82: 3-Methyl-2-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)benzoic acid

To a solution of 3-methyl-2-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)benzonitrile (1.4 g, 7.82 mmol) in MeOH (15 mL) was added a 4N aqueous solution of NaOH (10 mL). The resulting mixture was heated to 90° C. After 15 h the reaction mixture was cooled to ambient temperature then diluted with water (50 mL). The aqueous layer was acidified to pH2 and extracted with EtOAc (50 mL) three times. The organic layers were combined, dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated. The residue was purified by FCC (SiO₂, gradient DCM to 10% MeOH/1% HOAc/DCM) to yield the title compound (1.3 g, 78%). ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃): 7.90 (d, J=7.7, Hz, 1H), 7.83 (s, 2H), 7.57-7.53 (m, 1H), 7.49 (dd, J=9.7, 5.8 Hz, 1H), 2.10 (s, 3H).

Intermediate 83: 3-Fluoro-2-(1H-pyrazol-5-yl)benzoic acid

Method A:

Step A: 2-Bromo-3-fluorobenzonitrile (1.0 g, 5.0 mmol) and (1H-pyrazol-5-yl)boronic acid (647 mg, 4.6 mmol) were combined and dissolved in degassed DME (15 mL) then treated with NaHCO₃ (1260 mg, 8.4 mmol) in water and the reaction purged with bubbling N₂ for 5 minutes. The reaction was treated with Pd(PPh₃)₄ (288 mg, 0.2 mmol) and then purged with bubbling for 5 minutes in a sealed vessel and then heated to reflux for 2 h. The reaction was then cooled to 23° C. filtered and the solids were rinsed with EtOAc and the layers separated. The organic layers were combined, dried and concentrated under reduced pressure. Chromatography (0-30% ethyl acetate/hexanes) afforded 3-fluoro-2-(1H-pyrazol-5-yl)benzonitrile (178 mg, 19%).

Step B: To 3-fluoro-2-(1H-pyrazol-5-yl)benzonitrile in MeOH (3 mL) was added 2M aq. NaOH (1 mL). The reaction was heated at reflux for 15 h, then cooled to rt, acidified with 1N aq. HCl to pH=1 and extracted with EtOAc to give (210 mg, 99%) of 3-fluoro-2-(1H-pyrazol-5-yl)benzoic acid which was used crude.

Method B:

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Intermediate 51, substituting methyl 2-iodo-3-fluorobenzoate for methyl 2-bromo-5-fluorobenzoate in Step A. MS (ESI): mass calculated for C₁₀H₇FN₂O₂, 206.05; m/z found 207.0 [M+1]⁺.

Intermediate 84: 2-(1H-1,2,3-Triazol-1-yl)-6-(trifluoromethyl)nicotinic acid

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Intermediate 13, substituting 2-chloro-6-(trifluoromethyl)nicotinic acid for 5-fluoro-2-iodo-benzoic acid in step A, and substituting 1,4-dioxane for MeOH as the solvent, with 0.3 eq of water as an additive. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 8.64 (s, 1H), 8.37 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 8.11 (d, J=7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.93 (s, 1H).

Intermediate 85: 5-Fluoro-2-(1H-pyrazol-5-yl)benzoic acid

Step A: Methyl-2-fluoro-bromobenzoate (1.0 gram, 4.2 mmol) and (1H-pyrazol-5-yl)boronic acid (485 mg, 4.6 mmol) were combined and dissolved in degassed DME (15 mL) then treated with NaHCO₃ (706 mg, 8.4 mmol) in water and the reaction purged with bubbling N₂ for 5 minutes. The reaction was treated with Pd(PPh₃)₄ (243 mg (0.2 mmol) and then purged with bubbling for 5 minutes in a sealed vessel and then heated to reflux for 2 h. The reaction mixture was cooled to 23° C., filtered, and the solid was rinsed with EtOAc and the layers separated. The organic layers were combined, dried and concentrated. Chromatography (ethyl acetate/hexanes, 0-30%) gave methyl 5-fluoro-2-(1H-pyrazol-5-yl)benzoate (415 mg, 44%).

Step B: A solution of methyl 5-fluoro-2-(1H-pyrazol-5-yl)benzoate (415 mg, 1.9 mmol) in EtOH (10 mL) was treated with 4.0 eq of LiOH and stirred and monitored for two hours the reaction was complete. Reaction was made to pH=5, and then the solution concentrated under reduced pressure during which time a ppt formed. The reactions was then concentrated to minimum volume and cooled in ice, then filtered and washed with ice water to give 5-fluoro-2-(1H-pyrazol-5-yl)benzoic acid (172 mg, 44% yield). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 13.03 (s, 1H), 7.71 (d, J=2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.67 (dd, J=8.3, 5.6 Hz, 1H), 7.37 (td, J=8.6, 2.9 Hz, 2H), 6.44 (d, J=2.2 Hz, 1H).

Intermediate 86: 3-Methyl-2-(1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)benzoic acid

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Intermediate 82, substituting 3-methyl-2-(1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)benzonitrile for 3-methyl-2-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)benzonitrile. ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃): 8.17 (s, 1H), 7.94 (s, 1H), 7.69 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 1H), 7.65 (d, J=7.7 Hz, 1H), 7.63-7.56 (m, 1H), 2.06 (s, 3H).

Intermediate 87: 4-Fluoro-2-(pyrimidin-2-yl)benzoic acid

Step A: 2-Iodo-4-fluorobenzonitrile (2.54 g, 10.3 mmol) and 2-tributylstannane pyrimidine (3.69 g, 10.0 mmol) were dissolved in dimethoxyethane (18 mL) and treated with tetrakistriphenylphosphine palladium (0) (578 mg, 0.5 mmol) and copper (I) iodide (95 mg, 0.5 mmol). The reaction was then heated to 160° C. for 90 minutes in the microwave. The reaction was cooled, concentrated under reduced pressure. Chromatography (20-100% EA in hexanes) gave the desired product. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): 8.93 (d, J=4.9 Hz, 2H), 8.14 (dd, J=9.6, 2.7 Hz, 1H), 7.86 (dd, J=8.6, 5.3 Hz, 1H), 7.36 (t, J=4.9 Hz, 1H), 7.32-7.23 (m, 1H).

Step: 4-Fluoro-2-(pyrimidin-2-yl)benzonitrile (85 mg, 0.4 mmol) was hydrolyzed to the acid in water (1 mL) by addition of 18 M H₂SO₄ (1 mL). The reaction was heated at 100° C. for 10 min, then cooled to 23° C., and extracted with EtOAc (3×5 mL). The combined organics were dried (Na₂SO₄) and concentrated under reduced pressure. This material was used crude in subsequent reactions.

Intermediate 88: 4-Methoxy-2-(pyrimidin-2-yl)benzoic acid

Step A: 4-Methoxy-2-(pyrimidin-2-yl)benzonitrile was prepared in a manner analogous to Intermediate 87. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): 8.93 (d, J=4.9 Hz, 2H), 8.14 (dd, J=9.6, 2.7 Hz, 1H), 7.86 (dd, J=8.6, 5.3 Hz, 1H), 7.36 (t, J=4.9 Hz, 1H), 7.32-7.23 (m, 1H).

Step B: 4-Methoxy-2-(pyrimidin-2-yl)benzonitrile (85 mg, 0.4 mmol) was dissolved in MeOH (20 mL) was treated with 2M aq NaOH (15 mL). The reaction was heated at reflux overnight, the reaction was cooled to room temperature and filtered to remove the solids and washed with cold MeOH. The filtrate was concentrated to minimum volume and then acidified to pH=3 with 6 N aq. HCl and cooled to 0° C. then filtered and washed with cold water. This material was used crude in subsequent reactions.

Intermediate 89: 2-Chloro-4,4,4,5,6,6,6-septadeuteriopyrimidine

Step A: 1,1,1,3,3,3,5,5-Octadeuteriopentane-2,4-dione. To a solution of acetylacetone (10 mL, 95.1 mmol) in D₂O (90 mL) was added K₂CO₃ (1.0 g, 7.29 mmol). The mixture was heated at 120° C. overnight. The aqueous layer was extracted with DCM and the combined organic layers were dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated in vacuo to an orange liquid (Frediani et. al., Catalysis Comm. 2, 2001, 125).

Step B: 2-Deuteriohydroxy-4,4,4,5,6,6,6-septadeuteriopyrimidine. To a solution of 1,1,1,3,3,3,5,5-Octadeuteriopentane-2,4-dione (product of Step A) (1.60 g, 14.82 mmol) in EtOD (7 mL) was added urea-d₄ (0.95 g, 14.82 mmol) followed by 35% wt. DCl in D₂O (2 mL, 23.71 mmol). The mixture was heated at 90° C. for 36 h, cooled to room temperature and then chilled in an ice bath before filtration and washing of the white solid with cold EtOD to afford the desired product as the DCl salt (1.53 g, 61%).

Step C: 2-Chloro-4,4,4,5,6,6,6-septadeuteriopyrimidine. To 2-deuteriohydroxy-4,4,4,5,6,6,6-septadeuteriopyrimidine (product of Step B) (1.53 g, 9.04 mmol) was added POCl₃ (7.9 mL, 9.04 mmol) and the mixture was heated at reflux for 16 h. The mixture was allowed to cool to room temperature and then added to ice drop wise. The aqueous mixture was neutralized to pH 6 in an ice bath with 5 N NaOH. The aqueous layer was extracted with DCM and the combined organic layers were dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated in vacuo to afford the desired product as a yellow solid (1.3 g, 96%). (ESI): mass calculated for C₆D₇ClN₂, 149.07; m/z found, 150.1.

Intermediate 90: tert-Butyl 5-{4,6-bis[(²H₃)methyl](²H)pyrimidin-2-yl}hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole-2(1H)-carboxylate

A mixture of Intermediate 15 (294 mg, 1.38 mmol), Intermediate 89 (207 mg, 1.38 mmol) and DIPEA (0.48 mL, 2.77 mmol) in ACN (3.5 mL) was heated in the microwave at 150° C. for 2 h. The mixture was concentrated in vacuo. The crude mixture was purified by FCC (Hex to 50% EtOAc/Hex) to afford the title compound (344 mg, 76%). MS (ESI): mass calculated for C₁₇H₁₉D₇N₄O₂, 325.25; m/z found 326.2 [M+1]⁺. 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃): 3.86-3.76 (m, 2H), 3.67-3.50 (m, 4H), 3.37-3.24 (m, 2H), 2.98-2.90 (m, 2H), 1.44 (s, 9H).

Intermediate 91: 5-{4,6-Bis[(²H₃)methyl](²H)pyrimidin-2-yl}hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

Intermediate 90 (325 mg, 1 mmol), DCM (5 mL) and TFA (1 mL) were stirred at room temperature for 2 h. The mixture was concentrated in vacuo and was used as is. MS (ESI): mass calculated for C₁₂H₁₁D₇N₄, 225.25; m/z found 225.2 [M+1]⁺.

Intermediate 92: 2-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole, bis-HCl salt

A 150 mL EasyMax reactor was fitted with a mechanical stirrer, a reflux condenser and a temperature probe and 2-chloro-4,6-dimethylpyrimidine (7.10 g, 49.8 mmol), potassium carbonate (9.77 g, 70.7 mmol), N-boc-3,7diazabicylco[3.3.0]octane (10.03 g, 47.3 mmol) and 2-propanol (54.2 g) were added. The reaction was slurried at 20° C. for 5 minutes and then the temperature was raised to 80° C. over 30 minutes. The reaction was then stirred at 80° C. for 8 hours, cooled to 20° C. within 30 minutes and allowed to stand overnight. To the resulting mixture was added toluene (15.8 g) and the mixture was stirred at 30° C. for 30 minutes prior to removing all salts by suction filtration. The reactor and filter cake were then washed with toluene (20.2 g) and the resulting filtrates (˜115 mL) were added to a 150 mL EasyMax reactor held at a temperature of 20° C. 5-6 N HCl in 2-propanol (25.90 g) was then added dropwise over a 30 minute period. The mixture was then heated to 60° C. over 20 minutes and stirred for 4 hours. After approximately 1.5 hours crystallization of the product started and the yellowish suspension was then cooled to 0-5° C. and was then stirred for another 1.5 hours. The product was then isolated via suction filtration and washed with 2-propanol (25.0 g) in two portions. The resulting wet product cake was dried in vacuo at 50° C. overnight then at 70° C. for 4 hours to obtain the title compound (11.52 g, 77%) as an off-white crystalline solid. Purity was assessed by HPLC (99.5%, 99.7%, and 99.5 area % (at 254, 235, and 280 nm, respectively). HCl content was determined to be 25.26%.

Intermediate 93: 3-Fluoro-2-(1H-pyrazol-1-yl)benzoic acid

3-Fluoro-2-(1H-pyrazol-1-yl)benzoic acid. To a mixture of 3-fluoro-2-iodobenzoic acid (1.4 g, 5.26 mmol), 1H-pyrazole (0.72 g, 10.5 mmol), trans-N,N′-dimethyl-cyclohexane-1,2-diamine (0.17 mL, 1.05 mmol), CuI (50.1 mg, 0.26 mmol), dioxane (50 mL) and water (0.028 mL) was added Cs₂CO₃ (3.43 g, 10.5 mmol). The reaction mixture was heated to 100° C. for 1 h. The reaction mixture was cooled to ambient temperature then diluted with water. The aqueous layer was acidified to pH2 and extracted with EtOAc (30 mL) three times. The organic layers were combined, dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated. Purification (FCC), (DCM to 10% MeOH/1% HOAC/DCM) afforded the title compound as a colorless oil (790 mg, 72%). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): 7.85-7.73 (m, 1H), 7.54-7.44 (m, 1H), 7.44-7.34 (m, 1H), 6.55 (s, 1H).

Intermediate 94: 3-Methyl-2-(1H-pyrazol-1-yl)benzoic acid

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Intermediate 93 substituting 3-methyl-2-iodobenzoic acid for 3-fluoro-2-iodobenzoic acid. ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃): 7.79 (d, J=7.4 Hz, 2H), 7.48 (d, J=7.5 Hz, 1H), 7.42 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 6.53 (s, 1H), 2.07 (s, 3H).

Intermediate 95: 2-Fluoro-6-(pyrimidin-2-yl)benzoic acid

Step A: 2-Fluoro-6-iodo-benzoic acid methyl ester. To a 200 mL round-bottomed flask were added 2-fluoro-6-iodo-benzoic acid (7.5 g, 28.2 mmol), LiOH.H₂O (1.42 g, 33.8 mmol), and THF (100 mL). The resulting mixture was warmed to 50° C. and stirred for 2 h. Dimethyl sulfate (4.03 mL, 42.3 mmol) was then added and the mixture was warmed to 65° C. After 2 h, the mixture was cooled to room temperature and NH₄Cl_((aq)) (50 mL, 13 wt % solution) was added. The two resulting layers were thoroughly mixed and then separated. The organic layer was dried over MgSO₄, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure to a light brown oil (7.79 g, 99% yield). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): 7.68-7.60 (m, 1H), 7.15-7.06 (m, 2H), 3.98 (s, 3H).

Step B: 2-Fluoro-6-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-benzoic acid methyl ester. To a 500 mL round-bottomed flask were added 2-fluoro-6-iodo-benzoic acid methyl ester (7.29, 26.0 mmol) and anhydrous THF (150 mL). This mixture was cooled to 0° C. and i-PrMgCl (13.7 mL, 2 M in THF, 27.3 mmol) was added dropwise. After 10 min, 2-isopropoxy-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane (5.58 mL, 27.3 mmol) was added. The mixture was allowed to warm to room temperature, and after 30 min NH₄Cl_((aq)) (150 mL, 13 wt % solution) was added. The layers were mixed and then separated, and the aqueous layer was extracted with 100 mL of MTBE. The combined organic layers were dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered, and concentrated to a final mass of 6.07 g (90% wt %, 75% yield). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): 7.47-7.38 (m, 2H), 7.17-7.11 (m, 1H), 3.92 (s, 3H), 1.36 (s, 12H).

Step C: 2-Fluoro-6-pyrimidin-2-yl-benzoic acid methyl ester. To a 250 mL round-bottomed flask under nitrogen were added 2-fluoro-6-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-benzoic acid methyl ester (5.46 g, 19.5 mmol) in 2-methyl-THF (50 mL), 2-chloropyrimidine (2.68 g, 23.4 mmol), and sodium carbonate (6.2 g, 58.5 mmol) in water (17 mL). PdCl₂(dppf)-dcm adduct (CAS#72287-26-4) (1.27 g, 1.56 mmol) was then added and the reaction mixture was warmed to 74° C. and stirred for 2.5 h. After cooling, the mixture was diluted with MTBE (50 mL) and water (80 mL). The layers were thoroughly mixed separated. The aqueous layer was extracted with additional MTBE (100 mL). The combined organics were dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered, concentrated and then purified by flash chromatography (0-25% EA/hexanes) to provide the title compound (1.72 g, 72 wt %, 30% yield). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): 8.79 (d, J=4.9 Hz, 2H), 8.15 (d, J=7.9 Hz, 1H), 7.51 (td, J=8.1, 5.6 Hz, 1H), 7.28-7.20 (m, 2H), 3.92 (s, 3H).

Step D: 2-Fluoro-6-pyrimidin-2-yl-benzoic acid. To a solution of 2-fluoro-6-pyrimidin-2-yl-benzoic acid methyl ester (1.36 g, 5.85 mmol) in 2-methyl-THF (20 mL) was added sodium hydroxide (2 M in water, 9.3 mL, 18.6 mmol). The mixture was heated to 72° C. and stirred for 9 h. The layers were separated and the aqueous layer acidified to pH 2 by dropwise addition of 50% HCl_((aq)) (3.1 mL). The resulting solids were stirred for 1 h, filtered, washed with water, MTBE, and heptanes, and then dried to provide the desired product as a white solid (1.12 g, 88% yield). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD): 8.83 (d, J=4.9 Hz, 2H), 8.03 (dd, J=7.9, 0.8 Hz, 1H), 7.59 (td, J=8.1, 5.6 Hz, 1H), 7.40 (t, J=4.9 Hz, 1H), 7.34 (ddd, J=9.4, 8.4, 1.0 Hz, 1H).

Intermediate 96: 3-Methyl-2-(1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)benzonitrile

The title compound was a byproduct of the synthesis of Intermediate 81 (3.1 g, 56%). MS (ESI) mass calcd. for C₁₀H₈N₄, 184.2; m/z found, 185.1 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃): 7.94 (d, J=2.1 Hz, 1H), 7.87 (d, J=1.1 Hz, 1H), 7.71-7.67 (m, 1H), 7.67-7.62 (m, 1H), 7.56 (dd, J=9.7, 5.8 Hz, 1H), 2.17 (s, 3H).

Intermediate 97: 5-Fluoro-2-[1,2,3]triazol-2-yl-benzoic acid

5-Fluoro-2-[1,2,3]triazol-2-yl-benzoic acid. To a solution of 5-fluoro-2-iodo-benzoic acid (3.86 g, 14.65 mmol), 2H-[1,2,3]triazole (2.5 g, 36.2 mmol), Cs₂CO₃ (8.62 g, 24.5 mmol), trans-N,N′-dimethyl-cyclohexane-1,2-diamine (0.4 mL), CuI (244 mg) and DMF (13 mL) were added to a microwave ready vessel and heated to 100° C. for 10 min. The mixture was cooled, diluted with water, and extracted with EtOAc. The aqueous layer was acidified and extracted with EtOAc. The organic layer was dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated. The residue was purified by FCC (SiO₂, gradient DCM to 10% MeOH/1% HOAc/DCM) gave the product as a white powder, (2.14 g, 71%). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD): 7.91 (s, 2H), 7.76 (dd, J=8.9, 4.8 Hz, 1H), 7.59 (dd, J=8.5, 2.9 Hz, 1H), 7.49-7.42 (m, 1H).

Example 1 4-[5-{[2-Fluoro-6-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl]-6-methoxy-N,N-dimethylpyrimidin-2-amine

A mixture of [4-(Hexahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2-yl)-6-methoxy-pyrimidin-2-yl]-dimethyl-amine (60.0 mg, 0.23 mmol), 2-fluoro-6-[1,2,3]triazol-2-yl-benzoic acid (52.0 mg, 0.25 mmol), HATU (130.0 mg, 0.34 mmol) and DIPEA (0.12 mL, 0.68 mmol) was stirred into DMF (4.0 mL) at room temperature for 30 minutes. The reaction mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate (60.0 mL) and washed with water (2×100 mL). The organic phase was dried (Na₂SO₄), filtered and concentrated to dryness to yield crude title compound (354.0 mg, 343%). The crude product was purified using Agilent HPLC (Basic system) to yield pure title compound (84.0 mg, 81.5%). MS (ESI) mass calcd. for C₂₂H₂₅FN₈O₂, 452.49; m/z found 453.3 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): 7.88-7.79 (m, 2H), 7.72 (d, J=6.7, 1H), 7.54-7.41 (m, 1H), 7.19-7.08 (m, 1H), 5.02-4.92 (m, 1H), 3.96-3.86 (m, 1H), 3.87-3.83 (m, 3H), 3.81-3.50 (m, 5H), 3.43-3.19 (m, 2H), 3.15-3.09 (m, 6H)), 3.09-2.91 (m, 2H).

Example 2 N,N-Dimethyl-6-[5-{[2-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl]-2-(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidin-4-amine

A mixture of [6-(hexahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2-yl)-2-trifluoromethyl-pyrimidin-4-yl]-dimethyl-amine (50 mg, 0.17 mmol), 2-[1,2,3]triazol-2-yl-benzoic acid (34.5 mg, 0.18 mmol), HATU (94.6 mg, 0.25 mmol) and DIPEA (0.09 mL, 0.50 mmol) in DMF (4.0 mL) was stirred at room temperature for 30 minutes. The reaction mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate (60.0 mL) and washed with water (2×100 mL). The organic phase was dried (Na₂SO₄), filtered and concentrated to dryness. The crude product was purified using Agilent HPLC (Basic system) to yield pure title compound (34.0 mg, 43.4%). MS (ESI) mass calcd. for C₂₂H₂₃F₃N₈O, 472.47; m/z found 473.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): 7.98 (d, J=8.1, 1H), 7.70-7.69 (m, 2H), 7.56-7.49 (m, 1H), 7.45-7.37 (m, 2H), 5.20-5.10 (m, 1H), 3.90-3.66 (m, 4H), 3.60-3.28 (m, 4H), 3.08 (s, 6H), 3.02-2.89 (m, 2H).

Example 3 6-[5-{[2-Fluoro-6-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl]-N,N-dimethyl-2-(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidin-4-amine

A mixture of [6-(hexahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2-yl)-2-trifluoromethyl-pyrimidin-4-yl]-dimethyl-amine (50 mg, 0.17 mmol), 2-fluoro-6-[1,2,3]triazol-2-yl-benzoic acid (37.8 mg, 0.18 mmol), HATU (94.6 mg, 0.25 mmol) and DIPEA (0.09 mL, 0.50 mmol) in DMF (4.0 mL) was stirred at room temperature for 30 minutes. The reaction mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate (60.0 mL) and washed with water (2×100 mL). The organic phase was dried (Na₂SO₄), filtered and concentrated to dryness. The crude product was purified using Agilent HPLC (Basic system) to yield pure title compound (19.0 mg, 23.4%). MS (ESI) mass calcd. for C₂₂H₂₂F₄N₈O, 490.46; m/z found [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): 7.89-7.79 (m, 2H), 7.74 (s, 1H), 7.55-7.37 (m, 1H), 7.21-7.05 (m, 1H), 5.25-5.09 (m, 1H), 4.25-3.51 (m, 6H), 3.50-2.95 (m, 10H).

Example 4 4-[5-{[5-Fluoro-2-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl]-6-methoxy-N,N-dimethylpyrimidin-2-amine

A mixture of [4-(hexahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2-yl)-6-methoxy-pyrimidin-2-yl]-dimethyl-amine (60.0 mg, 0.23 mmol), 5-fluoro-2-[1,2,3]triazol-2-yl-benzoic acid (52.0 mg, 0.25 mmol), HATU (130.0 mg, 0.34 mmol) and DIPEA (0.12 mL, 0.68 mmol) was stirred into DMF (4.0 mL) at room temperature for 30 minutes. The reaction mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate (60.0 mL) and washed with water (2×100 mL). The organic phase was dried (Na₂SO₄), filtered and concentrated to dryness. The crude product was purified using Agilent HPLC (Basic system) to yield pure title compound (160.0 mg, 54%). MS (ESI) mass calcd. for C₂₂H₂₅FN₈O₂, 452.49; m/z found 453.3 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): 7.95 (dd, J=9.0, 4.8, 1H), 7.73 (s, 2H), 7.25-7.17 (m, 1H), 7.16-7.10 (m, 1H), 5.00-4.90 (m, 1H), 3.92-3.78 (m, 4H), 3.76-3.25 (m, 6H), 3.18-3.07 (m, 6H), 3.05-2.86 (m, 3H).

Example 5 4-Methoxy-N,N-dimethyl-6-[5-{[2-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}hexahydropyrrolo-[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl]pyrimidin-2-amine

A mixture of [4-(hexahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2-yl)-6-methoxy-pyrimidin-2-yl]-dimethyl-amine (60.0 mg, 0.23 mmol), 2-[1,2,3]triazol-2-yl-benzoic acid (47.4 mg, 0.25 mmol), HATU (130.0 mg, 0.34 mmol) and DIPEA (0.12 mL, 0.68 mmol) was stirred into DMF (4.0 mL) at room temperature for 30 minutes. The reaction mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate (60.0 mL) and washed with water (2×100 mL). The organic phase was dried (Na₂SO₄), filtered and concentrated to dryness. The crude product was purified using Agilent HPLC (Basic system) to yield pure title compound (47.0 mg, 47.5%). MS (ESI) mass calcd. for C₂₂H₂₆N₈O₂, 434.5; m/z found [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): 7.98 (d, J=8.1, 1H), 7.73 (s, 2H), 7.75 (s, 2H), 7.55-7.47 (m, 1H), 7.45-7.37 (m, 2H), 5.00-4.90 (m, 1H), 3.91-3.80 (m, 5H), 3.70 (dd, J=12.5, 3.9, 2H), 3.60-3.29 (m, 4H), 3.19-3.04 (m, 8H).

Example 6 6-[5-{[4-Fluoro-2-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl]-N,N-dimethyl-2-(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidin-4-amine

A mixture of [6-(hexahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2-yl)-2-trifluoromethyl-pyrimidin-4-yl]-dimethyl-amine (50 mg, 0.17 mmol), 4-fluoro-6-[1,2,3]triazol-2-yl-benzoic acid (37.8 mg, 0.18 mmol), HATU (94.6 mg, 0.25 mmol) and DIPEA (0.09 mL, 0.50 mmol) in DMF (4.0 mL) was stirred at room temperature for 30 minutes. The reaction mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate (60.0 mL) and washed with water (2×100 mL). The organic phase was dried (Na₂SO₄), filtered and concentrated to dryness. The crude product was purified using Agilent HPLC (Basic system) to yield pure title compound (42.0 mg, 51.6%). MS (ESI) mass calcd. for C₂₂H₂₂F₄N₈O, 490.46; m/z found [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): 7.90-7.65 (m, 3H), 7.57-7.35 (m, 1H), 7.18-7.02 (m, 1H), 5.23-5.05 (m, 1H), 4.02-3.20 (m, 7H), 3.16-2.84 (m, 9H).

Example 7 4-[5-{[4-Fluoro-2-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl]-6-methoxy-N,N-dimethylpyrimidin-2-amine

A mixture of [4-(hexahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2-yl)-6-methoxy-pyrimidin-2-yl]-dimethyl-amine (60.0 mg, 0.23 mmol), 4-fluoro-2-[1,2,3]triazol-2-yl-benzoic acid (52.0 mg, 0.25 mmol), HATU (130.0 mg, 0.34 mmol) and DIPEA (0.12 mL, 0.68 mmol) was stirred into DMF (4.0 mL) at room temperature for 30 minutes. The reaction mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate (60.0 mL) and washed with water (2×100 mL). The organic phase was dried (Na₂SO₄), filtered and concentrated to dryness. The crude product was purified using Agilent HPLC (Basic system) to yield pure title compound (52.0 mg, 50.5%). MS (ESI) mass calcd. for C₂₂H₂₅FN₈O₂, 452.49; m/z found [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): 7.83-7.66 (m, 3H), 7.42-7.36 (m, 1H), 7.16-7.08 (m, 1H), 5.00-4.89 (m, 1H), 3.90-3.78 (m, 4H), 3.77-3.19 (m, 6H), 3.17-2.82 (m, 9H).

Example 8 2-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-{[3-(1H-pyrrol-1-yl)thiophen-2-yl]carbonyl}octahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

A mixture of 2-(4,6-dimethyl-pyrimidin-2-yl)-octahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole (60.0 mg, 0.28 mmol), 3-pyrrol-1-yl-thiophene-2-carboxylic acid (58.4 mg, 0.30 mmol), HATU (156.8 mg, 0.41 mmol) and DIPEA (106.6 mg, 0.83 mmol) was stirred into DMF (5.0 mL) at room temperature for 30 minutes. The reaction mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate (60.0 mL) and washed with water (2×100 mL). The organic phase was dried (Na₂SO₄), filtered and concentrated to dryness. The crude product was purified using Agilent HPLC (Basic system) to yield pure title compound (79.0 mg, 73%). MS (ESI) mass calcd. for C₂₁H₂₃N₅OS, 393.51; m/z found [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): 7.42-7.39 (m, 1H), 7.04-7.01 (m, 1H), 6.85 (t, J=2.1, 2H), 6.29 (s, 1H), 6.14 (t, J=2.1, 2H), 3.88-3.73 (m, 2H), 3.66-3.52 (m, 2H), 3.50-3.41 (m, 1H), 3.32-3.20 (m, 1H), 3.00-2.86 (m, 2H), 2.80-2.66 (m, 1H), 2.60-2.47 (m, 1H), 2.34-2.25 (m, 6H).

Example 9 6-[5-{[5-Fluoro-2-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl]-N,N-dimethyl-2-(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidin-4-amine

A mixture of [6-(hexahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2-yl)-2-trifluoromethyl-pyrimidin-4-yl]-dimethyl-amine (50 mg, 0.17 mmol), 5-fluoro-2-[1,2,3]triazol-2-yl-benzoic acid (37.8 mg, 0.18 mmol), HATU (94.6 mg, 0.25 mmol) and DIPEA (0.09 mL, 0.50 mmol) in DMF (4.0 mL) was stirred at room temperature for 30 minutes. The reaction mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate (60.0 mL) and washed with water (2×100 mL). The organic phase was dried (Na₂SO₄), filtered and concentrated to dryness. The crude product was purified using Agilent HPLC (Basic system) to yield pure title compound (42.0 mg, 51.6%). MS (ESI) mass calcd. for C₂₂H₂₂F₄N₈O, 490.46; m/z found [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): 7.96 (dd, J=9.0, 4.8, 1H), 7.80-7.66 (m, 2H), 7.25-7.18 (m, 1H), 7.16-7.10 (m, 1H), 5.22-5.11 (m, 1H), 3.90-3.30 (m, 8H), 3.13-3.06 (m, 7H), 3.00 (s, 6H).

Example 10 2-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-[(1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)carbonyl]octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

A mixture of 2-(4,6-dimethyl-pyrimidin-2-yl)-octahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole (60.0 mg, 0.28 mmol), 2-phenyl-2H-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid (56.9 mg, 0.30 mmol), HATU (156.8 mg, 0.41 mmol) and DIPEA (106.6 mg, 0.83 mmol) was stirred into DMF (5.0 mL) at room temperature for 30 minutes. The reaction mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate (60.0 mL) and washed with water (2×100 mL). The organic phase was dried (Na₂SO₄), filtered and concentrated to dryness. The crude product was purified using Agilent HPLC (Basic system) to yield pure title compound (79.0 mg, 74%). MS (ESI) mass calcd. for C₂₂H₂₄N₆O, 388.47; m/z found 389.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): 7.67 (d, J=1.7, 1H), 7.50 (d, J=7.4, 2H), 7.37 (t, J=7.8, 2H), 7.29-7.23 (m, 1H), 6.56 (d, J=1.7, 1H), 6.30 (s, 1H), 3.86-3.71 (m, 2H), 3.70-3.51 (m, 2H), 3.43-3.22 (m, 3H), 3.05-2.77 (m, 3H), 2.29 (s, 6H).

Example 11 8-{[5-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl]carbonyl}-quinoline

A mixture of 2-(4,6-dimethyl-pyrimidin-2-yl)-octahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole (60.0 mg, 0.28 mmol), quinoline-8-carboxylic acid (52.4 mg, 0.30 mmol), HATU (156.8 mg, 0.41 mmol) and DIPEA (106.6 mg, 0.83 mmol) was stirred into DMF (5.0 mL) at room temperature for 30 minutes. The reaction mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate (60.0 mL) and washed with water (2×100 mL). The organic phase was dried (Na₂SO₄), filtered and concentrated to dryness. The crude product was purified using Agilent HPLC (Basic system) to yield pure title compound (68.0 mg, 66.2%). MS (ESI) mass calcd. for C₂₂H₂₃N₅O, 373.46; m/z found 374.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): 8.95 (s, 1H), 8.16 (d, J=7.9, 1H), 7.89-7.79 (m, 1H), 7.69 (d, J=6.8, 1H), 7.61-7.49 (m, 1H), 7.41 (s, 1H), 6.26 (d, J=19.1, 1H), 4.29-4.03 (m, 1H), 3.96-3.59 (m, 4H), 3.65-3.29 (m, 2H), 3.21-2.84 (m, 3H), 2.37-2.18 (m, 6H).

Example 12 2-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-[(3-phenylthiophen-2-yl)carbonyl]octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

A mixture of 2-(4,6-dimethyl-pyrimidin-2-yl)-octahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole (60.0 mg, 0.28 mmol), 3-phenyl-thiophene-2-carboxylic acid (61.8 mg, 0.30 mmol), HATU (156.8 mg, 0.41 mmol) and DIPEA (107.0 mg, 0.83 mmol) was stirred into DMF (5.0 mL) at room temperature for 30 minutes. The reaction mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate (60.0 mL) and washed with water (2×100 mL). The organic phase was dried (Na₂SO₄), filtered and concentrated to dryness. The crude product was purified using Agilent HPLC (Basic system) to yield pure title compound (30.0 mg, 27.0%). MS (ESI) mass calcd. for C₂₃H₂₄N₄OS, 404.54; m/z found 405.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): 7.45-7.41 (m, 2H), 7.39 (d, J=5.1, 1H), 7.34-7.27 (m, 2H), 7.18-7.14 (m, 1H), 7.13 (d, J=5.0, 1H), 6.28 (s, 1H), 3.88-3.66 (m, 2H), 3.61-3.49 (m, 2H), 3.30 (dd, J=11.5, 5.1, 1H), 3.19-3.04 (m, 2H), 2.92-2.78 (m, 1H), 2.75-2.61 (m, 2H), 2.37-2.22 (m, 6H).

Example 13 2-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-[(3-phenylfuran-2-yl)carbonyl]octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

A mixture of 2-(4,6-dimethyl-pyrimidin-2-yl)-octahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole (60.0 mg, 0.28 mmol), 3-phenyl-furan-2-carboxylic acid (61.8 mg, 0.30 mmol), HATU (156.8 mg, 0.41 mmol) and DIPEA (107.0 mg, 0.83 mmol) was stirred into DMF (5.0 mL) at room temperature for 30 minutes. The reaction mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate (60.0 mL) and washed with water (2×100 mL). The organic phase was dried (Na₂SO₄), filtered and concentrated to dryness. The crude product was purified using Dionex HPLC to yield pure title compound (30.0 mg, 28.0%). MS (ESI) mass calcd. for C₂₃H₂₄N₄O₂, 388.47; m/z found 389.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): 7.56-7.50 (m, 2H), 7.46 (d, J=1.8, 1H), 7.37-7.30 (m, 2H), 7.25-7.19 (m, 1H), 6.61 (d, J=1.8, 1H), 6.29 (s, 1H), 3.95-3.80 (m, 2H), 3.75-3.60 (m, 3H), 3.51 (dd, J=11.6, 5.0 1H), 3.42 (dd, J=11.6, 4.1, 1H), 3.33 (dd, J=11.6, 5.4, 1H), 3.02-2.81 (m, 2H), 2.35-2.22 (m, 6H).

Example 14 2-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-{[2-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}octahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

A mixture of 2-(4,6-dimethyl-pyrimidin-2-yl)-octahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole (60.0 mg, 0.28 mmol), 2-(4H-[1,2,4]triazol-3-yl)-benzoic acid (57.2 mg, 0.30 mmol), HATU (156.8 mg, 0.41 mmol) and DIPEA (107.0 mg, 0.83 mmol) was stirred into DMF (5.0 mL) at room temperature for 30 minutes. The reaction mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate (60.0 mL) and washed with water (2×100 mL). The organic phase was dried (Na₂SO₄), filtered and concentrated to dryness. The crude product was purified using Agilent HPLC (basic system) to yield pure title compound (60.0 mg, 56%). MS (ESI) mass calcd. for C₂₁H₂₃N₁₇O, 389.46; m/z found 390.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): 8.12 (d, J=7.5, 1H), 8.05 (s, 1H), 7.53-7.39 (m, 2H), 7.37-7.31 (m, 1H), 6.28 (s, 1H), 3.95-3.77 (m, 2H), 3.76-3.55 (m, 3H), 3.48-3.33 (m, 2H), 3.19-3.03 (m, 1H), 3.02-2.95 (m, 1H), 2.91-2.82 (m, 1H), 2.36-2.19 (m, 6H).

Example 15 2-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-{[3-fluoro-2-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

A mixture of 2-(4,6-dimethyl-pyrimidin-2-yl)-octahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole (437.3 mg, 2.0 mmol), 3-fluoro-2-[1,2,3]triazol-2-yl-benzoic acid (415 mg, 2.0 mmol), HATU (1.14 g, 3.0 mmol) and DIPEA (777 mg, 6.0 mmol) was stirred into DMF (20 mL) at room temperature for 30 minutes. The reaction mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate (250 mL) and washed with water (2×500 mL). The organic phase was dried (Na₂SO₄), filtered and concentrated to dryness. The crude product was purified using Agilent HPLC (basic system) to yield pure title compound (458.0 mg, 56%). MS (ESI) mass calcd. for C₂₁H₂₂FN₇O, 407.45; m/z found 408.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): 7.79 (s, 2H), 7.52-7.45 (m, 1H), 7.36-7.28 (m, 1H), 7.25-7.22 (m, 1H), 6.30 (s, 1H), 3.82 (dd, J=11.6, 7.5, 1H), 3.75-3.66 (m, 2H), 3.58-3.41 (m, 4H), 3.13 (dd, J=10.9, 5.2, 1H), 3.02-2.87 (m, 2H), 2.36-2.24 (m, 6H).

Examples 16-106, 108-214 were prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15.

Example 16 2-{5-[(2,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)carbonyl]hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl}-6-fluoro-1,3-benzothiazole

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15, utilizing Intermediate 38 and 2-chloro-6-fluoro-benzothiazole. MS (ESI) mass calcd. for C₂₂H₂₂FN₃O₃S, 427.5; m/z found, 428.2 [M+H]⁺.

Example 17 2-{5-[(2,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)carbonyl]hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl}-1,3-benzothiazole

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15 utilizing Intermediate 38 and 2-chloro-benzothiazole. MS (ESI) mass calcd. for C₂₂H₂₃N₃O₃S, 409.51; m/z found, 410.2 [M+H]⁺.

Example 18 2-[5-{[2-(1H-Pyrazol-1-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl]quinoxaline

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15 utilizing Intermediate 35 and 2-pyrazol-1-yl-benzoic acid. MS (ESI) mass calcd. for C₂₄H₂₂N₆O, 410.48; m/z found, 411.2 [M+H]⁺.

Example 19 2-{5-[(2-Thiophen-2-ylphenyl)carbonyl]hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl}quinoxaline

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15 utilizing Intermediate 35 and 2-thiophen-2-yl-benzoic acid. MS (ESI) mass calcd. for C₂₅H₂₂N₄OS, 426.54; m/z found, 427.2 [M+H]⁺.

Example 20 2-{5-[(2-Methylnaphthalen-1-yl)carbonyl]hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl}quinoxaline

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15 utilizing Intermediate 35 and 2-methyl-naphthalene-1-carboxylic acid. MS (ESI) mass calcd. for C₂₅H₂₂N₄OS, 426.54; m/z found, 427.2 [M+H]⁺.

Example 21 2-(2,3-Dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-5-ylcarbonyl)-5-(4-phenylpyrimidin-2-yl)octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15 utilizing Intermediate 26 and 2,3-dihydro-benzo[1,4]dioxine-5-carboxylic acid. MS (ESI) mass calcd. for C₂₅H₂₄N₄O₃, 428.50; m/z found, 429.2 [M+H]⁺.

Example 22 2-(4-Phenylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-[(2-thiophen-2-ylphenyl)carbonyl]octahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15 utilizing Intermediate 26 and 2-thiophen-2-yl-benzoic acid. MS (ESI) mass calcd. for C₂₇H₂₄N₄OS, 452.58; m/z found, 453.2 [M+H]⁺.

Example 23 2-(4-Phenylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-{[2-(1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}octahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15 utilizing Intermediate 26 and 2-pyrazol-1-yl-benzoic acid. MS (ESI) mass calcd. for C₂₆H₂₄N₆, 436.52; m/z found, 437.2 [M+H]⁺.

Example 24 2-(4-Phenylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-{[2-(1H-pyrrol-1-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}octahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15 utilizing Intermediate 26 and 2-pyrrol-1-yl-benzoic acid. MS (ESI) mass calcd. for C₂₇H₂₅N₅O, 435.53; m/z found, 436.3 [M+H]⁺.

Example 25 2-[(2-Methylnaphthalen-1-yl)carbonyl]-5-(4-phenylpyrimidin-2-yl)octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15 utilizing Intermediate 26 and 2-methyl-naphthalene-1-carboxylic acid. MS (ESI) mass calcd. for C₂₈H₂₆N₄O, 434.51; m/z found, 435.3 [M+H]⁺.

Example 26 2-(5-Quinoxalin-2-yl-hexahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole-2-carbonyl)-benzonitrile

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15 utilizing Intermediate 35 and 2-cyano-benzoic acid. MS (ESI): mass calculated for C₂₂H₁₉N₅O, 369.43; m/z found 370.3 [M+H]⁺.

Example 27 2-[5-{[2-(1H-Pyrrol-1-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl]quinoxaline

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15 utilizing Intermediate 35 and 2-pyrrol-1-yl-benzoic acid. MS (ESI) mass calcd. for C₂₅H₂₃N₅O, 409.49; m/z found, 410.2 [M+H]⁺.

Example 28 2-{5-[(4′-Fluorobiphenyl-2-yl)carbonyl]hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl}quinoxaline

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15 utilizing Intermediate 35 and 4′-fluoro-biphenyl-2-carboxylic acid. MS (ESI) mass calcd. for C₂₇H₂₃FN₄O, 438.51; m/z found, 439.2 [M+H]⁺.

Example 29 2-{5-[(3′-Fluorobiphenyl-2-yl)carbonyl]hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl}quinoxaline

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15 utilizing Intermediate 35 and 3′-fluoro-biphenyl-2-carboxylic acid. MS (ESI) mass calcd. for C₂₇H₂₃FN₄O, 438.51; m/z found, 439.2 [M+H]⁺.

Example 30 2-{5-[(2-Methylphenyl)carbonyl]hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl}quinoxaline

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15 utilizing Intermediate 35 and 2-methylbenzoic acid. MS (ESI) mass calcd. for C₂₂H₂₂N₄O, 358.45; m/z found, 359.2 [M+H]⁺.

Example 31 2-(Biphenyl-2-ylcarbonyl)-5-(4-furan-2-ylpyrimidin-2-yl)octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15 utilizing Intermediate 17 and 2-chloro-4-furan-2-yl-pyrimidine. MS (ESI) mass calcd. for C₂₇H₂₄N₄O₂, 436.52; m/z found, 437.2 [M+H]⁺.

Example 32 2-(4-Methylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-[(2-thiophen-2-ylphenyl)carbonyl]octahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15 utilizing Intermediate 37 and 2-chloro-4-methyl-pyrimidine. MS (ESI) mass calcd. for C₂₂H₂₂N₄OS, 390.51; m/z found, 391.2 [M+H]⁺.

Example 33 2-{5-[(2-Thiophen-2-ylphenyl)carbonyl]hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl}quinoline

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15 utilizing Intermediate 37 and 2-chloro-quinoline. MS (ESI) mass calcd. for C₂₆H₂₃N₃OS, 425.56; m/z found, 426.2 [M+H]⁺.

Example 34 2-(4-Furan-2-ylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-[(2-thiophen-2-ylphenyl)carbonyl]octahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15 utilizing Intermediate 37 and 2-chloro-4-furan-2-yl-pyrimidine. MS (ESI) mass calcd. for C₂₆H₂₂N₄O₂S, 442.50; m/z found, 443.2 [M+H]⁺.

Example 35 2-{5-[(2-Ethylphenyl)carbonyl]hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl}quinoxaline

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15 utilizing Intermediate 35 and 2-ethylbenzoic acid. MS (ESI) mass calcd. for C₂₃H₂₄N₄O, 372.46; m/z found, 373.2 [M+H]⁺.

Example 36 2-[5-(1H-Indol-7-ylcarbonyl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl]quinoxaline

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15 utilizing Intermediate 35 and 1H-indole-7-carboxylic acid. MS (ESI) mass calcd. for C₂₃H₂₁N₅O, 383.45; m/z found, 384.2 [M+H]⁺.

Example 37 2-[(2-Thiophen-2-ylphenyl)carbonyl]-5-(4-thiophen-2-ylpyrimidin-2-yl)octahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15 utilizing Intermediate 37 and 2-chloro-4-thiophen-2-yl-pyrimidine. MS (ESI) mass calcd. for C₂₅H₂₂N₄OS₂, 458.60; m/z found, 459.1 [M+H]⁺.

Example 38 2-(Biphenyl-2-ylcarbonyl)-5-(4-thiophen-2-ylpyrimidin-2-yl)octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15 utilizing Intermediate 17 and 2-chloro-4-thiophen-2-yl-pyrimidine. MS (ESI) mass calcd. for C₂₇H₂₄N₄OS, 452.57; m/z found, 453.1 [M+H]⁺.

Example 39 [5-(4,6-Dimethyl-pyrimidin-2-yl)-hexahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2-yl]-[2-(1-methyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-phenyl]-methanone

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15 utilizing Intermediate 23 and 2-(1-methyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-benzoic acid. MS (ESI) mass calcd. for C₂₃H₂₆N₆O, 402.50; m/z found, 403.2 [M+H]⁺.

Example 40 2-[(2-Bromophenyl)carbonyl]-5-(4-phenylpyrimidin-2-yl)octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15 utilizing Intermediate 26 and 2-bromobenzoic acid. MS (ESI) mass calcd. for C₂₃H₂₁BrN₄O, 449.34; m/z found, 449.1, 451.1 [M+H]⁺.

Example 41 2-{5-[(3′-Chlorobiphenyl-2-yl)carbonyl]hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl}quinoxaline

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15 utilizing Intermediate 35 and 3′-chloro-biphenyl-2-carboxylic acid. MS (ESI) mass calcd. for C₂₇H₂₃ClN₄O, 454.95; m/z found, 455.1 [M+H]⁺.

Example 42 2-{5-[(2-Bromophenyl)carbonyl]hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl}quinoxaline

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15 utilizing Intermediate 35 and 2-bromobenzoic acid. MS (ESI) mass calcd. for C₂₁H₁₉BrN₄O, 423.31; m/z found, 423.0, 425.0 [M+H]⁺.

Example 43 2-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-[(2-thiophen-2-ylphenyl)carbonyl]octahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15 utilizing Intermediate 37 and 2-chloro-4,6-dimethyl-pyrimidine. MS (ESI) mass calcd. for C₂₃H₂₄N₄OS, 404.53; m/z found, 405.1 [M+H]⁺.

Example 44 2-(Biphenyl-2-ylcarbonyl)-5-(4,6-dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15 utilizing Intermediate 17 and 2-chloro-4,6-dimethyl-pyrimidine. MS (ESI) mass calcd. for C₂₅H₂₆N₄O, 398.5; m/z found, 399.2 [M+H]⁺.

Example 45 2-(4-Methoxypyrimidin-2-yl)-5-[(2-thiophen-2-ylphenyl)carbonyl]octahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15 utilizing Intermediate 37 and 2-chloro-4-methoxy-pyrimidine. MS (ESI) mass calcd. for C₂₂H₂₂N₄O₂S, 406.50; m/z found, 407.0 [M+H]⁺.

Example 46 6-Fluoro-2-{5-[(2-thiophen-2-ylphenyl)carbonyl]hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl}-1,3-benzothiazole

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15 utilizing Intermediate 37 and 2-chloro-6-fluoro-benzothiazole. MS (ESI) mass calcd. for C₂₄H₂₀FN₃OS₂, 449.57; m/z found, 450.0 [M+H]⁺.

Example 47 2-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-[(2-methylnaphthalen-1-yl)carbonyl]octahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to for Example 15 utilizing Intermediate 23 and 2-methyl-naphthalene-1-carboxylic acid. MS (ESI) mass calcd. for C₂₄H₂₆N₄O, 386.5; m/z found, 387.3 [M+H]⁺.

Example 48 2-[(3′-Fluorobiphenyl-2-yl)carbonyl]-5-(4-methylpyrimidin-2-yl)octahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15 utilizing Intermediate 27 and 3′-fluoro-biphenyl-2-carboxylic acid. MS (ESI) mass calcd. for C₂₄H₂₃FN₄O, 402.46; m/z found, 403.1 [M+H]⁺.

Example 49 2-(4-Methoxypyrimidin-2-yl)-5-[(2-methylnaphthalen-1-yl)carbonyl]octahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15 utilizing Intermediate 32 and 2-methyl-naphthalene-1-carboxylic acid. MS (ESI) mass calcd. for C₂₃H₂₄N₄O₂, 388.46; m/z found, 389.1 [M+H]⁺.

Example 50 2-[(2-Methylnaphthalen-1-yl)carbonyl]-5-(4-methylpyrimidin-2-yl)octahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15 utilizing and 2-methyl-naphthalene-1-carboxylic acid. MS (ESI) mass calcd. for C₂₃H₂₄N₄O, 372.46; m/z found, 373.1 [M+H]⁺.

Example 51 2-[(3′-Fluorobiphenyl-2-yl)carbonyl]-5-(4-methoxypyrimidin-2-yl)octahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15 utilizing Intermediate 32 and 3′-fluoro-biphenyl-2-carboxylic acid. MS (ESI) mass calcd. for C₂₄H₂₃FN₄O₂, 418.46; m/z found, 419.1 [M+H]⁺.

Example 52 2-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-[(3′-fluorobiphenyl-2-yl)carbonyl]octahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15 utilizing Intermediate 23 and 3′-fluoro-biphenyl-2-carboxylic acid. MS (ESI) mass calcd. for C₂₅H₂₅FN₄O, 416.49; m/z found, 417.1 [M+H]⁺.

Example 53 [5-(4,6-Dimethyl-pyrimidin-2-yl)-hexahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2-yl]-(2-fluoro-phenyl)-methanone

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15 utilizing Intermediate 23 and 2-fluorobenzoic acid. MS (ESI) mass calcd. for C₁₉H₂₁FN₄O, 340.4; m/z found, 341.2 [M+H]⁺.

Example 54 2-(4-Methoxypyrimidin-2-yl)-5-[(4′-methylbiphenyl-2-yl)carbonyl]octahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15 utilizing Intermediate 32 and 4′-methyl-biphenyl-2-carboxylic acid. MS (ESI) mass calcd. for C₂₅H₂₆N₄O₂, 414.50; m/z found, 415.1 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): 8.06 (d, J=5.7 Hz, 1H), 7.54-7.34 (m, 6H), 7.17 (s, 2H), 6.01 (d, J=5.7 Hz, 1H), 3.90 (s, 3H), 3.82-3.66 (m, 2H), 3.65-3.35 (m, 2H), 3.25-2.55 (m, 6H), 2.33 (s, 3H).

Example 55 2-[(3′-Chlorobiphenyl-2-yl)carbonyl]-5-(4-methoxypyrimidin-2-yl)octahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15 utilizing Intermediate 32 and 3′-chloro-biphenyl-2-carboxylic acid. MS (ESI) mass calcd. for C₂₄H₂₃ClN₄O₂, 434.92; m/z found, 435.1 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): 8.06 (d, J=5.6 Hz, 1H), 7.55-7.33 (m, 6H), 7.32-7.14 (m, 2H), 6.03 (d, J=5.7 Hz, 1H), 3.92 (s, 3H), 3.81-3.64 (m, 2H), 3.61-3.45 (m 2H), 3.14 (br s, 3H), 2.91-2.55 (m, 3H).

Example 56 2-[(2-Ethoxynaphthalen-1-yl)carbonyl]-5-(4-methoxypyrimidin-2-yl)octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

The title compound was prepared according to the procedure used for Example 15 utilizing Intermediate 32 and 2-ethoxy-naphthalene-1-carboxylic acid. MS (ESI) mass calcd. for C₂₄H₂₆N₄O₃, 418.49; m/z found, 419.3 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): rotamers observed, 8.07 (t, J=6.3 Hz, 1H), 7.89-7.76 (m, 2H), 7.74 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 0.6H), 7.66 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 0.4H), 7.50 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 0.6H), 7.46-7.32 (m, 1.5H), 7.31-7.22 (m, 1H), 6.05-6.00 (m, 1H), 4.32-3.81 (m, 7.7H), 3.80-3.52 (m, 3.0H), 3.43-3.31 (m, 1H), 3.27 (dd, J=11.1, 5.9 Hz, 0.6H), 3.19-3.07 (m, 1H), 3.05-2.92 (m 1.5H), 1.46 (t, J=7.0 Hz, 1.3H), 1.36 (t, J=6.9 Hz, 1.8H).

Example 57 2-[(4-Fluoronaphthalen-1-yl)carbonyl]-5-(4-methoxypyrimidin-2-yl)octahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15 utilizing Intermediate 32 and 4-fluoro-naphthalene-1-carboxylic acid. MS (ESI) mass calcd. for C₂₂H₂₁FN₄O₂, 392.43; m/z found, 393.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): 8.22-8.13 (m, 1H), 8.08 (d, J=5.7 Hz, 1H), 7.89 (d, J=7.7 Hz, 1H), 7.66-7.53 (m, 2H), 7.43 (dd, J=7.8, 5.3 Hz, 1H), 7.17 (dd, J=10.1, 7.9 Hz, 1H), 6.04 (d, J=5.7 Hz, 1H), 4.11 (dd, J=12.8, 7.8 Hz, 1H), 4.00-3.80 (m, 5H), 3.80-3.63 (m, 2H), 3.57-3.39 m, 2H), 3.22-3.08 (m, 2H), 3.04-2.92 (m, 1H).

Example 58 2-(4-Methoxypyrimidin-2-yl)-5-(naphthalen-1-ylcarbonyl)octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15 utilizing Intermediate 32 and naphthalene-1-carboxylic acid. MS (ESI) mass calcd. for C₂₂H₂₂N₄O₂, 374.44; m/z found, 375.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): 8.08 (d, J=5.7 Hz, 1H), 7.95-7.81 (m, 3H), 7.59-7.46 (m, 4H), 6.04 (d, J=5.7 Hz, 1H), 4.13 (dd, J=12.8, 7.9 Hz, 1H), 4.00-3.80 (m, 5H), 3.80-3.65 (m, 2H), 3.55-3.40 (m, 2H), 3.22-3.09 (m, 2H), 3.05-2.91 (m, 1H).

Example 59 2-[(2-Ethoxyphenyl)carbonyl]-5-(4-methoxypyrimidin-2-yl)octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

The title compound was prepared according to the procedure used for Example 15 utilizing 2-(4-methoxy-pyrimidin-2-yl)-octahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole and 2-ethoxybenzoic acid. MS (ESI) mass calcd. for C₂₀H₂₄N₄O₃, 368.44; m/z found, 369.3 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): 8.07 (d, J=5.7 Hz, 1H), 7.37-7.28 (m, 2H), 6.99 (t, J=7.4 Hz, 1H), 6.91 (d, J=8.3 Hz, 1H), 6.02 (d, J=5.7 Hz, 1H), 4.07 (q, J=7.0 Hz, 2H), 4.01-3.85 (m, 5H), 3.84-3.70 (m, 2H), 3.65-3.45 (m, 3H), 3.34-3.22 (m, 1H), 3.16-2.92 (m, 2H), 1.35 (t, J=6.8 Hz, 3H).

Example 60 2-[(2-Methoxynaphthalen-1-yl)carbonyl]-5-(4-methoxypyrimidin-2-yl)octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15 utilizing Intermediate 32 and 2-methoxy-naphthalene-1-carboxylic acid. MS (ESI) mass calcd. for C₂₃H₂₄N₄O₃, 404.46; m/z found, 405.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (rotamers observed) 8.12-8.00 (m, 1H), 7.88 (d, J=9.1 Hz, 1H), 7.80 (t, J=7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.70 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 0.6H), 7.63 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 0.4H), 7.49 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 0.6H), 7.45-7.23 (m, 3.4H), 6.06-5.97 (m, 1H), 4.16-4.02 (m, 1H), 3.99-3.79 (m, 7H), 3.80-3.62 (m, 2H), 3.61-3.47 (m, 1H), 3.41-3.28 (m, 1H), 3.25-3.06 (m, 2H), 2.98 (d, J=8.2 Hz, 2H).

Example 61 2-(Biphenyl-2-ylcarbonyl)-5-[4-(1H-pyrazol-4-yl)pyrimidin-2-yl]octahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15 utilizing Intermediate 17 and 2-chloro-4-(1H-pyrazol-3-yl)-pyrimidine. MS (ESI) mass calcd. for C₂₆H₂₄N₆O, 436.57; m/z found, 437.2 [M+H]⁺.

Example 62 2-[4-(1H-Pyrazol-4-yl)pyrimidin-2-yl]-5-[(2-thiophen-2-ylphenyl)carbonyl]octahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15 utilizing Intermediate 37 and 2-chloro-4-(1H-pyrazol-3-yl)-pyrimidine. MS (ESI) mass calcd. for C₂₄H₂₂N₆OS, 442.54; m/z found, 443.1 [M+H]⁺.

Example 63 2-(3,6-Dimethylpyrazin-2-yl)-5-[(2-thiophen-2-ylphenyl)carbonyl]octahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15 utilizing Intermediate 37 and 3-chloro-2,5-dimethyl-pyrazine. MS (ESI) mass calcd. for C₂₃H₂₄N₄OS, 404.54; m/z found, 405.2 [M+H]⁺.

Example 64 2-(Biphenyl-2-ylcarbonyl)-5-(3,5-dimethylpyrazin-2-yl)octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15 utilizing Intermediate 17 and 2-chloro-3,5-dimethyl-pyrazine. MS (ESI) mass calcd. for C₂₅H₂₆N₄O, 398.50; m/z found, 399.2 [M+H]⁺.

Example 65 2-Methyl-3-{5-[(2-thiophen-2-ylphenyl)carbonyl]hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl}quinoxaline

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15 utilizing Intermediate 37 and 2-chloro-3-methyl-quinoxaline. MS (ESI) mass calcd. for C₂₆H₂₄N₄OS, 440.56; m/z found, 441.1 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): rotamers observed 7.77 (d, J=7.9 Hz, 1H), 7.64 (d, J=7.9 Hz, 1H), 7.51-7.40 (m, 2H), 7.40-7.25 (m, 4H), 7.20-7.14 (m, 2H), 6.93 (br s, 1H), 3.86-3.74 (m, 2H), 3.70-3.60 (br m, 1.3H), 3.58-3.40 (br m, 1.6H), 3.26-3.10 (m, 1.7H), 2.95-2.82 (br m, 1.7H), 2.76 (br m, 1.5H), 2.62 (s, 3H).

Example 66 2-[5-(Biphenyl-2-ylcarbonyl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl]-3-methylquinoxaline

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15 utilizing Intermediate 17 and 2-chloro-3-methyl-quinoxaline. MS (ESI) mass calcd. for C₂₈H₂₆N₄O, 434.53; m/z found, 435.1 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): 7.85-7.72 (m, 1H), 7.65 (br s, 1H), 7.53-7.30 (m, 9H), 7.21 (d, J=10.5 Hz, 2H), 3.80-3.54 (br m, 3.5H), 3.44-3.28 (br m, 1.5H), 3.15-2.90 broad (m, 2.5H), 2.85-2.70 (br m, 1.5H), 2.65-2.50 (m, 4H).

Example 67 2-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-{[2-(1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}octahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15 utilizing Intermediate 23 and 2-pyrazol-1-yl-benzoic acid. MS (ESI) mass calcd. for C₂₄H₂₄N₆O, 388.47; m/z found, 389.1 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): rotamers observed, 7.73 (broad d, J=1.9 Hz, 1H), 7.52 (broad d, J=7.9 Hz, 1.6H), 7.48-7.39 (m, 1.3H), 7.38-7.29 (m, 2H), 6.31 (br s, 1H), 6.22 (s, 1H), 3.75-3.64 (m, 2H), 3.46 (dd, J=12.7, 4.4 Hz, 1.4H), 3.38 broad (s, 7H), 3.27 (dd, J=11.7, 4.2 Hz, 1.3H), 3.10 (br s, 1H), 2.90-2.65 (m, 3.3H), 2.23 (s, 6H).

Example 68 2-(4,6-Dimethoxypyrimidin-2-yl)-5-[(2-fluoro-6-pyrimidin-2-ylphenyl)carbonyl]octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15 utilizing Intermediate 14 and Intermediate 39. MS (ESI) mass calcd. for C₂₃H₂₃FN₆O₃, 450.47; m/z found, 451.1 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): rotamers observed, 8.75-8.65 (m, 2H), 8.12-8.01 (m, 1H), 7.45-7.38 (m, 1H), 7.20-7.12 (m, 1H), 7.05 (t, J=4.9 Hz, 1H), 5.32 (s, 1H), 3.96-3.41 (m, 12.4H), 3.32-2.27 (m, 0.7H), 3.22-3.15 (m, 0.5H), 3.06-2.86 (m, 2.4H).

Example 69 2-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-[(2-pyridin-2-ylphenyl)carbonyl]octahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15 utilizing Intermediate 23 and 2-pyridin-2-yl-benzoic acid. MS (ESI) mass calcd. for C₂₄H₂₅N₅O, 399.49; m/z found, 400.1 [M+H]⁺.

Example 70 2-(4,6-Dimethoxypyrimidin-2-yl)-5-[(2-pyridin-2-ylphenyl)carbonyl]octahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15 utilizing Intermediate 39 and 2-pyridin-2-yl-benzoic acid. MS (ESI) mass calcd. for C₂₄H₂₅N₅O₃, 431.49; m/z found, 432.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): 8.49 (d, J=3.9 Hz, 1H), 7.69-7.49 (m, 3H), 7.48-7.29 (m, 3H), 7.15-7.04 (m, 1H), 5.32 (s, 1H), 3.92-3.61 (m, 8H), 3.60-3.40 (m, 2H), 3.35-3.15 (m, 3H), 2.98-2.65 (m, 3H).

Example 71 2-(4,6-Dimethoxypyrimidin-2-yl)-5-[(5-fluoro-2-pyrimidin-2-ylphenyl)carbonyl]octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15 utilizing Intermediate 39 and Intermediate 13. MS (ESI) mass calcd. for C₂₃H₂₃FN₆O₃, 450.18; m/z found, 451.1 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): 8.68 (d, J=4.9 Hz, 2H), 8.25 (dd, J=8.7, 5.5 Hz, 1H), 7.28-7.15 (m, 2H), 7.12 (dd, J=8.6, 2.5 Hz, 1H), 5.31 (s, 1H), 3.84-3.65 (m, 7H), 3.63-3.33 (m, 5H), 3.13-2.86 (m, 4H).

Example 72 2-(4,6-Dimethoxypyrimidin-2-yl)-5-{[5-fluoro-2-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15 utilizing Intermediate 39 and Intermediate 1. MS (ESI) mass calcd. for C₂₂H₂₂FN₇O₃, 439.18; m/z found, 440.1 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): 7.89 (dd, J=8.9, 4.7 Hz, 1H), 7.66 (s, 1H), 7.25-7.01 (m, 2H), 5.32 (s, 1H), 3.77 (m, 8H), 3.67-3.54 (m, 2H), 3.52-3.26 (m, 3H), 3.01-2.78 (m, 3H).

Example 73 2-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-[(2-fluoro-6-pyrimidin-2-ylphenyl)carbonyl]octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15 utilizing Intermediate 23 and Intermediate 14. MS (ESI) mass calcd. for C₂₃H₂₃FN₆O, 418.47; m/z found, 419.1 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): 8.75-8.65 (m, 2H), 8.10-7.96 (m, 1.2H), 7.40 (dd, J=13.8, 8.0 Hz, 1.2H), 7.24-7.08 (m, 2.7H), 7.08-7.00 (m, 0.8H), 6.22 (s, 1H), 4.00-3.39 (m, 7H), 3.34-3.14 (m, 1H), 3.01 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 2H), 2.23 (s, 6H).

Example 74 2-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-[(5-fluoro-2-pyrimidin-2-ylphenyl)carbonyl]octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15 utilizing Intermediate 23 and Intermediate 13. MS (ESI) mass calcd. for C₂₃H₂₃FN₆O, 418.47; m/z found, 419.1 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): 8.81 (d, J=4.9 Hz, 2H), 8.36 (dd, J=8.8, 5.6 Hz, 1H), 7.44-7.14 (m, 3H), 6.44 (s, 1H), 6.44 (s, 1H), 3.98-3.75 (m, 2H), 3.76-3.48 (m, 5H), 3.24-2.97 (m, 3H), 2.32 (s, 6H).

Example 75 2-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-{[5-fluoro-2-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15 utilizing Intermediate 23 and Intermediate 1. MS (ESI): mass calculated for C₂₁H₂₂FN₇O, 407.45, m/z found 408.2 [M+1]⁺. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) 7.97-7.92 (m, 1H), 7.73 (s, 2H), 7.23-7.06 (m, 2H), 6.30 (s, 1H), 3.90-3.80 (m, Hz, 2H), 3.72-3.55 (m, 5.9 Hz, 4H), 3.53-3.46 (m, Hz, 1H), 3.39 (br s, 1H), 3.08-2.87 (m, 4H), 2.30 (s, 6H).

Example 76 2-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-[(2-ethylphenyl)carbonyl]octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15 utilizing Intermediate 23 and 2-ethylbenzoic acid. MS (ESI) mass calcd. for C₂₁H₂₆N₄O, 350.47; m/z found, 351.3 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): 7.34-7.14 (m, 4H), 6.30 (s, 1H), 3.93 (m, 2H), 3.77 (dd, J=11.6, 7.3 Hz, 1H), 3.64 (m, 2H), 3.51-3.41 (m, 2H), 3.16-3.02 (m, 2H), 3.01-2.90 (m, 1H), 2.69-2.57 (m, 2H), 2.29 (s, 6H), 1.20 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 3H).

Example 77 2-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-[(2-ethoxynaphthalen-1-yl)carbonyl]octahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15 utilizing Intermediate 23 and 2-ethoxy-naphthalene-1-carboxylic acid. MS (ESI) mass calcd. for C₂₅H₂₈N₄O₂, 416.53; m/z found, 417.2 [M+H]⁺.

Example 78 2-(4,6-Dimethoxypyrimidin-2-yl)-5-{[2-(1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}octahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15 utilizing Intermediate 39 and 2-pyrazol-1-yl-benzoic acid. MS (ESI) mass calcd. for C₂₂H₂₄N₆O₃, 420.46; m/z found, 421.1 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): 7.74 (d, J=2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.59-7.29 (m, 5H), 6.31 (br s, 1H), 5.32 (s, 1H), 3.90-3.64 (m, 7.8H), 3.61-3.41 (m, 2.2H), 3.40-3.05 (m, 3H), 2.95-2.65 (m, 3H).

Example 79 2-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-[(5-phenyl-1,3-oxazol-4-yl)carbonyl]octahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15 utilizing Intermediate 23 and 5-phenyl-oxazole-4-carboxylic acid. MS (ESI) mass calcd. for C₂₂H₂₃N₅O₂, 389.46; m/z found, 390.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): 7.91 (m, 2H), 7.86 (s, 1H), 7.46-7.33 (m, 3H), 6.28 (s, 1H), 4.03-3.83 (m, 3H), 3.74 (m, 2H), 3.64-3.47 (m, 3H), 3.08-2.98 (m, 2H), 2.29 (m, 6H).

Example 80 2-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-[(5-phenylisoxazol-4-yl)carbonyl]octahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15 utilizing Intermediate 23 and 5-phenyl-isoxazole-4-carboxylic acid. MS (ESI) mass calcd. for C₂₂H₂₃N₅O₂, 389.46; m/z found, 390.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): 8.37 (s, 1H), 7.84-7.75 (m, 2H), 7.49-7.36 (m, 3H), 6.30 (s, 1H), 4.00-3.80 (m, 2H), 3.73-3.62 (m, 2H), 3.59-3.42 (m, 2H), 3.36 (dd, J=11.7, 4.5 Hz, 1H), 3.16-2.85 (m, 3H), 2.37-2.22 (s, 6H).

Example 81 [5-(2-Isopropyl-6-methyl-pyrimidin-4-yl)-hexahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2-yl]-(2-[1,2,3]triazol-2-yl-phenyl)-methanone

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15 utilizing Intermediate 20 and 4-chloro-2-isopropyl-6-methyl-pyrimidine. MS (ESI): mass calculated for C₂₃H₂₇N₇O, 417.51, m/z found 418.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): 7.99 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.73 (s, 2H), 7.59-7.38 (m, 3H), 5.92 (s, 1H), 3.97-2.85 (m, 10H), 2.35 (s, 3H), 1.33-1.21 (m, 6H).

Example 82 2-[(2-Bromophenyl)carbonyl]-5-(4,6-dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15 utilizing Intermediate 23 and 2-bromobenzoic acid. MS (ESI) mass calcd. for C₁₉H₂₁BrN₄O, 401.31; m/z found, 401.1, 403.1 [M+H]⁺.

Example 83 2-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-{[2-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15 utilizing Intermediate 23 and Intermediate 2. MS (ESI) mass calcd. for C₂₁H₂₃N₁₇O, 389.46; m/z found, 374.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): 7.98 (d, J=8.1 Hz, 1H), 7.74 (br s, 2H), 7.55-7.48 (m, 1H), 7.42 (d, J=4.1 Hz, 2H), 6.29 (s, 1H), 3.93-3.81 (m, 2H), 3.64 (m, 3H), 3.48 (dd, J=11.6, 4.2 Hz, 1H), 3.36 (br s, 1H), 3.08-2.86 (m, 3H), 2.30 (s, 6H).

Example 84 2-(4,6-Dimethoxypyrimidin-2-yl)-5-{[2-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15 utilizing Intermediate 20 and 2-chloro-4,6-dimethoxypyrimidine. MS (ESI) mass calcd. for C₂₁H₂₃N₇O₃, 421.46; m/z found, 422.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): 8.05-7.95 (m, 2H), 7.75 (br s, 1H), 7.57-7.48 (m, 1H), 7.46-7.41 (m, 2H), 5.39 (s, 1H), 3.93-3.79 (m, 5H), 3.76-3.62 (m, 2H), 3.56 (dd, J=11.8, 5.4 Hz, 1H), 3.49-3.33 (m, 2H), 2.96 (s, 3H), 2.89 (s, 3H).

Example 85 2-[5-{[2-(4H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl]quinoxaline

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15 utilizing Intermediate 35 and 2-(4H-[1,2,4]triazol-3-yl)benzoic acid. MS (ESI) mass calcd. for C₂₃H₂₁N₇O, 411.47; m/z found, 412.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): 8.28 (s, 1H), 8.11 (d, J=8.1 Hz, 1H), 8.01 (br s, 1H), 7.89 (dd, J=8.2, 1.2 Hz, 1H), 7.69 (dd, J=8.4, 1.0 Hz, 1H), 7.59 (ddd, J=8.4, 7.0, 1.4 Hz, 1H), 7.55-7.43 (m, 2H), 7.42-7.33 (m, 2H), 3.89-4.00 (m, 2H), 3.82-3.72 (m, 2H), 3.71-3.64 (m, 1H), 3.55-3.42 (m, 2H), 3.20-2.98 (m, 3H).

Example 86 2-[5-{[2-(4H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl]-1,3-benzoxazole

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15 utilizing Intermediate 28 and 2-(4H-[1,2,4]triazol-3-yl)-benzoic acid. MS (ESI) mass calcd. for C₂₂H₂₀N₆O₂, 400.43; m/z found, 401.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): 8.15-8.02 (m 2H), 7.56-7.40 (m, 2H), 7.347-7.30 (m, 2H), 7.29-7.23 (m, 1H), 7.17 (td, J=7.7, 1.1 Hz, 1H), 7.05-6.98 (m, 1H), 3.98-3.42 (m, 7H), 3.26-2.93 (m, 3H).

Example 87 2-(4-Methylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-{[2-(4H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}octahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15 utilizing Intermediate 27 and 2-(4H-[1,2,4]triazol-3-yl)benzoic acid. MS (ESI) mass calcd. for C₂₀H₂₁N₇O, 375.55; m/z found, 376.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): 8.18-8.04 (m, 3H), 7.55.7.42 (m, 2H), 7.39-7.33 (m, 1H), 6.39 (d, J=5.0 Hz, 1H), 3.96-3.79 (m, 2H), 3.77-3.63 (m, 2H), 3.62-3.55 (m, 1H), 3.46-3.37 (m, 2H), 3.15-3.06 (m, 1H), 3.05-2.98 (m, 1H), 2.95-2.90 (m, 1H), 2.33 (s, 3H).

Example 88 2-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-[(2-ethoxyphenyl)carbonyl]octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15 utilizing Intermediate 23 and 2-ethoxybenzoic acid. MS (ESI) mass calcd. for C₂₁H₂₆N₄O₂, 366.46; m/z found, 367.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): 7.37-7.21 (m, 2H), 7.03-6.91 (m, 1H), 6.88 (d, J=8.3 Hz, 1H), 6.26 (d, J=20.0 Hz, 1H), 4.04 (q, J=7.0 Hz, 2H), 3.95-3.85 (m, 2H), 3.76 (dd, J=11.5, 7.3 Hz, 1H), 3.69-3.59 (m, 2H), 3.57-3.45 (m, 2H), 3.29-3.20 (m, 1H), 3.12-2.89 (m, 2H), 2.29 (s, 6H), 1.33 (t, J=7.0 Hz, 3H).

Example 89 2-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-{[4-fluoro-2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]carbonyl}octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15 utilizing Intermediate 23 and 2-trifluoromethyl-4-fluorobenzoic acid. MS (ESI) mass calcd. for C₂₀H₂₀F₄N₄O, 408.4; m/z found, 409.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): 7.46-7.27 (m, 3H), 6.37-6.25 (m, 1H), 4.01-3.87 (m, 2H), 3.82-3.76 (m 1H), 3.67-3.57 (m, 2H), 3.53-3.38 (m, 2H), 3.14-3.04 (m, 2H), 3.04-2.96 m, 1H), 2.31 (s 6H).

Example 90 2-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-[(4-fluoronaphthalen-1-yl)carbonyl]octahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15 utilizing Intermediate 23 and 4-fluoro-naphthalene-1-carboxylic acid. MS (ESI) mass calcd. for C₂₃H₂₃FN₄O, 390.45; m/z found, 391.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): 8.16-8.10 (m 1H), 7.92-7.82 (m, 1H), 7.63-7.53 (m, 2H), 7.403-7.36 (m, 1H), 7.14 (dd, J=10.2, 7.8 Hz, 1H), 6.31 (s, 1H), 4.14-4.06 (m, 1H), 3.95-3.89 (m, 1H), 3.84-3.63 (m, 3H), 3.50-3.37 (m, 2H), 3.17-3.08 (m, 2H), 2.98-2.90 (m, 1H), 2.30 (s, 6H).

Example 91 2-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-{[2-(1-methylethyl)phenyl]carbonyl}octahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15 utilizing Intermediate 23 and 2-isopropyl-benzoic acid. MS (ESI) mass calcd. for C₂₂H₂₈N₄O, 364.48; m/z found, 365.3 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): 7.37-7.30 (m, 2H), 7.23-7.10 (m, 2H), 6.30 (s, 1H), 4.00-3.86 (m, 2H), 3.79-3.73 (m, 1H), 3.71-3.58 (m, 2H), 3.51-3.40 (m, 2H), 3.19-2.89 (m, 4H), 2.30 (s, 6H), 1.29-1.17 (m, 6H).

Example 92 2-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-[(3-methoxy-2-methylphenyl)carbonyl]octahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15 utilizing Intermediate 23 and 3-methoxy-2-methyl-benzoic acid. MS (ESI) mass calcd. for C₂₁H₂₆N₄O₂, 366.47; m/z found, 367.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): 7.19 (dd, J=14.3, 6.5 Hz, 1H), 6.81 (dd, J=14.3, 7.8 Hz, 2H), 6.30 (s, 1H), 4.01-3.85 (m, 2H), 3.83 (s, 3H), 3.77 (dd, J=11.6, 7.3 Hz, 1H), 3.69-3.58 (m, 2H), 3.50-3.39 (m, 2H), 3.15-3.00 (m, 2H), 3.00-2.90 (m, 1H), 2.30 (s, 6H), 2.14 (s, 3H).

Example 93 2-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-(naphthalen-1-ylcarbonyl)octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15 utilizing Intermediate 23 and naphthalene-1-carboxylic acid. MS (ESI) mass calcd. for C₂₃H₂₄N₄O, 372.46; m/z found, 373.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): 7.91-7.79 (m, 3H), 7.54-7.40 (m, 4H), 6.30 (s, 1H), 4.11 (dd, J=12.8, 7.9 Hz, 1H), 3.92 (dd, J=11.6, 7.6 Hz, 1H), 3.80 (dd, J=12.8, 4.9 Hz, 1H), 3.75-3.64 (m, 2H), 3.49-3.36 (m, 2H), 3.17-3.06 (m, 2H), 2.97-2.87 (m, 1H), 2.31 (s, 6H).

Example 94 2-[5-{[2-(4H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl]-3-(trifluoromethyl)quinoxaline

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15 utilizing Intermediate 30 and 2-(4H-[1,2,4]triazol-3-yl)-benzoic acid. MS (ESI) mass calcd. for C₂₄H₂₀F₄N₇O, 479.47; m/z found, 480.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): 8.12-7.93 (m, 3H), 7.77 (dd, J=8.5, 0.9 Hz, 1H), 7.69 (ddd, J=8.4, 6.8, 1.4 Hz, 1H), 7.52-7.41 (m, 3H), 7.38-7.34 (m, 1H), 4.01-3.79 (m, 3H), 3.78-3.66 (m, 2H), 3.49 (dd, J=23.0, 15.0 Hz, 2H), 3.16-2.88 (m, 3H).

Example 95 2-Methyl-3-[5-{[2-(4H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl]quinoxaline

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15 utilizing Intermediate 29 and 2-(4H-[1,2,4]triazol-3-yl)-benzoic acid. MS (ESI) mass calcd. for C₂₄H₂₃N₇O, 425.49; m/z found, 426.3 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): 8.13 (d, J=7.3 Hz, 1H), 8.01 (s, 1H), 7.83 (dd, J=8.2, 1.1 Hz, 1H), 7.72 (dd, J=8.3, 1.0 Hz, 1H), 7.59-7.35 (m, 5H), 4.00-3.65 (m, 5H), 3.47 (s, 2H), 3.22-2.89 (m, 3H), 2.70 (s, 3H).

Example 96 2-[6-Methyl-2-(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidin-4-yl]-5-{[2-(4H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15 utilizing Intermediate 31 and 2-(4H-[1,2,4]triazol-3-yl)benzoic acid. MS (ESI) mass calcd. for C₂₁H₂₀F₃N₇O, 443.43; m/z found, 444.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): 8.11-7.99 (m, 2H), 7.55-7.42 (m, 2H), 7.37-7.29 (m, 1H), 6.17 (br s, 1H), 3.92-3.39 (m, 7H), 3.15-2.90 (m 3H), 2.42 (s, 3H).

Example 97 2-[6-Methyl-2-(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidin-4-yl]-5-{[2-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15 utilizing Intermediate 31 and Intermediate 2. MS (ESI) mass calcd. for C₂₁H₂O F₃N₇O, 443.43; m/z found, 444.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): 7.99 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.74 (s, 2H), 7.58-7.49 (m, 1H), 7.48-7.38 (m, 2H), 6.22 (br s, 1H), 4.05-3.33 (m, 7H), 3.24-2.91 (m, 3H), 2.45 (s, 3H).

Example 98 2-{[2-Fluoro-6-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}-5-[6-methyl-2-(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidin-4-yl]octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15 utilizing Intermediate 31 and Intermediate 12. MS (ESI) mass calcd. for C₂₁H₁₉F₄N₇O, 461.42; m/z found, 462.1 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): 7.91-7.78 (m, 2H), 7.72 (s, 1H), 7.54-7.43 (m, 1H), 7.20-7.10 (m, 1H), 6.30-6.20 (br m, 1H), 4.07-3.52 (m, 6H), 3.42-3.02 (m, 4H), 2.47 (d, J=19.9 Hz, 3H).

Example 99 2-{[4-Fluoro-2-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}-5-[6-methyl-2-(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidin-4-yl]octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15 utilizing Intermediate 31 and Intermediate 4. MS (ESI) mass calcd. for C₂₁H₁₉F₄N₇₀, 461.42; m/z found, 462.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): 7.76 (br s, 3H), 7.47-7.36 (m, 1H), 7.19-7.09 (m, 1H), 6.22 (br s, 1H), 4.05-3.32 (m, 7H), 2.98 (dd, J=40.7, 34.8 Hz, 3H), 2.44 (s, 3H).

Example 100 2-(6-Methylpyrazin-2-yl)-5-{[5-methyl-2-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2 yl)phenyl]carbonyl}octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15 utilizing Intermediate 8 and 2-chloro-6-methyl-pyrazine. MS (ESI): mass calculated for C₂₁H₂₃N₇O, 389.46; m/z found 390.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): 7.87-7.81 (m, 1H), 7.75-7.53 (m, 4H), 7.35-7.29 (m, 1H), 7.24-7.18 (m, 1H), 3.94-3.83 (m, 1H), 3.80-3.66 (m, 2H), 3.64-3.54 (m, 1H), 3.50-3.30 (m, 3H), 3.12-2.90 (m, 3H), 2.41 (s, 2H), 2.38 (s, 3H).

Example 101 2-(3,6-Dimethylpyrazin-2-yl)-5-{[2-fluoro-6-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15 utilizing Intermediate 34 and Intermediate 12. MS (ESI): mass calculated for C₂₁H₂₂FN₇O, 407.45; m/z found 408.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): 7.90-7.80 (m, 2H), 7.78-7.71 (m, 2H), 7.54-7.44 (m, 1H), 7.20-7.12 (m, 1H), 3.97-3.90 (m, 1H), 3.86-3.40 (m, 6H), 3.32-3.22 (m, 1H), 3.13-2.91 (m, 2H), 2.55-2.49 (m, 3H), 2.39-2.33 (m, 3H).

Example 102 2-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-[(5-methyl-2-pyrimidin-2-ylphenyl)carbonyl]octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15 utilizing Intermediate 23 and 5-methyl-2-pyrimidin-2-yl-benzoic acid. MS (ESI): mass calculated for C₂₄H₂₆N₆O, 414.51; m/z found 415.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): 8.74 (d, J=4.9, 2H), 8.20 (d, J=8.1, 1H), 7.34-7.28 (m, 1H), 7.17-7.15 (m, 1H), 7.10-7.03 (m, 1H), 6.29 (s, 1H), 3.95-3.79 (m, 2H), 3.76-3.61 (m, 3H), 3.59-3.40 (m, 2H), 3.18-3.10 (m, 1H), 3.09-2.87 (m, 2H), 2.41 (s, 3H), 2.30 (s, 6H).

Example 103 2-(3,6-Dimethylpyrazin-2-yl)-5-[(5-methyl-2-pyrimidin-2-ylphenyl)carbonyl]octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15 utilizing Intermediate 34 and 5-methyl-2-pyrimidin-2-yl-benzoic acid. MS (ESI): mass calculated for C₂₄H₂₆N₆O, 414.51; m/z found 415.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): 8.77 (d, J=4.9, 2H), 8.22 (d, J=8.1, 1H), 7.73 (s, 1H), 7.34-7.29 (m, 1H), 7.21-7.16 (m, 1H), 7.11 (t, J=4.8, 1H), 3.96-3.89 (m, 1H), 3.86-3.79 (m, 1H), 3.74-3.61 (m, 2H), 3.57-3.51 (m, 1H), 3.49-3.38 (m, 2H), 3.18-3.12 (m, 1H), 3.08-2.98 (m, 1H), 2.96-2.86 (m, 1H), 2.50 (s, 3H), 2.42 (s, 3H), 2.36 (s, 3H).

Example 104 2-(3,6-Dimethylpyrazin-2-yl)-5-{[4-fluoro-2-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15 utilizing Intermediate 34 and Intermediate 4. MS (ESI): mass calculated for C₂₁H₂₂FN₇O, 407.45; m/z found 408.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) 7.83-7.72 (m, 4H), 7.42 (dd, J=8.5, 5.8, 1H), 7.14 (ddd, J=8.5, 7.8, 2.5, 1H), 3.94-3.86 (m, 1H), 3.82-3.74 (m, 1H), 3.73-3.60 (m, 2H), 3.56-3.47 (m, 1H), 3.42-3.31 (m, 2H), 3.10-2.82 (m, 3H), 2.50 (s, 3H), 2.36 (s, 3H).

Example 105 2-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-{[5-iodo-2-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15 utilizing Intermediate 23 and Intermediate 12. MS (ESI): mass calculated for C₂₁H₂₂IN₇O, 515.36; m/z found 516.1 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): 7.87-7.80 (m, 1H), 7.79-7.67 (m, 4H), 6.30 (s, 1H), 3.94-3.82 (m, 2H), 3.74-3.56 (m, 3H), 3.53-3.30 (m, 2H), 3.13-2.85 (m, 3H), 2.29 (s, 6H).

Example 106 4-[5-{[2-Fluoro-6-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl]-N,N-dimethyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidin-2-amine

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15 utilizing Intermediate 36 and Intermediate 12. MS (ESI): mass calculated for C₂₂H₂₂F₄N₈O, 490.47; m/z found 491.0 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): 7.89-7.64 (m, 3H), 7.56-7.44 (m, 1H), 7.19-7.10 (m, 1H), 6.01-5.74 (m, 1H), 4.10-2.86 (m, 16H).

Example 107 [5-(4,6-Dimethyl-pyrimidin-2-yl)-hexahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2-yl]-(2-fluoro-6-[1,2,3]triazol-2-yl-phenyl)-methanone

Method A:

[5-(4,6-Dimethyl-pyrimidin-2-yl)-hexahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2-yl]-(2-fluoro-6-[1,2,3]triazol-2-yl-phenyl)-methanone. To a 3-necked, 3 L, round-bottomed flask equipped with a nitrogen line, temperature probe, heating mantle, reflux condenser, mechanical stirrer, and 1 N aq. NaOH scrubber were added 2-fluoro-6-[1,2,3]triazol-2-yl-benzoic acid (Intermediate 12, 120.98 g, 75 wt %, 90.74 g actual, 438 mmol) and toluene (1 L). The mixture was warmed to 50° C. for 1 h with stirring. The mixture was then cooled to 25° C. and thionyl chloride (47.9 mL, 657 mmol) was added. The mixture was warmed back to 50° C. and held for 1 h. During this time, in a separate 5 L jacketed reactor equipped with a mechanical stirrer and temperature probe were added toluene (600 mL), aqueous sodium carbonate (185.7 g, 1.75 mol in 1.6 L water), and 2-(4,6-dimethyl-pyrimidin-2-yl)-octahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole.HOAc (Intermediate 23, 122 g, 438 mmol). This biphasic mixture was cooled to 0° C. After cooling to 0° C., the original slurry was poured through a filter and over the stirring biphasic mixture of amine and aqueous sodium carbonate. The mixture was allowed to warm to room temperature. After 2 h, additional 2-(4,6-dimethyl-pyrimidin-2-yl)-octahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole.HOAc (4 g, 14 mmol) was added and the mixture was stirred for 30 additional minutes. At the end of this period, the layers were separated and 100 mL of methanol were added to the organic layer. The organic layer was dried over MgSO₄, filtered, and concentrated to a white solid. This solid was taken up in ethanol (1.4 L) and warmed to 77° C. The mixture was then cooled to 55° C. and seeded with previously crystallized material. (Note: The seeds were generated from slurrying the initial product in 2-propanol at room temperature [100 mg/mL]). The mixture was cooled to room temperature at a rate of 5° C. per hour. After stirring at room temperature for 14 h, the mixture was filtered and dried to provide the final product as a white crystalline solid (136.84 g, 74%). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): 7.88-7.78 (m, 1.78H), 7.75-7.69 (s, 1.22H), 7.51-7.43 (m, 1H), 7.17-7.11 (m, 1H), 6.30-6.28 (m, 1H), 4.03-3.48 (m, 7H), 3.29-3.21 (m, 1H), 3.15-2.92 (m, 2H), 2.30 (s, 6H). MS (ESI) mass calcd for C₂₁H₂₂FN₇O, 407.19; m/z found, 408 [M+H]⁺. Anal. calcd. for C₂₁H₂₂FN₇OC, 61.90; H, 5.44; N, 24.06. found C, 61.83; H, 5.42; N, 24.08.

Method B:

Step A: A one-piece EasyMax reactor was equipped with a mechanical stirred, a temperature probe, a reflux condenser and an NaOH scrubber. To the reactor was added 2-fluoro-6-triazol-2-yl benzoic acid (15.01 g, 72.5 mmol) and toluene (150.0 g), N,N dimethylformamide (0.06 g, 0.26 mmol) was then added, the reaction was held at 20° C. prior to the addition of thionyl chloride (11.31 g, 94.1 mmol) via syringe pump. The reaction mixture was then heated to 50° C. over 15 minutes and then was stirred at that temperature for 1.5 hours. The mixture was then heated to 55° C. and 20.4 g of solvent were distilled in vacuo to give 139.4 g of acid chloride solution which was used as is in Step C below.

Step B. In a 500 mL jacketed reactor equipped with a mechanical stirrer, thermometer and reflux condenser was charged with 2-(4,6-dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole, bis-HCl salt (21.01 g, 72.1 mmol) and toluene (60.1 g) and the slurry was stirred at 0° C. Sodium carbonate (30.6 g, 288.7 mmol) was then separately dissolved in water (151.5 g) and then added to the slurry over 15 minutes to give the crude amine solution which was used directly in Step C.

Step C. To the crude amine solution from Step B in a 500 mL reactor held at 0° C. was added the crude acid chloride solution from Step 1 and the reaction was held at 0° C. for another 15 minutes, then heated to 30° C. over 30 minutes. During this time the product started to precipitate and the aqueous layer formed a slurry. The reaction was then cooled to 20° C. over 30 minutes and stirred at this temperature overnight. The mixture was then heated to 75° C. over 40 minutes and stirred for 35 minutes. Stirring was then stopped and after 30 minutes the aqueous layer was removed. To the organic layer was then added water (90.0 g) and the mixture was stirred for 20 minutes at 75° C., then the stirrer was again stopped. After 10 minutes the aqueous layer was removed. To the remaining organic layer was added water (90.0 g) and the mixture was again stirred at 75° C. for 15 minutes, before the stirrer was again stopped, and after 10 minutes the aqueous layer was again removed. Distillation of the remaining toluene solution was then performed (at 75° C., 350 mbar) to remove 70 mL of solvent. The remaining solution was then cooled to 50° C., and stirred for 20 minutes prior to the addition of Example 107 (0.04 g, seed crystals to start the crystallization). The reaction was then stirred at 50° C. for 1.5 hour, then the thin suspension was cooled to 30° C. over 1 hour then cooled to 0° C. over 1 hour. After 90 minutes the product was isolated by suction filtration, the filter cake was washed with cyclohexane (75 g), then washed with water (85.0 g) and the wet product cake was dried in vacuo at 55° C. overnight to give the title compound (25.21 g, 83%), Purity was assessed by HPLC (99.3%, 99.6%, and 99.3 area % (at 254, 235, and 280 nm, respectively).

Step D: The product of Step C (20.0 g, 48.9 mmol) was added to a one-piece EasyMax reactor and activated charcoal (Norit CN1, 2.00 g), ethanol (120.0 g) and 2-propanol (20.0 g) were then added. The mixture was heated to 85° C. over 30 minutes, then stirred for 45 minutes, then cooled to 75° C. over 15 minutes. The mixture was then filtered via a glass fiber filter, the filter was washed with 2-propanol (20.0 g) that was previously heated to 70° C. The filtrates were then placed into a 500 mL jacketed reactor equipped with a mechanical stirrer, reflux condenser and thermometer and heated to 85° C., stirred for 5 minutes, cooled to 55° C. over 20 minutes and after 10 minutes at 55° C. a suspension of Example 107 (0.02 g) in 2-propanol (0.20 g) was added. The resulting thin suspension was stirred at 55° C. for 1 hour, then was cooled to 45 over 1 hour and stirred for 30 minutes before it was cooled to 0° C. over 3 hours and was stirred at that temperature overnight. After 13 hours, the product was isolated by suction filtration, the filter cake was washed via the reactor with 2-propanol (40.0 g, at 10° C.) to provide the wet product cake which was dried in vacuo at 60° C. overnight to give the title compound (18.18 g, 91.3%) as a white to off-white crystalline solid. Purity was assessed by HPLC (99.7%, 99.8%, and 99.6 area % (at 254, 235, and 280 nm, respectively). Assays for residual solvents showed the following: ethanol 1089 ppm, 2-propanol 348 ppm, toluene 202 ppm, cyclohexane <20 ppm.

Example 108 N,N-Dimethyl-4-{5-[(5-methyl-2-pyrimidin-2-ylphenyl)carbonyl]hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl}-6-(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidin-2-amine

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15 utilizing Intermediate 36 and 5-methyl-2-pyrimidin-2-yl-benzoic acid. MS (ESI): mass calculated for C₂₅H₂₆F₃N₇O, 497.53; m/z found 498.0 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): 8.67 (dd, J=20.0, 4.9, 2H), 8.20 (d, J=10.1, 1H), 7.34-7.30 (m, 1H), 7.19-7.15 (m, 1H), 7.13-7.03 (m, 1H), 5.85 (br s, 1H), 3.98-2.83 (m, 16H), 2.42 (s, 3H).

Example 109 4-{5-[(5-Fluoro-2-pyrimidin-2-ylphenyl)carbonyl]hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl}-N,N-dimethyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidin-2-amine

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15 utilizing Intermediate 36 and Intermediate 13. MS (ESI): mass calculated for C₂₄H₂₃F₄N₇O, 501.49; m/z found 502.0 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): 8.70 (d, J=4.9, 2H), 8.38-8.31 (m, 1H), 7.24-7.17 (m, 1H), 7.14-7.02 (m, 2H), 5.86 (br s, 1H), 4.06-2.78 (m, 16H).

Example 110 4-[5-{[5-Fluoro-2-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl]-N, N-dimethyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidin-2-amine

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15 utilizing Intermediate 36 and Intermediate 1. MS (ESI): mass calculated for C₂₂H₂₂F₄N₈O, 490.46; m/z found 490.9 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): 8.00-7.92 (m, 1H), 7.78-7.64 (m, 2H), 7.26-7.20 (m, 1H), 7.17-7.11 (m, 1H), 5.87 (br s, 1H), 3.96-2.87 (m, 16H).

Example 111 [5-(2-Dimethylamino-6-trifluoromethyl-pyrimidin-4-yl)-hexahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2-yl]-(4-fluoro-2-[1,2,3]triazol-2-yl-phenyl)-methanone

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15 utilizing Intermediate 36 and Intermediate 4. MS (ESI): mass calculated for C₂₂H₂₂F₄N₈O, 490.46; m/z found 490.9 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): 7.84-7.64 (m, 3H), 7.45-7.36 (m, 1H), 7.20-7.07 (m, 1H), 5.87 (br s, 1H), 4.04-2.79 (m, 16H).

Example 112 2-[(5-Methyl-2-pyrimidin-2-ylphenyl)carbonyl]-5-[6-methyl-2-(trifluoromethyl) pyrimidin-4-yl]octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15 utilizing Intermediate 31 and 5-methyl-2-pyrimidin-2-yl-benzoic acid. MS (ESI): mass calculated for C₂₄H₂₃F₃N₆O, 468.48; m/z found 469.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): 8.80-8.68 (m, 2H), 8.27-8.13 (m, 1H), 7.35-7.29 (m, 1H), 7.20-7.03 (m, 2H), 6.31-6.04 (m, 1H), 4.15-2.80 (m, 10H), 2.56-2.30 (m, 6H).

Example 113 2-[(5-Fluoro-2-pyrimidin-2-ylphenyl)carbonyl]-5-(4-phenylpyrimidin-2-yl)octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15 utilizing Intermediate 26 and Intermediate 13. MS (ESI): mass calculated for C₂₇H₂₃FN₆O, 466.52; m/z found 467.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): 8.72-8.66 (m, 2H), 8.44-8.29 (m, 2H), 8.16-8.02 (m, 2H), 7.53-7.45 (m, 3H), 7.21-7.14 (m, 1H), 7.10-7.06 (m, 1H), 7.01-6.98 (m, 1H), 6.87 (br s, 1H), 4.05-3.50 (m, 7H), 3.31-2.98 (m, 3H).

Example 114 2-{[5-Fluoro-2-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}-5-[6-methyl-2-(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidin-4-yl]octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15 utilizing Intermediate 21 and 4-chloro-6-methyl-2-trifluoromethyl-pyrimidine. MS (ESI): mass calculated for C₂₁H₁₉F₄N₇O, 461.42; m/z found 462.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): 8.04-7.87 (m, 1H), 7.81-7.63 (m, 1H), 7.29-7.18 (m, 1H), 7.17-7.08 (m, 1H), 6.31-6.03 (m, 1H), 4.13-2.84 (m, 10H), 2.44 (s, 3H).

Example 115 [5-(2,6-Dimethyl-pyrimidin-4-yl)-hexahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2-yl]-(5-fluoro-2-[1,2,3]triazol-2-yl-phenyl)-methanone

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15 utilizing Intermediate 21 and 4-chloro-2,6-dimethyl-pyrimidine. MS (ESI): mass calculated for C₂₁H₂₂FN₇O, 407.45, m/z found 408.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) 7.97 (dd, J=9.0, 4.8 Hz, 1H), 7.73 (s, 2H), 7.25-7.19 (m, 1H), 7.16-7.10 (m, 1H), 5.94 (s, 1H), 3.95-2.88 (m, 10H), 2.50 (s, 3H), 2.34 (s, 3H).

Example 116 4-{5-[(2-Fluoro-6-pyrimidin-2-ylphenyl)carbonyl]hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl}-N,N-dimethyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidin-2-amine

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15 utilizing Intermediate 36 and Intermediate 14. MS (ESI): mass calculated for C₂₄H₂₃F₄N₇O, 501.49; m/z found 502.0 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): 8.86-8.63 (m, 2H), 8.22-8.05 (m, 1H), 7.56-7.40 (m, 1H), 7.29-7.18 (m, 1H), 7.12 (br s, 1H), 6.03-5.73 (m, 1H), 4.19-2.90 (m, 16H).

Example 117 2-[(2-Fluoro-6-pyrimidin-2-ylphenyl)carbonyl]-5-[6-methyl-2-(trifluoromethyl) pyrimidin-4-yl]octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15 utilizing Intermediate 31 and Intermediate 14. MS (ESI): mass calculated for C₂₃H₂₀F₄N₆O, 472.45; m/z found 473.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): 8.81-8.72 (m, 2H), 8.21-8.01 (m, 1H), 7.54-7.42 (m, 1H), 7.27-7.20 (m, 1H), 7.18-7.10 (m, 1H), 6.36-6.04 (m, 1H), 4.19-2.93 (m, 10H), 2.60-2.29 (m, 3H).

Example 118 2-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-{[4-fluoro-2-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15 utilizing Intermediate 23 and Intermediate 1. MS (ESI): mass calculated for C₂₁H₂₂FN₇O, 408.45; m/z found 408.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): 7.81-7.69 (m, 3H), 7.43-7.36 (m, 1H), 7.16-7.08 (m, 1H), 6.30 (s, 1H), 3.93-3.81 (m, 2H), 3.75-3.56 (m, 3H), 3.52-3.30 (m, 2H), 3.10-2.87 (m, 3H), 2.30 (s, 6H).

Example 119 N,N,6-Trimethyl-2-[5-{[2-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}hexahydro pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl]pyrimidin-4-amine

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15 utilizing Intermediate 20 and (2-chloro-6-methyl-pyrimidin-4-yl)-dimethyl-amine. MS (ESI): mass calculated for C₂₂H₂₆N₈O, 418.50; m/z found 419.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): 8.02-7.94 (m, 1H), 7.75 (s, 2H), 7.56-7.46 (m, 1H), 7.44-7.36 (m, 2H), 5.69 (s, 1H), 3.92-3.81 (m, 2H), 3.76-3.62 (m, 2H), 3.60-3.52 (m, 1H), 3.50-3.42 (m, 1H), 3.40-3.29 (m, 1H), 3.04 (s, 6H), 3.01-2.80 (m, 3H), 2.24 (s, 3H).

Example 120 N,N,4-Trimethyl-6-[5-{[2-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}hexahydro pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl]pyrimidin-2-amine

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15 utilizing Intermediate 20 and (4-chloro-6-methyl-pyrimidin-2-yl)-dimethyl-amine. MS (ESI): mass calculated for C₂₂H₂₆N₈O, 418.50; m/z found 419.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): 8.01-7.95 (m, 1H), 7.80-7.65 (m, 2H), 7.57-7.48 (m, 1H), 7.45-7.35 (m, 2H), 5.51-5.39 (m, 1H), 3.91-2.85 (m, 19H).

Example 121 N,N-Dimethyl-4-[5-{[2-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl]-6-(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidin-2-amine

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15 utilizing Intermediate 20 and (4-chloro-6-trifluoromethyl-pyrimidin-2-yl)-dimethyl-amine. MS (ESI): mass calculated for C₂₂H₂₃F₃N₈O, 472.47; m/z found 473.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃: 8.02-7.95 (m, 1H), 7.73 (s, 2H), 7.57-7.50 (m, 1H), 7.46-7.39 (m, 2H), 5.97-5.75 (m, 1H), 3.99-2.80 (m, 16H).

Example 122 2-(2,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-4-yl)-5-{[2-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15 utilizing Intermediate 20 and 4-chloro-2,6-dimethyl-pyrimidine. MS (ESI): mass calculated for C₂₁H₂₃N₇O, 408.45; m/z found 389.46 [M+H]⁺; m/z found 390.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): 8.01-7.95 (m, 1H), 7.74 (s, 2H), 7.56-7.37 (m, 3H), 6.01-5.85 (m, 1H), 3.99-2.86 (m, 10H), 2.50 (s, 3H), 2.34 (s, 3H).

Example 123 [5-(3,6-Dimethyl-pyrazin-2-yl)-hexahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2-yl]-(5-methyl-2-[1,2,3]triazol-2-yl-phenyl)-methanone

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15 utilizing Intermediate 19 and 3-chloro-2,5-dimethyl-pyrazine. MS (ESI): mass calculated for C₂₂H₂₅N₇O, 413.49, m/z found 404.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) 7.85 (d, J=8.3 Hz, 1H), 7.78-7.70 (m, 3H), 7.35-7.29 (m, 1H), 7.25-7.21 (m, 1H), 3.92-3.85 (m, 1H), 3.80-3.72 (m, 1H), 3.70-3.59 (m, 2H), 3.53-3.47 (m, 1H), 3.45-3.23 (m, 1H), 3.04-2.78 (m, 4H), 2.50 (s, 3H), 2.42 (s, 3H), 2.36 (s, 3H).

Example 124 2-[5-{[5-Fluoro-2-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl]-N,N,6-trimethylpyrimidin-4-amine

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15 utilizing Intermediate 21 and (2-chloro-6-methyl-pyrimidin-4-yl)-dimethyl-amine. MS (ESI): mass calculated for C₂₂H₂₅FN₈O, 435.49; m/z found 437.3 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): 7.99-7.93 (m, 1H), 7.73 (s, 2H), 7.23-7.18 (m, 1H), 7.15-7.12 (m, 1H), 5.69 (s, 1H), 3.88-3.80 (m, 2H), 3.71-3.62 (m, 2H), 3.59-3.52 (m, 1H), 3.49-3.32 (m, 2H), 3.15-2.83 (m, 9H), 2.24 (s, 3H).

Example 125 2-(5-Methoxypyridin-2-yl)-5-[(2-thiophen-2-ylphenyl)carbonyl]octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15 utilizing Intermediate 37 and 2-chloro-5-methoxy-pyridine. MS (ESI): mass calculated for C₂₃H₂₃N₃O₂S, 405.52; m/z found 406.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): 7.88 (d, J=2.7, 1H), 7.54-7.47 (m, 1H), 7.45-7.31 (m, 4H), 7.25-7.19 (m, 1H), 7.18-7.12 (m, 1H), 7.06-6.88 (m, 1H), 6.30-6.13 (m, 1H), 3.94-2.47 (m, 13H).

Example 126 2-[(2-Ethoxynaphthalen-1-yl)carbonyl]-5-(4-phenylpyrimidin-2-yl)octahydro pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15 utilizing Intermediate 26 and 2-ethoxy-naphthalene-1-carboxylic acid. MS (ESI): mass calculated for C₂₉H₂₈N₄O₂, 464.57; m/z found 465.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): 8.42-8.33 (m, 1H), 8.14-7.98 (m, 2H), 7.89-7.61 (m, 3H), 7.53-7.43 (m, 3H), 7.41-7.18 (m, 3H), 7.01-6.95 (m, 1H), 4.31-2.91 (m, 12H), 1.49-1.23 (m, 3H).

Example 127 2-{[5-Methyl-2-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}-5-(4-phenylpyrimidin-2-yl)octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15 utilizing Intermediate 19 and 2-chloro-4-phenyl-pyrimidine. MS (ESI): mass calculated for C₂₆H₂₅N₇O, 451.53; m/z found 452.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): 8.43-8.32 (m, 1H), 8.15-7.99 (m, 2H), 7.88-7.80 (m, 1H), 7.78-7.57 (m, 2H), 7.55-7.39 (m, 3H), 7.34-7.28 (m, 1H), 7.25-7.21 (m, 1H), 7.01-6.96 (m, 1H), 4.09-2.87 (m, 10H), 2.41 (s, 3H).

Example 128 (4-Chloro-2-[1,2,3]triazol-2-yl-phenyl)-[5-(4,6-dimethyl-pyrimidin-2-yl)-hexahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2-yl]-methanone

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15 utilizing Intermediate 6 and 2-chloro-4,6-dimethylpyrimidine. MS (ESI): mass calculated for C₂₁H₂₂ClN₇O, 423.91; m/z found 424.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): 8.03 (t, J=10.1 Hz, 1H), 7.76 (s, 2H), 7.41-7.29 (m, 2H), 6.30 (s, 1H), 3.92-3.79 (m, 2H), 3.74-3.58 (m, 3H), 3.53-3.29 (m, 2H), 3.10-2.86 (m, 3H), 2.30 (s, 6H).

Example 129 2-(4,6-Dimethoxypyrimidin-2-yl)-5-{[5-methyl-2-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15 utilizing Intermediate 19 and 2-chloro-4,6-dimethoxypyrimidine. MS (ESI): mass calculated for C₂₂H₂₅N₇O₃, 435.49; m/z found 436.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): 7.85 (d, J=8.3, 1H), 7.72 (s, 2H), 7.34-7.29 (m, 1H), 7.24-7.21 (m, 1H), 5.39 (s, 1H), 3.99-3.60 (m, 10H), 3.57-3.27 (m, 3H), 3.08-2.82 (m, 3H), 2.41 (s, 3H).

Example 130 2-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-{[5-methyl-2-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15 utilizing Intermediate 19 and 2-chloro-4,6-dimethylpyrimidine. MS (ESI): mass calculated for C₂₂H₂₅N₇O, 403.49; m/z found 404.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): 7.84 (d, J=8.3, 1H), 7.72 (br s, 2H), 7.33-7.29 (m, 1H), 7.23-7.20 (m, 1H), 6.29 (s, 1H), 3.91-3.80 (m, 2H), 3.73-3.54 (m, 3H), 3.50-3.24 (m, 2H), 3.07-2.81 (m, 3H), 2.40 (s, 3H), 2.29 (s, 6H).

Example 131 2-(4-Phenylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-{[2-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}octahydro pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15 utilizing Intermediate 26 and Intermediate 2. MS (ESI): mass calculated for C₂₅H₂₃N₇O, 437.50; m/z found 438.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): 8.46-8.31 (m, 1H), 8.21-7.91 (m, 3H), 7.82-7.59 (m, 2H), 7.58-7.39 (m, 6H), 7.01-6.97 (m, 1H), 4.04-3.31 (m, 7H), 3.17-2.86 (m, 3H).

Example 132 2-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-{[5-(2-fluorophenyl)-2-methyl-1,3-thiazol-4-yl]carbonyl}octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15 utilizing Intermediate 18 and 2-chloro-4,6-dimethylpyrimidine. MS (ESI): mass calculated for C₂₃H₂₄FN₅OS, 437.54; m/z found 438.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): 7.50-7.44 (m, 1H), 7.32-7.23 (m, 1H), 7.16-7.04 (m, 2H), 6.29 (s, 1H), 3.93-3.80 (m, 2H), 3.76-3.67 (m, 2H), 3.61-3.54 (m, 1H), 3.51-3.37 (m, 2H), 3.29-3.22 (m, 1H), 3.03-2.87 (m, 2H), 2.73 (s, 3H), 2.30 (s, 6H).

Example 133 2-[(2-Thiophen-2-ylphenyl)carbonyl]-5-[6-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]octahydro pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15 utilizing Intermediate 37 and 2-chloro-6-trifluoromethyl-pyridine. MS (ESI): mass calculated for C₂₃H₂₀F₃N₃OS, 443.49; m/z found 444.1 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): 7.62-7.33 (m, 5H), 7.29-7.05 (m, 2H), 7.04-6.80 (m, 2H), 6.37 (s, 1H), 4.01-2.47 (m, 10H).

Example 134 2-(6-Methylpyridin-2-yl)-5-[(2-thiophen-2-ylphenyl)carbonyl]octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15 utilizing Intermediate 37 and 2-chloro-6-methyl-pyridine. MS (ESI): mass calculated for C₂₃H₂₃N₃OS, 389.52; m/z found 390.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): 7.56-7.47 (m, 1H), 7.45-7.10 (m, 6H), 7.07-6.91 (m, 1H), 6.43 (d, J=7.2, 1H), 6.04 (s, 1H), 3.96-2.57 (m, 10H), 2.38 (s, 3H).

Example 135 2-(4-Methylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-{[2-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}octahydro pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15 utilizing Intermediate 20 and 2-chloro-4-methyl-pyrimidine. MS (ESI): mass calculated for C₂₀H₂₁N₇O, 375.43; m/z found 376.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): 8.17 (d, J=5.0, 1H), 7.98 (d, J=8.1, 1H), 7.75 (s, 2H), 7.56-7.48 (m, 1H), 7.44-7.40 (m, 2H), 6.40 (d, J=5.0, 1H), 3.94-3.81 (m, 2H), 3.75-3.54 (m, 3H), 3.52-3.31 (m, 2H), 3.10-2.88 (m, 3H), 2.35 (s, 3H).

Example 136 2-(4-Methylpyridin-2-yl)-5-[(2-thiophen-2-ylphenyl)carbonyl]octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15 utilizing Intermediate 37 and 2-chloro-4-methyl-pyridine. MS (ESI): mass calculated for C₂₃H₂₃N₃OS, 389.52; m/z found 390.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): 8.00 (d, J=5.2, 1H), 7.56-7.47 (m, 1H), 7.45-7.31 (m, 3H), 7.25-7.11 (m, 2H), 7.09-6.90 (m, 1H), 6.42 (d, J=5.2, 1H), 6.06 (br s, 1H), 3.98-2.59 (m, 10H), 2.27 (s, 3H).

Example 137 2-(6-Methoxypyridin-2-yl)-5-[(2-thiophen-2-ylphenyl)carbonyl]octahydro pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15 utilizing Intermediate 37 and 2-chloro-6-methoxy-pyridine. MS (ESI): mass calculated for C₂₃H₂₃N₃O₂S, 405.52; m/z found 406.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): 7.56-7.47 (m, 1H), 7.46-7.30 (m, 4H), 7.25-7.12 (m, 2H), 7.09-6.90 (m, 1H), 6.01 (d, J=7.6, 1H), 5.77 (br s, 1H), 3.85 (s, 3H), 3.71-2.59 (m, 10H).

Example 138 2-(4,6-Dimethoxypyrimidin-2-yl)-5-[(2-thiophen-2-ylphenyl)carbonyl]octahydro pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15 utilizing Intermediate 37 and 2-chloro-4,6-dimethoxy-pyridine. MS (ESI): mass calculated for C₂₃H₂₄N₄O₃S, 436.54; m/z found 437.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): 7.52 (d, J=7.5, 1H), 7.45-7.33 (m, 3H), 7.30-7.15 (m, 2H), 7.00 (br s, 1H), 5.38 (s, 1H), 3.97-2.60 (m, 16H).

Example 139 2-{5-[(2-Thiophen-2-ylphenyl)carbonyl]hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl}-1,3-benzoxazole

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15 utilizing Intermediate 37 and 2-chloro-benzooxazole. MS (ESI): mass calculated for C₂₄H₂₁N₃O₂S, 415.52; m/z found 416.1 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): 7.83-6.68 (m, 11H), 4.20-2.47 (m, 10H).

Example 140 2-[(2-Thiophen-2-ylphenyl)carbonyl]-5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]octahydro pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15 utilizing Intermediate 37 and 2-chloro-3-trifluoromethyl-pyridine. MS (ESI): mass calculated for C₂₃H₂₀F₃N₃OS, 443.49; m/z found 444.1 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): 8.28 (dd, J=4.7, 1.4, 1H), 7.79 (dd, J=7.8, 1.8, 1H), 7.55-7.49 (m, 1H), 7.46-7.33 (m, 3H), 7.30-7.19 (m, 2H), 7.01 (br s, 1H), 6.71 (dd, J=7.7, 4.7, 1H), 3.98-2.54 (m, 10H).

Example 141 [5-(4-Phenyl-pyrimidin-2-yl)-hexahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrolo-2-yl]-[2-(4H-[1,2,4]triazol-3-yl)-phenyl]-methanone

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15 utilizing Intermediate 26 and 2-(4H-[1,2,4]triazol-3-yl)benzoic acid. MS (ESI): mass calculated for C₂₅H₂₃N₇O, 437.50; m/z found 438.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): 12.43 (br s, 1H), 8.36 (d, J=5.2 Hz, 1H), 8.14 (d, J=7.5 Hz, 1H), 8.08-7.91 (m, 3H), 7.60-7.42 (m, 5H), 7.39-7.31 (m, 1H), 6.98 (t, J=6.1 Hz, 1H), 4.01-3.87 (m, 2H), 3.85-3.65 (m, 3H), 3.61-3.40 (m, 2H), 3.28-2.89 (m, 3H).

Example 142 2-(4,6-Dimethoxypyrimidin-2-yl)-5-{[5-(2-fluorophenyl)-2-methyl-1,3-thiazol-4-yl]carbonyl}octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15 utilizing Intermediate 18 and 2-chloro-4,6-dimethoxypyrimidine. MS (ESI): mass calculated for C₂₃H₂₄FN₅O₃S, 469.54; m/z found 470.0 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): 7.47 (td, J=7.6, 1.7, 1H), 7.32-7.24 (m, 1H), 7.17-7.11 (m, 1H), 7.10-7.03 (m, 1H), 5.39 (s, 1H), 3.94-3.78 (m, 8H), 3.75-3.65 (m, 2H), 3.61 (dd, J=12.8, 4.3, 1H), 3.45-3.35 (m, 2H), 3.24 (dd, J=11.4, 5.4, 1H), 3.02-2.85 (m, 2H), 2.72 (s, 3H).

Example 143 2-(4-Thiophen-2-ylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-{[2-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15 utilizing Intermediate 20 and 2-chloro-4-thiophen-2-yl-pyrimidine. MS (ESI): mass calculated for C₂₃H₂₁N₇OS, 443.53; m/z found 444.1 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): 8.35-8.25 (m, 1H), 7.98 (d, J=8.1, 1H), 7.80-7.63 (m, 3H), 7.56-7.38 (m, 4H), 7.18-7.09 (m, 1H), 6.85 (d, J=5.2, 1H), 4.00-3.35 (m, 7H), 3.13-2.89 (m, 3H).

Example 144 2-[5-{[2-(2H-1,2,3-Triazol-2-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl]-1,3-benzoxazole

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15 utilizing Intermediate 20 and 2-chloro-benzooxazole. MS (ESI): mass calculated for C₂₂H₂₀N₆O₂, 400.44; m/z found 401.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): 7.99 (d, J=8.1, 1H), 7.74 (s, 2H), 7.57-7.49 (m, 1H), 7.46-7.40 (m, 2H), 7.40-7.36 (m, 1H), 7.30-7.25 (m, 1H), 7.21-7.15 (m, 1H), 7.06-7.01 (m, 1H), 4.00-3.85 (m, 2H), 3.83-3.72 (m, 2H), 3.68-3.61 (m, 1H), 3.59-3.41 (m, 2H), 3.19-2.97 (m, 3H).

Example 145 2-{5-[(2-Ethoxynaphthalen-1-yl)carbonyl]hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl}quinoxaline

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15 utilizing 2-(hexahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2-yl)-quinoxaline (Intermediate 35) and 2-ethoxy-naphthalene-1-carboxylic acid. MS (ESI): mass calculated for C₂₇H₂₆N₄O₂, 438.53; m/z found 439.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): 8.32 (d, J=16.4, 1H), 7.95-7.55 (m, 6H), 7.52-7.17 (m, 4H), 4.34-2.94 (m, 12H), 1.49-1.19 (m, 3H).

Example 146 2-{5-[(5-Fluoro-2-pyrimidin-2-ylphenyl)carbonyl]hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl}quinoxaline

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15 utilizing Intermediate 35 and Intermediate 13. MS (ESI): mass calculated for C₂₅H₂₁FN₆O, 440.48; m/z found 441.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): 8.71 (d, J=4.9, 2H), 8.37-8.30 (m, 2H), 7.92-7.88 (m, 1H), 7.72-7.69 (m, 1H), 7.63-7.57 (m, 1H), 7.43-7.37 (m, 1H), 7.23-7.17 (m, 1H), 7.11-7.05 (m, 2H), 4.03-3.93 (m, 2H), 3.87-3.70 (m, 3H), 3.67-3.56 (m, 2H), 3.26-3.03 (m, 3H).

Example 147 2-(6-Ethoxypyridin-2-yl)-5-{[2-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}octahydro pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15 utilizing Intermediate 20 and 2-chloro-6-ethoxypyridine. MS (ESI): mass calculated for C₂₂H₂₄N₆O₂, 404.47; m/z found 405.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): 7.98 (d, J=8.1, 1H), 7.72 (s, 2H), 7.56-7.49 (m, 1H), 7.46-7.33 (m, 3H), 6.00 (d, J=7.7, 1H), 5.83 (d, J=7.9, 1H), 4.33-4.23 (m, 2H), 3.93-3.82 (m, 1H), 3.79-3.67 (m, 2H), 3.59-3.49 (m, 1H), 3.47-3.33 (m, 2H), 3.32-3.25 (m, 1H), 3.11-2.86 (m, 3H), 1.38 (t, J=7.1, 3H).

Example 148 2-[(5-Fluoro-2-pyrimidin-2-ylphenyl)carbonyl]-5-[4-(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidin-2-yl]octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15 utilizing Intermediate 33 and Intermediate 13. MS (ESI): mass calculated for C₂₂H₁₈F₄N₆O, 459.42; m/z found 459.1 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): 8.74 (d, J=4.9, 2H), 8.60-8.28 (m, 2H), 7.23-7.04 (m, 3H), 6.84-6.75 (m, 1H), 4.03-2.97 (m, 10H).

Example 149 2-[5-{[2-(2H-1,2,3-Triazol-2-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl]quinoxaline

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15 utilizing Intermediate 20 and 2-chloroquinoxaline. MS (ESI): mass calculated for C₂₃H₂₁N₇O, 411.47; m/z found 412.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): 8.31 (s, 1H), 8.01-7.95 (m, 1H), 7.92-7.88 (m, 1H), 7.79-7.65 (m, 3H), 7.62-7.32 (m, 5H), 4.01-3.35 (m, 7H), 3.22-2.98 (m, 3H).

Example 150 2-[(5-Fluoro-2-pyrimidin-2-ylphenyl)carbonyl]-5-(4-methoxypyrimidin-2-yl)octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15 utilizing Intermediate 32 and Intermediate 13. MS (ESI): mass calculated for C₂₂H₂₁FN₆O₂, 420.45; m/z found 421.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): 8.73 (d, J=4.9, 2H), 8.35 (dd, J=8.8, 5.6, 1H), 8.06 (d, J=5.7, 1H), 7.23-7.02 (m, 3H), 6.01 (d, J=5.7, 1H), 4.01-3.43 (m, 10H), 3.23-2.90 (m, 3H).

Example 151 2-(4-Furan-2-ylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-{[2-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15 utilizing Intermediate 20 and 2-chloro-4-furan-2-yl-pyrimidine. MS (ESI): mass calculated for C₂₃H₂₁N₇OS, 427.47; m/z found 428.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): 8.37-8.30 (m, 1H), 7.98 (d, J=8.1, 1H), 7.80-7.37 (m, 6H), 7.20-7.11 (m, 1H), 6.89 (d, J=5.1, 1H), 6.59-6.50 (m, 1H), 3.99-3.30 (m, 7H), 3.12-2.91 (m, 3H).

Example 152 2-(5-Fluoropyridin-2-yl)-5-{[2-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}octahydro pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15 utilizing Intermediate 20 and 2,5-difluoropyridine. MS (ESI): mass calculated for C₂₀H₁₉FN₆O, 378.41; m/z found 379.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): 8.03 (d, J=3.0, 1H), 7.99 (d, J=8.1, 1H), 7.73 (br s, 2H), 7.58-7.37 (m, 3H), 7.30-7.18 (m, 1H), 6.26 (dd, J=9.1, 3.3, 1H), 3.95-3.84 (m, 1H), 3.77-3.24 (m, 6H), 3.13-2.89 (m, 3H).

Example 153 2-{[2-(2H-1,2,3-Triazol-2-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}-5-[4-(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidin-2-yl]octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15 utilizing Intermediate 20 and 2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-pyrimidine. MS (ESI): mass calculated for C₂₀H₁₈F₃N₇O, 429.40; m/z found 430.1 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): 8.58-8.40 (m, 1H), 7.99 (d, J=8.1, 1H), 7.75 (br s, 2H), 7.56-7.48 (m, 1H), 7.45-7.39 (m, 2H), 6.80 (d, J=4.9, 1H), 3.99-3.29 (m, 7H), 3.19-2.91 (m, 3H).

Example 154 2-(4-Methoxypyrimidin-2-yl)-5-{[2-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15 utilizing Intermediate 32 and 2-(4H-[1,2,4]triazol-3-yl)-benzoic acid. MS (ESI): mass calculated for C₂₀H₂₁N₇O, 391.44; m/z found 392.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): 8.16-7.92 (m, 3H), 7.55-7.44 (m, 2H), 7.39-7.34 (m, 1H), 6.00 (d, J=5.8, 1H), 4.02-3.33 (m, 10H), 3.20-2.83 (m, 4H).

Example 155 2-(3,6-Dimethylpyrazin-2-yl)-5-{[2-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}octa hydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15 utilizing Intermediate 20 and 3-chloro-2,5-dimethyl-pyrazine. MS (ESI): mass calculated for C₂₀H₂₁N₇O₂, 391.44; m/z found 390.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): 8.00 (d, J=8.1, 1H), 7.88-7.67 (m, 3H), 7.62-7.39 (m, 3H), 3.90 (dd, J=12.6, 7.6, 1H), 3.77 (dd, J=10.7, 7.5, 1H), 3.72-3.60 (m, 2H), 3.52 (dd, J=10.8, 5.1, 1H), 3.43-3.28 (m, 2H), 3.10-2.97 (m, 2H), 2.95-2.85 (m, 1H), 2.51 (s, 3H), 2.36 (s, 3H).

Example 156 2-(4-Methoxypyrimidin-2-yl)-5-{[2-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}octa hydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15 utilizing Intermediate 20 and 2-chloro-4-methoxypyrimidine. MS (ESI): mass calculated for C₂₀H₂₁N₇O₂, 391.43; m/z found 392.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): 8.08-8.03 (m, 1H), 7.99 (d, J=8.1, 1H), 7.75 (s, 2H), 7.57-7.48 (m, 1H), 7.44-7.41 (m, 2H), 6.00 (d, J=5.7, 1H), 3.97-3.79 (m, 5H), 3.77-3.63 (m, 2H), 3.61-3.53 (m, 1H), 3.50-3.30 (m, 2H), 3.09-2.89, (m, 3H).

Example 157 2-{[5-Chloro-2-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}-5-(4,6-dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15 utilizing Intermediate 23 and Intermediate 9. MS (ESI): mass calculated for C₂₁H₂₂ClN₇O, 423.91; m/z found 424.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): 7.95 (d, J=8.7, 1H), 7.74 (s, 2H), 7.48 (dd, J=8.7, 2.3, 1H), 7.40 (d, J=2.3, 1H), 6.30 (s, 1H), 3.94-3.81 (m, 2H), 3.75-3.57 (m, 3H), 3.55-3.29 (m, 2H), 3.11-2.78 (m, 3H), 2.30 (s, 6H).

Example 158 2-{[4-Fluoro-2-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}-5-(6-methylpyrazin-2-yl)octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15 utilizing Intermediate 22 and 2-chloro-6-methyl-pyrazine. MS (ESI): mass calculated for C₂₀H₂₀FN₇O, 393.43; m/z found 394.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): 7.82-7.69 (m, 4H), 7.64 (s, 1H), 7.40 (dd, J=8.5, 5.8, 1H), 7.17-7.10 (m, 1H), 3.97-3.83 (m, 1H), 3.81-3.68 (m, 2H), 3.65-3.55 (m, 1H), 3.53-3.29 (m, 3H), 3.18-2.88 (m, 3H), 2.38 (s, 3H).

Example 159 2-{[4-Fluoro-2-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}-5-(4-methoxypyrimidin-2-yl)octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15 utilizing Intermediate 22 and 2-chloro-4-methoxypyrimidine. MS (ESI): mass calculated for C₂₀H₂₀FN₇O₂, 409.43; m/z found 388.3 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): 8.06 (d, J=5.7, 1H), 7.88-7.62 (m, 3H), 7.45-7.37 (m, 1H), 7.18-7.10 (m, 1H), 6.01 (d, J=5.7, 1H), 4.00-3.81 (m, 5H), 3.70 (dd, J=20.4, 8.4, 2H), 3.62-3.53 (m, 1H), 3.51-3.28 (m, 2H), 3.13-2.84 (m, 3H).

Example 160 2-(4,6-Dimethoxypyrimidin-2-yl)-5-{[4-fluoro-2-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15 utilizing Intermediate 22 and 2-chloro-4,6-dimethoxypyrimidine. MS (ESI): mass calculated for C₂₁H₂₂FN₇O₃, 439.45; m/z found 440.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): 7.86-7.66 (m, 3H), 7.47-7.34 (m, 1H), 7.17-7.06 (m, 1H), 5.40 (s, 1H), 3.98-3.77 (m, 8H), 3.76-3.61 (m, 2H), 3.60-3.52 (m, 1H), 3.50-3.29 (m, 2H), 3.09-2.84 (m, 3H).

Example 161 [5-(4,6-Dimethyl-pyrimidin-2-yl)-hexahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2-yl]-(5-methoxy-2-[1,2,3]triazol-2-yl-phenyl)-methanone

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15 utilizing Intermediate 23 and Intermediate 10. MS (ESI): mass calculated for C₂₂H₂₅N₇O₂, 419.49; m/z found 420.3 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): 7.85 (d, 1H), 7.74-7.64 (m, 2H), 7.07-6.99 (m, 1H), 6.94-6.88 (m, 1H), 6.27 (s, J=20.0, 1H), 3.94-3.75 (m, 5H), 3.73-3.25 (m, 5H), 3.08-2.81 (m, 3H), 2.32-2.27 (m, 6H).

Example 162 (2-Fluoro-6-[1,2,3]triazol-2-yl-phenyl)-[5-(4-methoxy-pyrimidin-2-yl)-hexahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2-yl]-methanone

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15 utilizing Intermediate 12 and 2-chloro-4-methoxypyrimidine. MS (ESI): mass calculated for C₂₀H₂₀FN₇O₂, 409.42; m/z found 410.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): 8.10-8.01 (m, 1H), 7.92-7.78 (m, 2H), 7.73 (s, 1H), 7.53-7.41 (m, 1H), 7.19-7.06 (m, 1H), 6.03-5.97 (m, 1H), 4.02-3.46 (m, 10H), 3.33-3.20 (m, 1H), 3.16-2.88 (m, 2H).

Example 163 6-Chloro-2-{5-[(2,4-dimethoxyphenyl)carbonyl]hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl}-1,3-benzothiazole

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15 utilizing Intermediate 40 and 2,4-dimethoxybenzoic acid. MS (ESI): mass calculated for C₂₂H₂₂ClN₃O₃S, 443.96; m/z found 444.2 [M+H]⁺.

Example 164 2-(Biphenyl-2-ylcarbonyl)-5-(4-phenylpyrimidin-2-yl)octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15 utilizing Intermediate 26 and biphenyl-2-carboxylic acid. MS (ESI) mass calcd. for C₂₉H₂₆N₄O, 446.56; m/z found, 447.3 [M+H]⁺.

Example 165 2-{5-[(2,6-Dimethoxyphenyl)carbonyl]hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl}quinoxaline

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15 utilizing Intermediate 35 and 2,6-dimethoxybenzoic acid. MS (ESI) mass calcd. for C₂₃H₂₄N₄O₃, 404.47; m/z found, 405.3 [M+H]⁺.

Example 166 2-[(2,6-Dimethoxyphenyl)carbonyl]-5-(4-phenylpyrimidin-2-yl)octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15 utilizing Intermediate 26 and 2,6-dimethoxybenzoic acid. MS (ESI) mass calcd. for C₂₅H₂₆N₄O₃, 430.51; m/z found, 431.2 [M+H]⁺.

Example 167 2-[(2,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)carbonyl]-5-(4-phenylpyrimidin-2-yl)octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15 utilizing Intermediate 26 and 2,4-dimethoxybenzoic acid. MS (ESI) mass calcd. for C₂₅H₂₆N₄O₃, 430.51; m/z found, 431.2 [M+H]⁺.

Example 168 2-[5-(Biphenyl-2-ylcarbonyl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl]quinoxaline

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15 utilizing Intermediate 35 and biphenyl-2-carboxylic acid. MS (ESI) mass calcd. for C₂₇H₂₄N₄O, 420.52; m/z found, 421.3 [M+H]⁺.

Example 169 2-[5-(Biphenyl-2-ylcarbonyl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl]-1,3-benzothiazole

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15 utilizing Intermediate 17 and 2-chloro-benzothiazole. MS (ESI) mass calcd. for C₂₆H₂₃N₃OS, 425.56; m/z found, 426.2 [M+H]⁺.

Example 170 2-{5-[(2,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)carbonyl]hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl}-4-methylquinoline

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15 utilizing Intermediate 38 and 2-chloro-4-methyl-quinoline. MS (ESI) mass calcd. for C₂₅H₂₇N₃O₃, 417.51; m/z found, 418.3 [M+H]⁺.

Example 171 2-{5-[(2,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)carbonyl]hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl}-6-methoxy-1,3-benzothiazole

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15 utilizing Intermediate 38 and 2-chloro-6-methoxy-benzothiazole. MS (ESI) mass calcd. for C₂₃H₂₅N₃O₄S, 439.54; m/z found, 440.2 [M+H]⁺.

Example 172 2-{5-[(2,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)carbonyl]hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl}-6-methyl-1,3-benzothiazole

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15 utilizing Intermediate 38 and 2-chloro-6-methyl-benzothiazole. MS (ESI) mass calcd. for C₂₃H₂₅N₃O₃S, 423.54; m/z found, 424.2 [M+H]⁺.

Example 173 2-(Biphenyl-2-ylcarbonyl)-5-(6-methylpyridin-2-yl)octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15 utilizing Intermediate 17 and 2-chloro-6-methyl-pyridine. MS (ESI) mass calcd. for C₂₅H₂₅N₄₃O, 383.5; m/z found, 384.3 [M+H]⁺.

Example 174 2-(Biphenyl-2-ylcarbonyl)-5-(4-methylpyrimidin-2-yl)octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15 utilizing Intermediate 17 and 2-chloro-4-methyl-pyrimidine. MS (ESI) mass calcd. for C₂₄H₂₄N₄O, 384.49; m/z found, 385.2 [M+H]⁺.

Example 175 2-[5-(Biphenyl-2-ylcarbonyl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl]quinoline

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15 utilizing Intermediate 17 and 2-chloro-quinoline. MS (ESI) mass calcd. for C₂₈H₂₅N₃O, 419.53; m/z found, 420.3 [M+H]⁺.

Example 176 2-[5-(Biphenyl-2-ylcarbonyl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl]-6-fluoro-1,3-benzothiazole

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15 utilizing Intermediate 17 and 2-chloro-6-fluoro-benzothiazole. MS (ESI) mass calcd. for C₂₆H₂₂FN₃OS, 443.55; m/z found, 444.2 [M+H]⁺.

Example 177 2-(Biphenyl-2-ylcarbonyl)-5-(4-methoxypyrimidin-2-yl)octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15 utilizing Intermediate 17 and 2-chloro-4-methoxypyrimidine. MS (ESI) mass calcd. for C₂₄H₂₄N₄O₂, 400.48; m/z found, 401.2 [M+H]⁺.

Example 178 2-[5-(Biphenyl-2-ylcarbonyl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl]-4-methylquinoline

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15 utilizing Intermediate 17 and 2-chloro-4-methyl-quinoline. MS (ESI) mass calcd. for C₂₉H₂₇N₃O, 433.56; m/z found, 434.3 [M+H]⁺.

Example 179 (2,4-Dimethoxy-phenyl)-[5-(4-methoxy-pyrimidin-2-yl)-hexahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2-yl]-methanone

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15 utilizing Intermediate 38 and 2-chloro-4-methoxypyrimidine. MS (ESI): mass calculated for C₂₀H₂₄N₄O₄, 384.43; m/z found 385.2 [M+H]⁺.

Example 180 (5-Benzooxazol-2-yl-hexahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2-yl)-(2-methoxy-phenyl)-methanone

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15 utilizing Intermediate 28 and 2-methoxybenzoic acid. MS (ESI): mass calculated for C₂₁H₂₁N₃O₃, 363.42; m/z found 364.2 [M+H]⁺.

Example 181 (2-Pyridin-3-yl-phenyl)-(5-quinoxalin-2-yl-hexahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2-yl)-methanone

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15 utilizing Intermediate 35 and 2-pyridin-3-yl-benzoic acid. MS (ESI): mass calculated for C₂₆H₂₃N₅O, 421.51; m/z found 422.3 [M+H]⁺.

Example 182 [5-(4,6-Dimethyl-pyrimidin-2-yl)-hexahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2-yl]-[2-(1H-imidazol-2-yl)-phenyl]-methanone

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15 utilizing Intermediate 23 and 2-(1H-imidazol-2-yl)-benzoic acid. MS (ESI) mass calcd. for C₂₂H₂₄N₆O, 388.47; m/z found, 398.2 [M+H]⁺.

Example 183 (5-Benzooxazol-2-yl-hexahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2-yl)-(2,4-dimethoxy-phenyl)-methanone

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15 utilizing Intermediate 28 and 2,4-dimethoxybenzoic acid. MS (ESI): mass calculated for C₂₂H₂₃N₃O₄, 393.45; m/z found 394.2 [M+H]⁺.

Example 184 (5-Benzooxazol-2-yl-hexahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2-yl)-biphenyl-2-yl-methanone

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15 utilizing Intermediate 17 and 2-chloro-benzooxazole. MS (ESI): mass calculated for C₂₆H₂₃N₃O₂, 409.49; m/z found 410.2 [M+H]⁺.

Example 185 (2,4-Dimethoxy-phenyl)-[5-(6-methyl-pyridin-2-yl)-hexahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2-yl]-methanone

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15 utilizing Intermediate 38 and 2-chloro-6-methyl-pyridine. MS (ESI): mass calculated for C₂₁H₂₅N₃O₃, 367.45; m/z found 368.3 [M+H]⁺.

Example 186 (2,4-Dimethoxy-phenyl)-[5-(4-methyl-pyrimidin-2-yl)-hexahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2-yl]-methanone

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15 utilizing Intermediate 38 and 2-chloro-4-methylpyrimidine. MS (ESI): mass calculated for C₂₀H₂₄FN₄O₃, 368.43; m/z found 369.3 [M+H]⁺.

Example 187 Biphenyl-2-yl-[5-(6-methoxy-benzothiazol-2-yl)-hexahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2-yl]-methanone

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15 utilizing Intermediate 17 and 2-chloro-6-methoxy-benzothiazole. MS (ESI): mass calculated for C₂₇H₂₅N₃O₂S, 455.57; m/z found 456.2 [M+H]⁺.

Example 188 Biphenyl-2-yl-[5-(6-methyl-benzothiazol-2-yl)-hexahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2-yl]-methanone

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15 utilizing Intermediate 17 and 2-chloro-6-methyl-benzothiazole. MS (ESI): mass calculated for C₂₇H₂₆N₃OS, 439.57; m/z found 440.2 [M+H]⁺.

Example 189 [5-(6-Chloro-benzothiazol-2-yl)-hexahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2-yl]-(2,6-dimethoxy-phenyl)-methanone

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15 utilizing Intermediate 40 and 2,6-dimethoxybenzoic acid. MS (ESI): mass calculated for C₂₂H₂₂ClN₃O₃S, 443.96; m/z found 444.2 [M+H]⁺.

Example 190 Biphenyl-2-yl-[5-(6-chloro-benzothiazol-2-yl)-hexahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2-yl]-methanone

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15 utilizing Intermediate 40 and biphenyl-2-carboxylic acid. MS (ESI): mass calculated for C₂₆H₂₂ClN₃O₃S, 459.99; m/z found 460.2 [M+H]⁺.

Example 191 (2,4-Dimethoxy-phenyl)-(5-quinoxalin-2-yl-hexahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2-yl)-methanone

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15 utilizing Intermediate 35 and 2,4-dimethoxybenzoic acid. MS (ESI): mass calculated for C₂₃H₂₄N₄O₃, 404.47; m/z found 405.3 [M+H]⁺.

Example 192 (5-Benzooxazol-2-yl-hexahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2-yl)-(2,6-dimethoxy-phenyl)-methanone

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15 utilizing Intermediate 41 and 2-chloro-benzooxazole. MS (ESI): mass calculated for C₂₂H₂₃N₃O₄, 393.45; m/z found 394.2 [M+H]⁺.

Example 193 (4′-Methyl-biphenyl-2-yl)-(5-quinoxalin-2-yl-hexahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2-yl)-methanone

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15 utilizing Intermediate 35 and 4′-methyl-biphenyl-2-carboxylic acid. MS (ESI): mass calculated for C₂₈H₂₆N₄O, 434.55; m/z found 435.3 [M+H]⁺.

Example 194 (5-Quinoxalin-2-yl-hexahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2-yl)-(4′-trifluoromethyl-biphenyl-2-yl)-methanone

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15 utilizing Intermediate 35 and 4′-trifluoromethyl-biphenyl-2-carboxylic acid. MS (ESI): mass calculated for C₂₈H₂₃F₃N₄O, 488.50; m/z found 489.2 [M+H]⁺.

Example 195 (4′-Methyl-biphenyl-2-yl)-[5-(4-phenyl-pyrimidin-2-yl)-hexahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2-yl]-methanone

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15 utilizing Intermediate 26 and 4′-methyl-biphenyl-2-carboxylic acid. MS (ESI): mass calculated for C₃₀H₂₈N₄O, 460.58; m/z found 461.3 [M+H]⁺.

Example 196 [5-(4-Phenyl-pyrimidin-2-yl)-hexahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2-yl]-(4′-trifluoromethyl-biphenyl-2-yl)-methanone

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15 utilizing Intermediate 26 and 4′-trifluoromethyl-biphenyl-2-carboxylic acid. MS (ESI): mass calculated for C₃₀H₅₃F₃N₄O, 514.56; m/z found 515.3 [M+H]⁺.

Example 197 (4-Methoxy-2-methyl-phenyl)-(5-quinoxalin-2-yl-hexahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2-yl)-methanone

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15 utilizing Intermediate 35 and 4-methoxy-2-methyl-benzoic acid. MS (ESI): mass calculated for C₂₃H₂₄N₄O₂, 388.47; m/z found 389.2 [M+H]⁺.

Example 198 (3′-Chloro-biphenyl-2-yl)-[5-(4-phenyl-pyrimidin-2-yl)-hexahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2-yl]-methanone

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15 utilizing Intermediate 26 and 3′-chloro-biphenyl-2-carboxylic acid. MS (ESI): mass calculated for C₂₉H₂₅ClN₄O, 480.99; m/z found 481.2 [M+H]⁺.

Example 199 (2-Methoxy-phenyl)-[5-(4-methoxy-pyrimidin-2-yl)-hexahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2-yl]-methanone

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15 utilizing Intermediate 32 and 2-methoxybenzoic acid. MS (ESI): mass calculated for C₁₉H₂₂N₄O₃, 354.41; m/z found 355.2 [M+H]⁺.

Example 200 (2-Methoxy-phenyl)-[5-(4-methyl-pyrimidin-2-yl)-hexahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2-yl]-methanone

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15 utilizing Intermediate 27 and 2-methoxybenzoic acid. MS (ESI): mass calculated for C₁₉H₂₂N₄O₂, 338.41; m/z found 339.3 [M+H]⁺.

Example 201 [5-(4,6-Dimethyl-pyrimidin-2-yl)-hexahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2-yl]-(2-methoxy-phenyl)-methanone

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15 utilizing Intermediate 23 and 2-methoxybenzoic acid. MS (ESI): mass calculated for C₂₀H₂₄N₄O₂, 352.44; m/z found 353.3 [M+H]⁺.

Example 202 2-[5-(4,6-Dimethyl-pyrimidin-2-yl)-hexahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole-2-carbonyl]-benzonitrile

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15 utilizing Intermediate 23 and 2-cyanobenzoic acid. MS (ESI): mass calculated for C₂₀H₂₁N₅O, 347.42; m/z found 348.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): 8.51-8.39 (m, 2H), 7.37-7.32 (m, 1H), 7.25-7.06 (m, 3H), 6.76 (t, J=13.7 Hz, 1H), 4.18-3.96 (m, 3H), 3.48-3.33 (m, 1H), 3.05 (dd, J=12.9, 6.4 Hz, 1H), 2.69-2.27 (m, 10H), 1.68-1.50 (m, 5H), 1.50-1.37 (m, 3H).

Example 203 Cinnolin-4-yl-[5-(4,6-dimethyl-pyrimidin-2-yl)-hexahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2-yl]-methanone

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15 utilizing Intermediate 23 and cinnoline-4-carboxylic acid. MS (ESI): mass calculated for C₂₁H₂₂N₆O, 374.45; m/z found 375.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): 9.26 (s, 1H), 8.61 (dd, J=8.4, 1.1 Hz, 1H), 7.96-7.85 (m, 2H), 7.83-7.74 (m, 1H), 6.33 (s, 1H), 4.13-4.07 (m, 1H), 3.92 (dd, J=11.7, 7.5 Hz, 1H), 3.84 (dd, J=13.0, 4.9 Hz, 1H), 3.78-3.68 (m, 2H), 3.54-3.42 (m, 2H), 3.20-3.09 (m, 2H), 3.04-2.98 (m, 1H), 2.29 (s, 6H).

Example 204 (5-Fluoro-2-pyrimidin-2-yl-phenyl)-[5-(6-methyl-2-trifluoromethyl-pyrimidin-4-yl)-hexahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2-yl]-methanone

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15 utilizing Intermediate 13 and Intermediate 31. MS (ESI): mass calculated for C₂₃H₂₀F₄N₆O, 472.45; m/z found 473.2 [M+H]⁺.

Example 205 [5-(4,6-Dimethyl-pyrimidin-2-yl)-hexahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2-yl]-(2-[1,2,3]triazol-1-yl-phenyl)-methanone

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15 utilizing Intermediate 3 and Intermediate 15 as starting materials. In this case Intermediate C was coupled to Intermediate 15 first then the t-butylcarboxylate was removed prior to the addition of 2-chloro-4,6-methylpyrimidine. (ESI): mass calculated for C₂₁H₂₃N₇O, 389.46; m/z found 390.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): 7.99 (d, J=1.0 Hz, 1H), 7.79 (d, J=0.9 Hz, 1H), 7.67-7.62 (m, 1H), 7.62-7.52 (m, 2H), 7.49-7.45 (m, 1H), 7.27 (s, 1H), 3.87-3.65 (m, 3H), 3.54-3.44 (m, 2H), 3.38-3.25 (m, 2H), 3.04-2.78 (m, 3H), 2.29 (s, 6H).

Example 206 [5-(4,6-Dimethyl-pyrimidin-2-yl)-hexahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2-yl]-(2-[(1,2,4]triazol-1-yl-phenyl)-methanone

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15 utilizing Intermediate 23 and 2-(4H-[1,2,4]triazol-3-yl)benzoic acid. MS (ESI) mass calcd. for C₂₁H₂₃N₇O, 389.46; m/z found, 390.2 [M+H]⁺.

Example 207 [5-(4,6-Dimethoxy-pyrimidin-2-yl)-hexahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2-yl]-(3-phenyl-pyridin-2-yl)-methanone

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15 utilizing Intermediate 39 and 3-phenyl-pyridine-2-carboxylic acid. MS (ESI): mass calculated for C₂₄H₂₅N₅O₃, 431.50; m/z found 432.3 [M+H]⁺.

Example 208 [5-(4,6-Dimethyl-pyrimidin-2-yl)-hexahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2-yl]-(3-phenyl-pyridin-2-yl)-methanone

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15 utilizing Intermediate 23 and 3-phenyl-pyridine-2-carboxylic acid. MS (ESI): mass calculated for C₂₄H₂₅N₅O, 399.5; m/z found 400.3 [M+H]⁺.

Example 209 [5-(6-Methyl-2-propyl-pyrimidin-4-yl)-hexahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2-yl]-(2-[1,2,3]triazol-2-yl-phenyl)-methanone

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15 utilizing Intermediate 20 and 4-chloro-6-methyl-2-propyl-pyrimidine. MS (ESI): mass calculated for C₂₃H₂₇N₇O, 417.51; m/z found 418.2 [M+H]⁺.

Example 210 [5-(2-Methyl-pyrimidin-4-yl)-hexahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2-yl]-(2-[1,2,3]triazol-2-yl-phenyl)-methanone

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15 utilizing Intermediate 20 and 4-chloro-2-methyl-pyrimidine. MS (ESI): mass calculated for C₂₀H₂₁N₇O, 375.43; m/z found 376.2 [M+H]⁺.

Example 211 [5-(6-Methyl-pyrazin-2-yl)-hexahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2-yl]-(2-[1,2,3]triazol-2-yl-phenyl)-methanone

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15 utilizing Intermediate 20 and 2-chloro-6-methyl-pyrazine. MS (ESI): mass calculated for C₂₀H₂₁N₇O, 375.43; m/z found 376.2 [M+H]⁺.

Example 212 [5-(3,6-Dimethyl-pyrazin-2-yl)-hexahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2-yl]-(5-fluoro-2-pyrimidin-2-yl-phenyl)-methanone

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15 utilizing Intermediate 34 and Intermediate 13. MS (ESI): mass calculated for C₂₃H₂₃FN₆O, 418.47; m/z found 419.2 [M+H]⁺.

Example 213 [5-(3,6-Dimethyl-pyrazin-2-yl)-hexahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2-yl]-[2-(2H-[1,2,4]triazol-3-yl)-phenyl]-methanone

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15 utilizing Intermediate 34 and 2-(4H-[1,2,4]triazol-3-yl)benzoic acid. MS (ESI): mass calculated for C₂₁H₂₃N₇O, 389.46; m/z found 390.2 [M+H]⁺.

Example 214 [5-(2-Pyrrolidin-1-yl-6-trifluoromethyl-pyrimidin-4-yl)-hexahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2-yl]-(2-[1,2,3]triazol-2-yl-phenyl)-methanone

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15 utilizing Intermediate 20 and 4-chloro-2-pyrrolidin-1-yl-6-trifluoromethyl-pyrimidine acid. MS (ESI): mass calculated for C₂₄H₂₅F₃N₈O, 498.51; m/z found 499.2 [M+H]⁺.

Example 215 2-(2,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-4-yl)-5-{[5-fluoro-2-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Intermediate 23, substituting (5-fluoro-2-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl)(hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl)methanone (Intermediate 21) for hexahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester and 4-chloro-2,6-dimethylpyrimidine for 2-chloro-4,6-dimethyl-pyrimidine in Step A. MS (ESI) mass calcd for C₂₁H₂₂FN₇O, 407.19; m/z found, 408.2 [M+H]⁺.

Prophetic Examples 216-218 may be synthesized using the general schemes provided above or as otherwise specified herein.

Example 216 [5-(4,6-Dimethyl-pyrimidin-2-yl)-hexahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2-yl]-(2-nitro-6-[1,2,3]triazol-2-yl-phenyl)-methanone

MS (ESI) mass calcd. for C₂₁H₂₂N₈O₃, 434.45.

Example 217 [5-(4,6-Dimethyl-pyrimidin-2-yl)-hexahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2-yl]-(2-furan-2-yl-phenyl)-methanone

MS (ESI) mass calcd. for C₂₃H₂₄N₄O₃, 388.46.

Example 218 [5-(4,6-Dimethyl-pyrimidin-2-yl)-hexahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2-yl]-(2-methyl-5-phenyl-thiazol-4-yl)methanone

MS (ESI) mass calcd. for C₂₃H₂₅N₅OS, 419.54.

Example 219 2-[(2,3-Dimethylphenyl)carbonyl]-5-(4,6-dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15 utilizing Intermediate 23 and 2,3-dimethylbenzoic acid. MS (ESI): mass calculated for C₂₁H₂₆N₄O, 350.47; m/z found 351.3 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): 7.16-7.05 (m, 2H), 7.02 (d, J=7.1 Hz, 1H), 6.30 (s, 1H), 4.00-3.86 (m, 2H), 3.78 (dd, J=11.6, 7.4 Hz, 1H), 3.70-3.58 (m, 2H), 3.49-3.38 (m, 2H), 3.17-3.02 (m, 2H), 2.99-2.92 (m, 1H), 2.35-2.28 (s, 6H), 2.27 (s, 3H), 2.19 (s, 3H).

Example 220 2-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-[(3-fluoro-2-methylphenyl)carbonyl]octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15 utilizing Intermediate 23 and 3-fluoro-2-methylbenzoic acid. MS (ESI): mass calculated for C₂₀H₂₃FN₄O, 354.4; m/z found 355.3 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): 7.22-7.14 (m, 1H), 7.06-6.95 (m, 2H), 6.30 (s, 1H), 4.00-3.86 (m, 2H), 3.78 (dd, J=11.6, 7.3 Hz, 1H), 3.70-3.58 (m, 2H), 3.52-3.39 (m, 2H), 3.19-3.02 (m, 2H), 3.02-2.92 (m, 1H), 2.30 (s, 6H), 2.21 (d, J=2.0 Hz, 3H).

Example 221 2-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-{[5-fluoro-2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]carbonyl}octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15 utilizing Intermediate 23 and 5-fluoro-2-(trifluoromethyl)benzoic acid. MS (ESI): mass calculated for C₂₀H₂₀F₄N₄O, 408.4; m/z found 409.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): 7.71 (dd, J=8.8, 5.0 Hz, 1H), 7.22-7.14 (m, 1H), 7.06 (dd, J=8.1, 2.3 Hz, 1H), 6.31 (s, 1H), 4.01-3.87 (m, 2H), 3.79 (dd, J=11.7, 7.3 Hz, 1H), 3.69-3.56 (m, 2H), 3.53-3.41 (m, 2H), 3.19-3.04 (m, 2H), 3.05-2.97 (m, 1H), 2.30 (s, 6H).

Example 222 2-[(4-Chloro-2-methoxyphenyl)carbonyl]-5-(4,6-dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15 utilizing Intermediate 23 and 4-chloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid. MS (ESI): mass calculated for C₂₀H₂₃ClN₄O₂, 386.9; m/z found 389.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): 7.18 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 6.97 (dd, J=8.0, 1.8 Hz, 1H), 6.89 (d, J=1.7 Hz, 1H), 6.29 (s, 1H), 3.98-3.82 (m, 2H), 3.80 (s, 3H), 3.78-3.73 (m, 1H), 3.68-3.59 (m, 2H), 3.55-3.44 (m, 2H), 3.19 (dd, J=11.1, 5.0 Hz, 1H), 3.13-2.90 (m, 2H), 2.29 (s, 6H).

Example 223 2-[(5-Chloro-2-methylphenyl)carbonyl]-5-(4,6-dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15 utilizing Intermediate 23 and 5-chloro-2-methylbenzoic acid. MS (ESI): mass calculated for C₂₀H₂₃ClN₄O, 370.9; m/z found 371.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): 7.26-7.21 (m, 1H), 7.18-7.13 (m, 2H), 6.31 (s, 1H), 4.00-3.86 (m, 2H), 3.79 (dd, J=11.6, 7.3 Hz, 1H), 3.68-3.57 (m, 2H), 3.51-3.42 (m, 2H), 3.17-2.94 (m, 3H), 2.30 (s, 6H), 2.26 (s, 3H).

Example 224 2-[(2,5-Dimethylphenyl)carbonyl]-5-(4,6-dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15 utilizing Intermediate 23 and 2,5-dimethylbenzoic acid. MS (ESI): mass calculated for C₂₁H₂₆N₄O, 350.5; m/z found 351.3 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): 7.11-7.03 (m, 2H), 6.99 (s, 1H), 6.30 (s, 1H), 4.00-3.87 (m, 2H), 3.78 (dd, J=11.5, 7.4 Hz, 1H), 3.70-3.58 (m, 2H), 3.50-3.42 (m, 2H), 3.15-2.90 (m, 3H), 2.32 (s, 3H), 2.32 (s, 3H), 2.24 (s, 3H).

Example 225 2-[(2,6-Dimethylphenyl)carbonyl]-5-(4,6-dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15 utilizing Intermediate 23 and 2,6-dimethylbenzoic acid. MS (ESI): mass calculated for C₂₁H₂₆N₄O, 350.5; m/z found 351.3 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): 7.13 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.51-7.00 (m, 2H), 6.30 (s, 1H), 4.15-3.87 (m, 2H), 3.85-3.75 (m, 1H), 3.73-3.67 (m, 1H), 3.63-3.55 (m, 1H), 3.50-3.44 (m, 1H), 3.40-3.33 (m, 1H), 3.08-2.90 (m, 3H), 2.28 (s, 6H), 2.21 (s, 3H), 1.80 (s, 3H).

Example 226 2-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-[(5-fluoro-2-methylphenyl)carbonyl]octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15 utilizing Intermediate 23 and 5-fluoro-2-methylbenzoic acid. MS (ESI): mass calculated for C₂₀H₂₃FN₄O, 354.4; m/z found 355.3 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): 7.16 (dd, J=8.5, 5.4 Hz, 1H), 6.98-6.92 (m, 1H), 6.90 (dd, J=8.5, 2.7 Hz, 1H), 6.30 (s, 1H), 3.98-3.87 (m 2H), 3.79 (dd, J=11.6, 7.3 Hz, 1H), 3.68-3.57 (m, 2H), 3.50-3.43 (m, 2H), 3.16-2.94 (m, 3H), 2.30 (s, 6H), 2.26 (d, J=8.6 Hz, 3H).

Example 227 2-[(2,4-Dimethylphenyl)carbonyl]-5-(4,6-dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15 utilizing Intermediate 23 and 2,4-dimethylbenzoic acid. MS (ESI): mass calculated for C₂₁H₂₆N₄O, 350.5; m/z found 351.3 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): 7.02 (s, 2H), 6.29 (s, OH), 3.92 (ddd, J=19.2, 12.2, 7.7 Hz, 2H), 3.77 (dd, J=11.6, 7.4 Hz, 0H), 3.63 (ddd, J=18.1, 12.2, 4.9 Hz, 1H), 3.52-3.39 (m, 1H), 3.06 (ddd, J=50.9, 27.4, 6.2 Hz, 0H), 2.30 (d, J=6.6 Hz, 3H), 2.28-2.24 (m, 3H).

Example 228 2-[(2,5-Diethoxyphenyl)carbonyl]-5-(4,6-dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15 utilizing Intermediate 23 and 2,5-diethoxybenzoic acid. MS (ESI): mass calculated for C₂₃H₃₀N₄O₃, 410.5; m/z found 411.3 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): 6.89-6.77 (m, 3H), 6.28 (s, 1H), 4.04-3.83 (m, 6H), 3.80-3.74 (m, 1H), 3.70-3.44 (m, 4H), 3.27 (s, 1H), 3.13-2.90 (m, 2H), 2.26 (s, 6H), 1.44-1.23 (m, 6H).

Example 229 2-[(2,6-Diethoxyphenyl)carbonyl]-5-(4,6-dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15 utilizing Intermediate 23 and 2,6-diethoxybenzoic acid. MS (ESI): mass calculated for C₂₃H₃₀N₄O₃, 410.5; m/z found 411.3 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): 7.19 (t, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 6.55-6.46 (m, 2H), 6.27 (s, 1H), 4.06 (q, J=7.0 Hz, 2H), 3.98 (q, J=7.0 Hz, 2H), 3.94-3.82 (m, 2H), 3.79-3.65 (m, 2H), 3.61 (dd, J=11.6, 5.0 Hz, 1H), 3.57-3.42 (m, 2H), 3.17 (dd, J=11.0, 5.0 Hz, 1H), 3.11-2.87 (m, 2H), 2.31-2.27 (m, 6H), 1.44-1.25 (m, 6H).

Example 230 2-[(2-Chloro-6-methylphenyl)carbonyl]-5-(4,6-dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15 utilizing Intermediate 23 and 2-chloro-6-methylbenzoic acid. MS (ESI): mass calculated for C₂₀H₂₃ClN₄O, 370.9; m/z found 371.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): (rotamers observed) 7.24-7.14 (m, 2H), 7.15-7.07 (m, 1H), 6.31-6.28 (m, 1H), 4.06-3.85 (m, 2H), 3.85-3.75 (m, 1H), 3.74-3.36 (m, 1H), 3.65-3.52 (m, 2H), 3.45-3.51 (m, 1H), 3.37-3.30 (m, 1H), 3.25-3.14 (m, 1H), 3.14-2.94 (m, 2H), 2.37-2.23 (m, 9H).

Example 231 (5-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl)(4-fluoro-2-(pyrimidin-2-yl)phenyl)methanone

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15, substituting Intermediate 87 for 3-fluoro-2-[1,2,3]triazol-2-yl-benzoic acid. MS (ESI) mass calcd. for C₂₃H₂₃FN₆O, 418.47; m/z found, 419.2 [M+H]⁺.

Example 232 (5-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl)(3-fluoro-2-iodophenyl)methanone

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15 substituting 2-iodo-3-fluorobenzoic acid for 3-fluoro-2-[1,2,3]triazol-2-yl-benzoic acid. MS (ESI) mass calcd. for C₁₉H₂₀FIN₄O, 466.3; m/z found, 467.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): 7.36 (ddd, J=8.2, 7.5, 5.2 Hz, 1H), 7.04 (ddd, J=8.5, 7.7, 1.3 Hz, 2H), 6.30 (s, 1H), 3.94 (ddd, J=20.9, 12.2, 7.6 Hz, 2H), 3.79 (dd, J=11.7, 7.2 Hz, 1H), 3.69 (dd, J=12.8, 4.6 Hz, 1H), 3.64 (dd, J=11.7, 5.1 Hz, 1H), 3.58-3.51 (m, 1H), 3.47 (dd, J=10.8, 7.4 Hz, 1H), 3.16-2.98 (m, 3H), 2.29 (s, 6H).

Example 233 2-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-{[2-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl]carbonyl}octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15 utilizing Intermediate 23 and 2-(trifluoromethyl)nicotinic acid. MS (ESI): mass calculated for C₁₉H₂₀F₃N₅O, 391.4; m/z found 392.9 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): 8.77 (dd, J=4.7, 1.0 Hz, 1H), 7.74 (d, J=6.9 Hz, 1H), 7.55 (dd, J=12.4, 6.2 Hz, 1H), 6.31 (s, 1H), 3.99 (dd, J=12.8, 7.7 Hz, 1H), 3.90 (dd, J=11.7, 7.6 Hz, 1H), 3.80 (dd, J=11.6, 7.3 Hz, 1H), 3.71-3.57 (m, 2H), 3.50-3.41 (m, 2H), 3.16-3.06 (m, 2H), 3.06-2.97 (m, 1H), 2.34 (s, 5H).

Example 234 2-Bromopyridin-3-yl)(5-(4,6-dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl)methanone

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 1 utilizing Intermediate 23 and 2-bromopyridine-3-carboxylic acid. MS (ESI): mass calculated for C₁₈H₂₀BrN₅O, 401.09; m/z found 402.9 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (600 MHz, CDCl₃): 8.41 (dd, J=4.7, 1.8, 1H), 7.66-7.54 (m, 1H), 7.34 (dd, J=7.4, 4.8, 1H), 6.38-6.24 (m, 1H), 3.94 (dd, J=12.1, 7.6, 2H), 3.80 (dd, J=11.5, 7.3, 1H), 3.74-3.46 (m, 4H), 3.31-3.01 (m, 3H), 2.40-2.23 (m, 6H).

Example 235 (5-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl)(2-(pyrimidin-2-yl)pyridin-3-yl)methanone

To a solution of 2-bromopyridin-3-yl)(5-(4,6-dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl)methanone (Example 234) (50 mg, 0.14 mmol), 2-tributylstannylpyrimidine (50 mg, 0.14 mmol), and copper iodide (2.6 mg, 0.014 mmol) in 1,4 dioxane (1 mL) was added Pd(PPh₃)₄ (16 mg, 0.014 mmol). The reaction was irradiated in a microwave reactor at 160° C. for one hour. The resulting solution was filtered through Celite®, washed with DCM, and concentrated. Purification (FCC) (MeOH(NH₃)/DCM) gave the title compound (35 mg, 64%). MS (ESI): mass calculated for C₂₂H₂₃N₇O, 401.20; m/z found 402.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃): 8.85 (s, 3H), 7.70 (d, J=6.7, 1H), 7.48-7.42 (m, 1H), 7.21 (d, J=4.4, 1H), 6.32-6.24 (m, 1H), 3.93-3.79 (m, 2H), 3.75-3.61 (m, 3H), 3.52 (s, 1H), 3.52-3.42 (m, 1H), 3.17 (dd, J=10.8, 5.0, 1H), 3.09-2.88 (m, 2H), 2.37-2.22 (m, 6H).

Example 236 (5-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl)(2-(1-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)pyridin-3-yl)methanone

To a solution of 2-bromopyridin-3-yl)(5-(4,6-dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl)methanone (Example 234) (50 mg, 0.12 mmol), 4-(terahydropyran-2H-yl)-1H pyrazole-5 boronic acid pinacol ester (35 mg, 0.12 mmol), TBAB (4.0 mg, 0.012 mmol), and PdCl₂(dppf) (10 mg, 0.012 mmol) in toluene (0.6 mL) was added 2N aq. Na₂CO₃ (0.12 ml, 0.25 mmol). The reaction was irradiated in a microwave reactor at 110° C. for one hour. The resulting solution was filtered through Celite®, washed with DCM, and concentrated. Purification (FCC) (MeOH(NH₃)/DCM) gave the title compound (52 mg, 88%). MS (ESI): mass calculated for C₂₆H₃₁N₇O₂, 473.25; m/z found 474.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃): 8.72 (dd, J=4.7, 1.8, 1H), 7.76 (dd, J=8.0, 1.7, 1H), 7.62-7.45 (m, 1H), 7.34 (ddd, J=7.7, 4.8, 1.5, 1H), 6.56 (dd, J=18.2, 9.1, 1H), 6.33-6.23 (m, 1H), 3.91-3.71 (m, 2H), 3.72-3.53 (m, 3H), 3.53-3.36 (m, 2H), 3.36-3.06 (m, 3H), 2.98-2.70 (m, 3H), 2.65 (d, J=6.4, 1H), 2.51 (d, J=10.0, 1H), 2.28 (d, J=9.8, 6H), 2.18-2.01 (m, 2H), 1.94 (s, 3H).

Example 237 (2-(1H-Pyrazol-5-yl)pyridin-3-yl)(5-(4,6-dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl)methanone

To a solution of (5-(4,6-dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl)(2-(1-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)pyridin-3-yl)methanone (Example 236) (210 mg, 0.43 mmol) in THF (10 mL) and H₂O (1 mL) was added 4 N aq. HCl (1 mL). The reaction was let stir for 2 hours, neutralized with 3 N aq. NaOH, and extracted with DCM (3×20 mL). The organics were combined, dried with Na₂SO₄, and concentrated. Purification (FCC) (MeOH(NH₃)/DCM) gave the title compound (128 mg, 73%) (MS (ESI): mass calculated for C₂₁H₂₃N₇O, 389.20; m/z found 390.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃): 8.68-8.59 (m, 1H), 7.63 (d, J=9.1, 2H), 7.32-7.20 (m, 1H), 6.80 (d, J=2.2, 1H), 6.33-6.19 (m, 1H), 3.92-3.55 (m, 5H), 3.54-2.78 (m, 5H), 2.37-2.24 (m, 6H).

Example 238 (2-(2H-1,2,3-Triazol-2-yl)pyridin-3-yl)(5-(4,6-dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl)methanone

To a solution of 2-bromopyridin-3-yl)(5-(4,6-dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl)methanone (Example 234) (150 mg, 0.37 mmol), 1H-1,2,3 triazole (43 μL, 0.75 mmol), CsCO₃ (247 mg, 0.75 mmol), in H₂O (2 μL) and 1,4 dioxane (2 mL) was added (R,R)-(−)-N,N′-dimethyl-1,2-cyclohexyldiamine (12 μL, 0.75 mmol) and CuI (3.5 mg, 0.86 mmol). The reaction mixture was irradiated in a microwave reactor at 160° C. for 2 h. The resulting solution was filtered through Celite®, washed with DCM, and concentrated. Purification (FCC)(MeOH(NH₃)/DCM) gave the title compound (8 mg, 6%). MS (ESI): mass calculated for C₂₀H₂₂N₈O, 390.19; m/z found 391.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): 8.65 (dd, J=4.8, 1.8, 1H), 7.83 (dt, J=13.3, 6.6, 2H), 7.43 (dt, J=7.6, 4.5, 1H), 6.38-6.23 (m, 2H), 4.02-3.28 (m, 6H), 3.10-3.06 (m, 4H), 2.42-2.22 (m, 6H).

Example 239 (3-Fluoro-2-(pyrimidin-2-yl)phenyl)(5-(4,5,6-trimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl)methanone

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15, utilizing Intermediate 42 and 3-fluoro-2-(pyrimidin-2-yl)benzoic acid. MS (ESI): mass calculated for C₂₄H₂₅FN₆O, 432.21; m/z found 433.3 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (600 MHz, CDCl₃): 8.41 (dd, J=4.7, 1.8, 2H), 7.66-7.54 (m, 2H), 7.34 (dd, J=7.4, 4.8, 2H), 3.94 (dd, J=12.1, 7.6, 2H), 3.80 (dd, J=11.5, 7.3, 1H), 3.74-3.46 (m, 4H), 3.31-3.01 (m, 3H), 2.40-2.13 (m, 9H).

Example 240 (3-Fluoro-2-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl)(5-(4,5,6-trimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl)methanone

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15, utilizing Intermediate 42 and 3-fluoro-2-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)benzoic acid. MS (ESI): mass calculated for C₂₂H₂₄FN₇O, 421.20; m/z found 422.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃): 7.82-7.77 (m, 2H), 7.51-7.44 (m, 1H), 7.31 (ddd, J=9.8, 8.4, 1.3, 1H), 7.25-7.20 (m, 1H), 3.86-3.60 (m, 3H), 3.59-3.42 (m, 4H), 3.14 (dd, J=10.9, 5.3, 1H), 2.94 (dd, J=10.9, 7.1, 2H), 2.38-2.27 (m, 6H), 2.07 (d, J=7.2, 3H).

Example 241 (5-Methoxy-2-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl)(5-(4,5,6-trimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl)methanone

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15, utilizing Intermediate 42 and 5-methoxy-2-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)benzoic acid. MS (ESI): mass calculated for C₂₃H₂₇N₇O₂, 433.22; m/z found 434.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃): 7.84 (d, J=9.0, 1H), 7.69 (s, 2H), 7.01 (dd, J=9.0, 2.8, 1H), 6.91 (d, J=2.8, 1H), 3.91-3.74 (m, 5H), 3.70-3.58 (m, 2H), 3.55 (dd, J=11.4, 5.2, 1H), 3.47-3.28 (m, 2H), 3.04-2.82 (m, 3H), 2.41-2.25 (m, 5H), 2.13-2.01 (m, 4H).

Example 242 (3-Fluoro-2-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl)(5-(6-fluoroquinazolin-2-yl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl)methanone

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15, utilizing Intermediate 43 and 3-fluoro-2-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)benzoic acid. MS (ESI): mass calculated for C₂₃H₁₉F₂N₇O, 447.16; m/z found 448.1 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃): 8.99 (s, 1H), 7.77 (d, J=15.8, 2H), 7.61 (dd, J=11.0, 5.5, 1H), 7.53-7.43 (m, 2H), 7.37-7.29 (m, 2H), 7.24 (s, 1H), 3.93 (d, J=9.9, 1H), 3.79 (dd, J=12.3, 7.4, 2H), 3.71-3.62 (m, 1H), 3.62 (s, 3H), 3.20 (dd, J=11.0, 5.3, 1H), 3.12-2.98 (m, 2H).

Example 243 (3-Fluoro-2-(pyrimidin-2-yl)phenyl)(5-(6-fluoroquinazolin-2-yl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl)methanone

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15, utilizing Intermediate 43 and 3-fluoro-2-(pyrimidin-2-yl)benzoic acid. MS (ESI): mass calculated for C₂₅H₂₀F₂N₆O, 458.17; m/z found 459.1 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃): 8.98 (d, J=8.1, 1H), 8.82-8.74 (m, 2H), 7.61 (dt, J=12.7, 6.4, 1H), 7.53-7.41 (m, 2H), 7.31 (td, J=8.0, 2.7, 1H), 7.25-7.18 (m, 2H), 7.15 (t, J=4.9, 1H), 4.00-3.88 (m, 1H), 3.89-3.69 (m, 3H), 3.68-3.52 (m, 3H), 3.36 (dd, J=10.9, 4.6, 1H), 3.14-2.97 (m, 2H).

Example 244 (5-(6,7-Difluoroquinoxalin-2-yl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl)(3-fluoro-2-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl)methanone

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15, utilizing Intermediate 44 and 3-fluoro-2-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)benzoic acid. MS (ESI): mass calculated for C₂₃H₁₈F₃N₇O, 465.15; m/z found 466.1 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃): 8.28 (s, 1H), 7.75 (d, J=20.8, 2H), 7.65 (dd, J=10.6, 8.4, 1H), 7.50 (tt, J=9.6, 4.8, 1H), 7.43 (dd, J=11.4, 8.0, 1H), 7.39-7.31 (m, 1H), 7.25 (dd, J=12.5, 4.9, 1H), 4.00-3.86 (m, 1H), 3.81 (dd, J=10.0, 5.6, 2H), 3.66-3.49 (m, 4H), 3.32-3.16 (m, 3H).

Example 245 (5-(6,7-Difluoroquinoxalin-2-yl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl)(5-methoxy-2-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl)methanone

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15, utilizing Intermediate 44 and 5-methoxy-2-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)benzoic acid. MS (ESI): mass calculated for C₂₄H₂₁F₂N₇O₂, 477.2; m/z found 478.1 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃): 8.25 (s, 1H), 7.84 (t, J=7.6, 1H), 7.64 (dt, J=19.7, 10.8, 3H), 7.42 (dd, J=11.4, 8.0, 1H), 7.03 (dd, J=9.0, 2.8, 1H), 6.92 (d, J=2.8, 1H), 3.97-3.84 (m, 5H), 3.64 (dd, J=18.2, 14.6, 5H), 3.12 (dd, J=19.8, 8.6, 3H).

Example 246 (5-(6,7-Difluoroquinoxalin-2-yl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl)(2-fluoro-6-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl)methanone

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15, utilizing Intermediate 44 and 2-fluoro-6-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)benzoic acid. MS (ESI): mass calculated for C₂₃H₁₈F₃N₇O, 465.2; m/z found 466.1 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃): 8.32-8.24 (m, 1H), 7.90-7.79 (m, 2H), 7.68 (s, 1H), 7.65 (ddd, J=10.7, 8.5, 4.2, 1H), 7.55-7.38 (m, 2H), 7.22-7.10 (m, 1H), 4.13-3.48 (m, 7H), 3.40-3.05 (m, 3H).

Example 247 (2-Bromo-3-fluorophenyl)(5-(6-fluoroquinazolin-2-yl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl)methanone

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15, utilizing Intermediate 43 and 2-bromo-3-fluorobenzoic acid. MS (ESI): mass calculated for C₂₁H₁₇BrF₂N₄O, 458.1; m/z found 459.0 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): 8.95 (d, J=19.8, 1H), 8.01 (s, 1H), 7.59 (dt, J=13.3, 6.7, 1H), 7.52-7.40 (m, 1H), 7.40-7.28 (m, 1H), 7.18-7.05 (m, 2H), 4.01 (dt, J=12.8, 8.4, 2H), 3.95-3.85 (m, 1H), 3.80-3.48 (m, 4H), 3.27-3.04 (m, 3H).

Example 248 (5-(4,6-dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl)(4-fluoro-2-(5-methylpyridin-2-yl)phenyl)methanone

(5-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl)(4-fluoro-2-(5-methylpyridin-2-yl)phenyl)methanone. The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Intermediate 50, Step A, substituting (5-(4,6-dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl)(4-fluoro-2-iodophenyl)methanone for 2-iodo-3-fluorobenzonitrile, 5-methyl-2-(tributylstannyl)pyridine for 2-tributylstannane pyrimidine, dioxane for DME and heating to 130° C. for 60 minutes. The reactions were filtered through celite, rinsed with EtOAc and then concentrated and purified on RP agilent HPLC and fractions lyophilized. MS (ESI) mass calcd. for C₂₅H₂₆FN₅O, 431.21. found 432.2 [M+H]⁺.

Example 249 (2-Bromopyridin-3-yl)(5-(4,5,6-trimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl)methanone

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 1 utilizing Intermediate 42 and 2-bromopyridine-3-carboxylic acid. MS (ESI): mass calculated for C₁₉H₂₂BrN₅O, 415.10; m/z found 416.1 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (600 MHz, CDCl₃): 8.44 (dd, J=4.7, 1.6, 1H), 7.33 (dd, J=7.6, 4.7, 1H), 6.38-6.24 (m, 1H), 3.94-3.90 (m, 2H), 3.88-3.84 (m, 1H), 3.74-3.50 (m, 4H), 3.31-3.01 (m, 3H), 2.40-2.23 (m, 6H), 2.12-2.06 (m, 3H).

Example 250 (2-(1-(Tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)pyridin-3-yl)(5-(4,5,6-trimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl)methanone

The title compound was prepared in a manner similar to Example 236, utilizing Example 249 and 4-(terahydropyran-2H-yl)-1H pyrazole-5 boronic acid pinacol ester. MS (ESI): mass calculated for C₂₇H₃₃N₇O₂, 487.27; m/z found 488.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃): 8.78-8.72 (m, 1H), 7.80-7.75 (m, 1H), 7.62-7.45 (m, 1H), 7.34 (dd, J=4.8, 1.5, 1H), 6.33-6.23 (m, 1H), 3.91-3.78 (m, 2H), 3.72-3.53 (m, 3H), 3.53-3.36 (m, 2H), 3.36-3.15 (m, 3H), 2.98-2.70 (m, 3H), 2.65 (d, J=6.8, 1H), 2.38-2.27 (m, 6H), 2.10-2.06 (m, 3H), 2.18-2.01 (m, 2H), 1.94 (s, 3H).

Example 251 (2-(1H-Pyrazol-5-yl)pyridin-3-yl)(5-(4,5,6-trimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl)methanone

The title compound was prepared in a manner similar to Example 237, utilizing (2-(1-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)pyridin-3-yl)(5-(4,5,6-trimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl)methanone (Example 250). MS (ESI): mass calculated for C₂₃H₁₈F₃N₇O, 403.21; m/z found 404.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃): 11.90 (s, 1H), 8.65 (dd, J=4.7, 1.5, 1H), 7.65 (dd, J=7.7, 1.6, 1H), 7.50 (d, J=7.0, 1H), 7.34-7.21 (m, 1H), 6.81 (s, 1H), 3.66-3.60 (m, 6H), 3.26 (s, 4H), 2.39-2.25 (m, 6H), 2.09 (d, J=40.1, 3H).

Example 252 6-[5-{[2-Fluoro-6-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl]-2-methylpyrimidin-4(3H)-one

To a solution of Intermediate 16 (35.3 mg, 0.117 mmol) in n-butanol (0.5 mL) was added triethylamine (0.065 mL, 0.47 mmol) and 6-chloro-2-methylpyrimidin-4-ol (33.9 mg, 0.234 mmol). The mixture was heated to 150° C. in the microwave for 18 minutes. The reaction was concentrated and purified by reverse phase HPLC to give the title compound (21.4 mg, 45%). MS (ESI): mass calculated for C₂₀H₂₀FN₇O₂, 409.4; m/z found [M+H]⁺410.2. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): 7.91-7.76 (m, 3H), 7.54-7.42 (m, 1H), 7.15 (t, J=8.5 Hz, 1H), 4.07-2.94 (m, 11H), 2.37 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 3H).

Example 253 2-(2,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-4-yl)-5-{[5-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-methyl-1,3-thiazol-4-yl]carbonyl}octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

To a solution of Intermediate 48 (15.8 mg, 0.048 mmol) was added DMF (0.4 mL), 4-chloro-2,6-dimethylpyrimidine (8.2 mg, 0.057 mmol) and cesium carbonate (38.8 mg, 0.119 mmol). The mixture was heated to 100° C. for 18 hours, diluted with water and extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated. The residue was purified by reverse phase HPLC to give the title compound (12.9 mg, 62%). MS (ESI): mass calculated for C₂₃H₂₄FN₅OS, 437.5; m/z found [M+H]⁺ 438.2. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): 7.51-7.41 (m, 2H), 7.06-6.95 (m, 2H), 6.29 (s, 1H), 3.892-3.76 (m, 2H), 3.73-3.51 (m, 3H), 3.44 (dd, J=11.6, 5.0 Hz, 1H), 3.32 (dd, J=11.6, 4.5 Hz, 1H), 3.10 (dd, J=11.3, 5.3 Hz, 1H), 3.02-2.80 (m, 2H), 2.70 (s, 3H), 2.31 (d, J=20.0 Hz, 6H).

Example 254 2-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-{[5-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-methyl-1,3-thiazol-4-yl]carbonyl}octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 253 substituting 2-chloro-4,6-dimethylpyrimidine for 4-chloro-2,6-dimethylpyrimidine. MS (ESI): mass calculated for C₂₃H₂₄FN₅OS, 437.5; m/z found [M+H]⁺438.2. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): 7.53-7.41 (m, 2H), 7.06-6.97 (m, 2H), 6.29 (s, 1H), 3.90-3.76 (m, 2H), 3.69-3.49 (m, 3H), 3.44 (dd, J=11.6, 5.0 Hz, 1H), 3.32 (dd, J=11.6, 4.5 Hz, 1H), 3.10 (dd, J=11.3, 5.3 Hz, 1H), 3.02-2.82 (m, 2H), 2.70 (s, 3H), 2.29 (s, 6H).

Example 255 6-[5-{[5-(4-Fluorophenyl)-2-methyl-1,3-thiazol-4-yl]carbonyl}hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl]-2-methylpyrimidin-4(3H)-one

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 252 substituting Intermediate 48 for Intermediate 16. MS (ESI): mass calculated for C₂₂H₂₂FN₅O₂S, 439.5; m/z found 440.1 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): 12.77 (s, 1H), 7.50-7.43 (m, 2H), 7.09-7.02 (m, 2H), 3.90-3.82 (m, 2H), 3.66-3.49 (m, 4H), 3.29-2.82 (m, 5H), 2.71 (s, 3H), 2.36 (s, 3H).

Example 256 6-{5-[(5-Fluoro-2-pyrimidin-2-ylphenyl)carbonyl]hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl}-2-methylpyrimidin-4(3H)-one

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 252, substituting (5-fluoro-2-(pyrimidin-2-yl)phenyl)(hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl)methanone for Intermediate 16. MS (ESI): mass calculated for C₂₂H₂₁FN₆O₂, 420.5; m/z found 421.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): 12.85 (s, 1H), 8.73 (d, J=4.9 Hz, 2H), 8.35 (dd, J=8.8, 5.6 Hz, 1H), 7.24-7.13 (m, 2H), 7.07 (dd, J=8.4, 2.6 Hz, 1H), 3.90 (dd, J=12.6, 7.7 Hz, 1H), 3.76-3.65 (m, 3H), 3.55-3.48 (m, 2H), 3.24-2.90 (m, 4H), 2.36 (d, J=8.7 Hz, 3H).

Example 257 (5-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl)(4-fluoro-2-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl)methanone

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15, utilizing Intermediate 23 and Intermediate 4. MS (ESI): mass calculated for C₂₃H₂₄FN₅O, 407.19; m/z found 408.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): 7.80-7.68 (m, 3H), 7.39 (dd, J=8.4, 5.8, 1H), 7.17-7.09 (m, 1H), 6.40 (s, 1H), 6.17 (s, 2H), 3.89 (dd, J=12.7, 7.6, 2H), 3.69 (dd, J=12.8, 4.3, 2H), 3.61-3.48 (m, 2H), 3.45-3.32 (m, 2H), 3.25 (dd, J=9.5, 5.0, 2H), 1.25 (s, 6H).

Example 258 (5-(4,6-Dimethoxypyrimidin-2-yl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl)(2-fluoro-6-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl)methanone

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15, utilizing Intermediate 45 and Intermediate 12. MS (ESI): mass calculated for C₂₁H₂₂FN₇O₃, 439.18; m/z found 440.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): 7.89-7.80 (m, 2H), 7.73 (s, 1H), 7.53-7.43 (m, 1H), 7.15 (tdd, J=8.4, 3.7, 0.9, 1H), 5.39 (d, J=2.4, 1H), 4.02-3.48 (m, 13H), 3.31-2.89 (m, 3H).

Example 259 (5-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl)(2-methyl-6-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl)methanone

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15, utilizing Intermediate 23 and Intermediate 11. MS (ESI): mass calculated for C₂₂H₂₅N₇O, 403.21; m/z found 404.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): 7.84-7.75 (m, 2H), 7.69 (s, 1H), 7.38 (td, J=7.9, 2.4, 1H), 7.25-7.22 (m, 1H), 6.29 (d, J=3.8, 1H), 3.98-3.30 (m, 8H), 3.01 (dd, J=11.5, 6.6, 2H), 2.30 (d, J=3.6, 3H), 1.57 (s, 6H).

Example 260 (5-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl)(3-methyl-2-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl)methanone

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15, utilizing Intermediate 23 and 3-methyl-2-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)benzoic acid (Intermediate 82). MS (ESI): mass calculated for C₂₂H₂₅N₇O, 403.21; m/z found 404.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): 7.76 (s, 1H), 7.44-7.34 (m, 2H), 7.25 (s, 1H), 7.24 (d, J=1.9, 1H), 6.30 (s, 1H), 3.88-3.40 (m, 8H), 3.23 (dd, J=11.0, 4.9, 1H), 3.00-2.83 (m, 1H), 2.36-2.26 (m, 3H), 2.24 (d, J=16.1, 3H), 1.63 (s, 3H).

Example 261 (2-Fluoro-6-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl)(5-(5-nitropyrimidin-2-yl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl)methanone

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15, utilizing Intermediate 46 and Intermediate 12. MS (ESI): mass calculated for C₁₉H₁₇FN₈O₃, 424.14; m/z found 425.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): 9.10 (ddd, J=9.9, 5.7, 3.3, 2H), 7.90-7.79 (m, 2H), 7.74 (d, J=6.6, 1H), 7.55-7.44 (m, 1H), 7.22-7.10 (m, 1H), 4.13-3.60 (m, 7H), 3.40-3.07 (m, 3H).

Example 262 Methyl 2-(5-(2-fluoro-6-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)benzoyl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidine-5-carboxylate

A mixture of Intermediate 16 (30 mg, 0.9 mmol), methyl 2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidine-5-carboxylate (22 mg, 0.09 mmol), Cs₂CO₃ (92.4 mg, 0.28 mmol), in DMA (1 mL) was heated to 100° C. for 72 hours. The mixture was cooled to rt diluted with H₂O and extracted with EtOAc. The organics were combined, dried and concentrated under reduced pressure. Purification (FCC) (10% MeOH, 0.1% NH₄OH in DCM/DCM) afforded the title compound (19 mg, 37%) MS (ESI): mass calculated for C₂₂H₁₉F₄N₇O₃, 505.15; m/z found 506.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): 8.98-8.85 (m, 1H), 7.92-7.78 (m, 2H), 7.73 (d, J=2.8, 1H), 7.54-7.42 (m, 1H), 7.15 (td, J=8.4, 4.9, 1H), 4.15-3.45 (m, 11H), 3.41-2.95 (m, 3H). The aqueous layer was acidified with 1 N HCl and extracted with EtOAc. The organics were combined, dried and concentrated under reduced pressure. Purification (FCC) (0-100% soln of 5% MeOH, 0.5% HOAc in DCM/DCM) to afford 2-(5-(2-fluoro-6-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)benzoyl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidine-5-carboxylic acid (22 mg, 44%).

Example 263 2-(5-(2-Fluoro-6-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)benzoyl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidine-5-carboxylic acid

The title compound was isolated from the synthesis of Example 262. MS (ESI): mass calculated for C₂₁H₁₇F₄N₇O₃, 491.13; m/z found 492.1 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD): 8.90 (t, J=11.7, 1H), 7.97 (s, 1H), 7.94-7.79 (m, 2H), 7.69-7.58 (m, 1H), 7.29 (dt, J=25.1, 12.6, 1H), 4.05-3.50 (m, 7H), 3.18 (tdd, J=19.6, 13.8, 6.8, 3H).

Example 264 (2-(4H-1,2,4-Triazol-4-yl)phenyl)(5-(4,6-dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl)methanone

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15, utilizing Intermediate 23 and 2-(4H-1,2,4-triazol-4-yl)benzoic acid. MS (ESI): mass calculated for C₂₂H₁₉F₄N₇O₃, 505.15; m/z found 506.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): 8.49 (s, 2H), 7.54 (dd, J=7.6, 1.9, 3H), 7.45-7.37 (m, 1H), 6.31 (d, J=11.3, 1H), 3.88-3.65 (m, 4H), 3.50 (dd, J=12.0, 4.4, 2H), 3.33 (dt, J=11.2, 5.6, 1H), 3.08-2.80 (m, 3H), 2.28-2.26 (m, 6H).

Example 265 2-(5-(2-Fluoro-6-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)benzoyl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl)-6-methylpyrimidine-4-carboxylic acid

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 262, substituting methyl 2-chloro-6-methylpyrimidine-4-carboxylate for methyl 2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidine-5-carboxylate. MS (ESI): mass calculated for C₂₁H₂₀FN₇O₃, 437.16; m/z found 438.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD): 7.96 (d, J=6.2, 1H), 7.92-7.79 (m, 2H), 7.67-7.57 (m, 1H), 7.29 (d, J=8.4, 1H), 7.09 (s, 1H), 4.01-3.53 (m, 7H), 3.28-2.99 (m, 3H), 2.40-2.36 (m, 3H).

Example 266 (4,5-Difluoro-2-(4H-1,2,4-triazol-4-yl)phenyl)(5-(4,6-dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl)methanone

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15, utilizing Intermediate 23 and 4,5-difluoro-2-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)benzoic acid. MS (ESI): mass calculated for C₂₁H₂₁F₂N₇O, 425.18; m/z found 425.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): 7.86 (dd, J=10.8, 7.0, 1H), 7.74 (s, 2H), 7.26-7.19 (m, 1H), 6.30 (s, 1H), 3.86 (dd, J=11.8, 7.6, 2H), 3.66-3.50 (m, 5H), 3.10-2.86 (m, 3H), 2.36-2.23 (m, 6H).

Example 267 (5-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl)(3-methyl-2-(1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)phenyl)methanone

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15, utilizing Intermediate 23 and 3-methyl-2-(1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)benzoic acid. MS (ESI): mass calculated for C₂₂H₂₅N₇O, 403.21; m/z found 404.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): 7.87-7.77 (m, 1H), 7.52-7.38 (m, 2H), 7.25 (d, J=4.7, 2H), 6.28 (s, 1H), 3.76 (dd, J=11.6, 7.2, 2H), 3.65-3.29 (m, 6H), 3.12 (dd, J=11.1, 4.9, 1H), 2.96-2.83 (m, 1H), 2.29 (s, 6H), 2.15 (d, J=18.1, 3H).

Example 268 2-(5-(2-Fluoro-6-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)benzoyl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl)-N,N,6-trimethylpyrimidine-4-carboxamide

The title compound was prepared using Example 265 in a manner analogous to Example 15 substituting dimethylamine for 2-(4,6-dimethyl-pyrimidin-2-yl)-octahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole and EDCl for HATU in the last step. MS (ESI): mass calculated for C₂₃H₂₅FN₈O₂, 464.21; m/z found 464.4[M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): 7.90-7.79 (m, 2H), 7.73 (s, 1H), 7.53-7.41 (m, 1H), 7.18-7.09 (m, 1H), 6.57 (d, J=9.8, 1H), 4.05-3.48 (m, 8H), 3.31-2.91 (m, 10H), 2.38 (s, 4H), 1.60 (s, 3H).

Example 269 2-(5-(2-Fluoro-6-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)benzoyl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl)-N,N-dimethyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidine-5-carboxamide

The title compound was prepared using Example 263 in a manner analogous to Example 15 substituting dimethylamine for 2-(4,6-dimethyl-pyrimidin-2-yl)-octahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole and EDCl for HATU in the last step. MS (ESI): mass calculated for C₂₃H₂₂F₄N₈O₂, 518.18; m/z found 518.2 [M+H]⁺.

Example 270 (5-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl)(mesityl)methanone

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15, utilizing Intermediate 23 and 2,4,6-trimethylbenzoic acid. MS (ESI): mass calculated for C₂₂H₂₈N₄O, 364.23; m/z found 365.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): 6.82 (d, J=8.5, 2H), 6.29 (s, 1H), 4.03-3.29 (m, 8H), 3.11-2.89 (m, 2H), 2.35-2.11 (m, 15H).

Example 271 (2,3-Difluorophenyl)(5-(4,6-dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl)methanone

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15, utilizing Intermediate 23 and 2,3-difluorobenzoic acid. MS (ESI): mass calculated for C₁₉H₂₀F₂N₄O, 358.16; m/z found 358.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): 7.26-7.08 (m, 3H), 6.30 (s, 1H), 4.03-3.73 (m, 3H), 3.71-3.57 (m, 3H), 3.39 (dd, J=11.3, 5.0, 2H), 3.16-2.95 (m, 2H), 2.36-2.19 (m, 6H).

Example 272 (5-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl)(4-methoxy-2-(pyrimidin-2-yl)phenyl)methanone

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15 substituting Intermediate 88 for 3-fluoro-2-[1,2,3]triazol-2-yl-benzoic acid. MS (ESI) mass calcd. for C₂₄H₂₆N₆O₂, 430.5; m/z found, 431.3 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): 8.78 (t, J=4.6 Hz, 2H), 7.80 (d, J=2.6 Hz, 1H), 7.33-7.27 (m, 1H), 7.16 (q, J=4.7 Hz, 1H), 7.05 (dd, J=8.4, 2.7 Hz, 1H), 6.30 (s, 1H), 3.91 (d, J=3.6 Hz, 3H), 3.85 (ddd, J=11.7, 7.8, 3.4 Hz, 2H), 3.72-3.60 (m, 3H), 3.54 (dd, J=11.6, 4.8 Hz, 1H), 3.47 (dd, J=11.0, 7.3 Hz, 1H), 3.16 (dd, J=11.1, 4.9 Hz, 1H), 3.00-2.87 (m, 2H), 2.30 (s, 6H).

Example 273 (2,3-Dimethoxyphenyl)(5-(4,6-dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl)methanone

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15, utilizing Intermediate 23 and 2,3-dimethoxybenzoic acid. MS (ESI): mass calculated for C₂₁H₂₆N₄O₃, 382.20; m/z found 383.4 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): 7.09 (dd, J=17.8, 9.7, 1H), 6.89 (dd, J=7.9, 1.4, 2H), 6.33-6.19 (m, 1H), 4.02-3.43 (m, 13H), 3.32-2.83 (m, 3H), 2.39-2.21 (m, 6H).

Example 274 (5-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl)(2-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)methanone

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15, utilizing Intermediate 23 and 2-(trifluoromethoxy)benzoic acid. MS (ESI): mass calculated for C₂₀H₂₁F₃N₄O₂, 406.16; m/z found 407.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): 7.49-7.27 (m, 4H), 6.30 (s, 1H), 4.08-3.36 (m, 8H), 3.28-2.80 (m, 3H), 2.40-2.19 (m, 6H).

Example 275 [5-(4,6-Dimethyl-pyrimidin-2-yl)-hexahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2-yl]-(6-methyl-2-[1,2,3]triazol-2-yl-pyridin-3-yl)-methanone

To a pale yellow solution of 2-(4,6-dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole (Intermediate 23) (50 mg, 0.23 mmol) in 2 mL of DMF was added 6-methyl-2-[1,2,3]triazol-2-yl-nicotinic acid (Intermediate 70) (51 mg, 0.25 mmol) followed by HATU (131 mg, 0.34 mmol) and DIPEA (0.118 mL, 0.69 mmol). The resulting solution was allowed to stir at room temp for 1 h and turned progressively more intense yellow as the reaction continued. The reaction was monitored via LCMS and quenched with H₂O once starting materials we no longer observed. The resulting biphasic mixture was extracted with EtOAc three times. The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried with Na₂SO₄ and conc. into a pale yellow oil under reduced pressure. The yellow residue was purified via FCC using 5-50% 2M NH₃/MeOH in DCM. Minor impurities remained so the material was further purified via HPLC 0-99% CH₃N to give the desired product. MS (ESI) mass calcd. for C₂₁H₂₄N₈O, 404.47; m/z found 405.3 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) 7.80 (s, 2H), 7.72 (d, J=7.7 Hz, 1H), 7.29-7.24 (m, 1H), 6.30 (s, 1H), 3.90-3.80 (m, 2H), 3.73-3.63 (m, 2H), 3.59 (dd, J=11.6, 5.3 Hz, 1H), 3.47 (dd, J=11.6, 3.7 Hz, 1H), 3.33 (s, 1H), 3.00 (ddd, J=38.4, 21.7, 7.2 Hz, 3H), 2.68 (s, 3H), 2.30 (s, 6H).

Example 276 (5-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl)(2-methoxy-4-methylphenyl)methanone

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15, utilizing Intermediate 23 and 2-methoxy-4-methylbenzoic acid. MS (ESI): mass calculated for C₂₁H₂₆N₄O₂, 366.21; m/z found 367.3 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): 7.13 (d, J=7.6, 1H), 6.77 (d, J=7.6, 1H), 6.70 (s, 1H), 6.28 (s, 1H), 4.00-3.40 (m, 11H), 3.27-2.85 (m, 3H), 2.41-2.19 (m, 9H).

Example 277 (5-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl)(4-methoxy-2-methylphenyl)methanone

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15, utilizing Intermediate 23 and 4-methoxy-2-methylbenzoic acid. MS (ESI): mass calculated for C₂₁H₂₆N₄O₂, 366.21; m/z found 367.3 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): 7.11 (d, J=7.9, 1H), 6.77-6.67 (m, 2H), 6.29 (s, 1H), 4.01-3.83 (m, 2H), 3.83-3.72 (m, 4H), 3.72-3.55 (m, 2H), 3.46 (dt, J=11.9, 6.0, 2H), 3.21-2.89 (m, 3H), 2.37-2.25 (m, 9H).

Example 278 (2,6-Difluorophenyl)(5-(4,6-dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl)methanone

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15, utilizing Intermediate 23 and 2,6-difluorobenzoic acid. MS (ESI): mass calculated for C₁₉H₂₀F₂N₄O, 358.16; m/z found 359.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): 7.34 (tt, J=8.4, 6.4, 1H), 6.93 (s, 2H), 6.30 (s, 1H), 4.12-3.76 (m, 3H), 3.75-3.45 (m, 4H), 3.36-2.88 (m, 3H), 2.30 (s, 6H).

Example 279 2-[5-{[2-Fluoro-6-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl]-6-methylpyrimidine-4-carbonitrile

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15, utilizing Intermediate 12 and Intermediate 49. MS (ESI): mass calculated for C₂₁H₁₉F₂N₈O, 418.44; m/z found 419.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): 7.91-7.80 (m, 2H), 7.75 (s, 1H), 7.55-7.42 (m, 1H), 7.15 (ddd, J=8.4, 6.6, 4.0 Hz, 1H), 6.69 (d, J=5.5 Hz, 1H), 4.07-3.46 (m, 7H), 3.35-3.20 (m, 1H), 3.19-2.94 (m, 2H), 2.40 (s, 3H).

Example 280 2-[4,6-Bis(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidin-2-yl]-5-{[2-fluoro-6-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

Step A: Intermediate 16 (100 mg, 0.332 mmol) was diluted with DCM (10 mL) and was treated with 1,3-di-boc-2-(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)guanidine (118.2 mg, 0.302 mmol) and triethyl amine (0.046 mL, 0.332 mmol). The reaction was stirred at room temperature overnight, then was diluted with DCM and water, extracted and concentrated to provide crude tert-butyl (((tert-butoxycarbonyl)imino)(5-(2-fluoro-6-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)benzoyl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl)methyl)carbamate (165 mg) which was used as is in Step B. MS (ESI): mass calculated for C₂₆H₃₄FN₇O₅, 543.60; m/z found 544.3 [M+H]⁺.

Step B: Crude tert-butyl (((tert-butoxycarbonyl)imino)(5-(2-fluoro-6-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)benzoyl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl)methyl)carbamate was dissolved in dioxin (8 mL) and TFA (3 mL) was added and the reaction was stirred at room temperature overnight to form crude 5-(2-fluoro-6-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)benzoyl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole-2(1H)-carboximidamide (214 mg) as a TFA salt which was used directly in Step C.

Step C: Crude 5-(2-fluoro-6-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)benzoyl)hexahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole-2(1H)-carboximidamide TFA salt (66 mg) was diluted with n-butanol (4 mL) and treated with sodium methoxide (51.9 mg, 0.961 mmol). The reaction is heated to reflux for 1 hour, then cooled and 1,1,1,5,5,5-hexafluoropentane-2,4-dione (400 mg, 1.92 mmol) is added prior to re-heating the reaction to reflux for 19 hours. The mixture was then cooled and concentrated, then diluted with DCM and saturated sodium bicarbonate. Extract with DCM and concentrate. Reverse phase HPLC gave the title compound (4.6 mg). MS (ESI): mass calculated for C₂₁H₁₆F₇N₇O, 515.39; m/z found 416.2 [M+H]⁺. Rotamers observed in ¹H NMR.

Example 281 2-[5-{[2-Fluoro-6-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl]-6-methylpyrimidin-4-ol

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 280, substituting methyl acetoacetate for 1,1,1,5,5,5-hexafluoropentane-2,4-dione in Step C. MS (ESI): mass calculated for C₂₀H₂₀FN₇O₂, 409.42; m/z found 410.2 [M+H]⁺. Rotamers observed in ¹H NMR.

Example 282 (2-Fluoro-6-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl)(5-(4-(furan-2-yl)-6-methylpyrimidin-2-yl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl)methanone

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 280, substituting 1-(furan-2-yl)butane-1,3-dione for 1,1,1,5,5,5-hexafluoropentane-2,4-dione in the Step C. MS (ESI): mass calculated for C₂₄H₂₂FN₇O₂, 459.49; m/z found 460.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR very broad peaks due to rotamers.

Example 283 2-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-[(3-fluoro-2-pyrimidin-2-ylphenyl)carbonyl]octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

To a mixture of 2-(4,6-dimethyl-pyrimidin-2-yl)-octahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole (1.4 g, 6.5 mmol), 3-fluoro-2-(pyrimidin-2-yl)benzoic acid (1.4 g, 6.5 mmol), and TEA (1.3 mL, 9.7 mmol) in DMF (32.0 mL) was added HATU (2.7 g, 7.1 mmol). After 1 h, the reaction mixture was diluted with EtOAc and washed with water. The aqueous layer was then extracted with EtOAc (1×). The combined organic phases were dried (Na₂SO₄), filtered and concentrated to dryness. The crude product was purified using silica gel chromatography (0-5% MeOH in EtOAc) to yield pure title compound (1.2 g, 44%). MS (ESI) mass calcd. For C₂₃H₂₃FN₆O, 418.48; m/z found 419.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): 8.91-8.56 (m, 2H), 7.47-7.42 (m, 1H), 7.24-7.14 (m, 3H), 6.30 (s, 1H), 3.81 (dd, J=11.6, 7.2 Hz, 1H), 3.72 (ddd, J=9.0, 7.2, 2.2 Hz, 2H), 3.68-3.47 (m, 4H), 3.31 (dd, J=11.0, 4.8 Hz, 1H), 3.05-2.89 (m, 2H), 2.31 (s, 6H).

Example 284 2-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-{[3-fluoro-2-(1H-pyrazol-5-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 283, substituting Intermediate 86 for 3-fluoro-2-(pyrimidin-2-yl)benzoic acid. MS (ESI) mass calcd. C₂₂H₂₃FN₆O, 406.47; m/z found 407.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): 11.33 (s, 1H), 7.50 (m, 1H), 7.35-7.31 (m, 1H), 7.21-7.08 (m, 2H), 6.64 (s, 1H), 6.28 (s, 1H), 3.82-2.71 (m, 10H), 2.30 (s, 6H).

Example 285 2-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-{[3-methoxy-2-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 283, substituting 3-methoxy-2-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)benzoic acid for 3-fluoro-2-(pyrimidin-2-yl)benzoic acid. MS (ESI) mass calcd. C₂₂H₂₅N₇O₂, 419.49; m/z found 420.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): 7.74 (d, J=6.6 Hz, 2H), 7.51-7.45 (m, 1H), 7.09 (dd, J=8.4, 1.0 Hz, 1H), 7.00 (dd, J=7.6, 1.1 Hz, 1H), 6.29 (s, 1H), 3.87-3.76 (m, 4H), 3.66 (ddd, J=19.8, 12.1, 7.0 Hz, 2H), 3.58-3.50 (m, 2H), 3.47-3.37 (m, 2H), 3.22 (dd, J=11.0, 5.1 Hz, 1H), 2.97-2.86 (m, 2H), 2.28 (s, J=20.1 Hz, 6H).

Example 286 2-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-{[3-methoxy-2-(1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

Step A: To 3-fluoro-2-(1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)benzonitrile (2.1 g, 11.2 mmol) in MeOH (30 mL) was added 2 M aq. NaOH (10 mL). The reaction was heated at reflux until determined complete by HPLC then cooled to room temperature, acidified with 1 N aq. HCl to pH=1 and extracted with DCM (2×). The combined organics were washed with brine and dried (Na₂SO₄) resulting in a mixture of two products, 3-methoxy-2-(1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)benzoic acid and 3-fluoro-2-(1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)benzoic acid, which were used without further purification in the next step.

Step B: 2-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-{[3-methoxy-2-(1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole. Example 286 was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 283, utilizing a mixture of 3-methoxy-2-(1H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)benzoic acid and 3-fluoro-2-(1H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)benzoic acid in place of 3-fluoro-2-(pyrimidin-2-yl)benzoic acid which gave 2 products, Example 286 and Example 287. For Example 286: MS (ESI) mass calcd. C₂₂H₂₃N₇O₂, 419.49; m/z found 420.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): 7.87 (d, J=1.0 Hz, 1H), 7.77 (d, J=1.0 Hz, 1H), 7.52-7.45 (m, 1H), 7.09 (dd, J=8.5, 1.0 Hz, 1H), 7.00 (dd, J=7.7, 1.1 Hz, 1H), 6.29 (s, J=5.2 Hz, 1H), 3.89-3.81 (m, 4H), 3.79-3.65 (m, 3H), 3.54-3.46 (m, 2H), 3.43-3.36 (m, 1H), 3.24 (dt, J=12.4, 6.1 Hz, 1H), 3.02-2.91 (m, 2H), 2.29 (s, 6H).

Example 287 2-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-{[3-fluoro-2-(1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

The title compound was isolated from Step B in Example 286. MS (ESI) mass calcd. C₂₁H₂₂FN₇O, 407.45; m/z found 408.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): 7.96-7.91 (m, 1H), 7.84-7.80 (m, 1H), 7.58-7.49 (m, 1H), 7.37-7.30 (m, 1H), 7.26-7.23 (m, 1H), 6.29 (s, 1H), 3.88-3.85 (m, 1H), 3.80-3.71 (m, 2H), 3.71-3.64 (m, 1H), 3.57-3.42 (m, 3H), 3.23 (dd, J=11.0, 5.0 Hz, 1H), 3.04-2.94 (m, 2H), 2.29 (s, 6H).

Example 288 2-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-{[4-methoxy-2-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

Step A: (5-Benzylhexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl)(4-methoxy-2-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl)methanone. To a mixture of 2-benzyloctahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole (282 mg, 1.4 mmol), 4-methoxy-2-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)benzoic acid (306 mg, 1.4 mmol), and TEA (0.21 mL, 1.5 mmol) in DMF (7.5 mL) was added HATU (583 mg, 1.5 mmol). After 1 h, the reaction mixture was diluted with EtOAc and washed with water. The aqueous layer was then extracted with EtOAc (1×). The combined organics were dried (Na₂SO₄) and concentrated to give a residue. Purification via Agilent prep system (Basic) gave 327 mg (58%) of the title compound as a clear oil. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): 7.79 (s, J=6.5 Hz, 2H), 7.50 (d, J=5.0 Hz, 1H), 7.36 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 1H), 7.34-7.21 (m, 5H), 6.95 (dd, J=8.5, 2.5 Hz, 1H), 3.93 (s, 3H), 3.86-3.72 (m, 1H), 3.65-3.46 (m, 3H), 3.13 (s, 1H), 2.90-2.74 (m, 2H), 2.74-2.59 (m, 2H), 2.57-2.39 (m, 2H), 2.16 (dd, J=9.2, 4.2 Hz, 1H).

Step B: (Hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl)(4-methoxy-2-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl)methanone. (5-Benzylhexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl) (4-methoxy-2-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl)methanone in EtOH (20 mL) and AcOH (1 mL) was continuously flowed through a 20 wt % Pd(OH)₂/C cartridge at a rate of 1 mL/min for 2 h at 50° C. and 50 bar using a H-cube apparatus. Then the reaction was concentrated and neutralized with 5% Na₂CO₃ (aq), and extracted with CH₂Cl₂ (3×). Combined organics and dried (Na₂SO₄) to give (hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl)(4-methoxy-2-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl)methanone as a clear oil that was used without further purification. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): 7.83-7.80 (m, 2H), 7.50 (d, J=2.5 Hz, 1H), 7.32 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 1H), 6.96 (dd, J=8.5, 2.5 Hz, 1H), 3.89 (s, 3H), 3.75-3.63 (m, 2H), 3.27 (s, 1H), 3.08 (dd, J=11.9, 8.1 Hz, 1H), 2.94 (dt, J=11.4, 5.7 Hz, 2H), 2.88-2.75 (m, 2H), 2.69 (dd, J=17.8, 14.3 Hz, 1H), 2.56 (dd, J=11.4, 3.9 Hz, 1H).

Step C: 2-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-{[4-methoxy-2-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole. To (hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl)(4-methoxy-2-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl)methanone (185 mg, 0.4 mmol) in DMF (2.2 mL) was added 2-chloro-4,6-dimethylpyrimidine (61 mg, 0.4 mmol). The flask was heated to 120° C. for 18 h. The flask was allowed to cool to rt, diluted with EtOAc and washed with H₂O. The aq was back-extracted with EtOAc (1×). The combined organics were washed with brine and dried (Na₂SO₄) to give an oil. Purification via silica gel (15-75% EtOAc in hexanes) gave 175 mg (97%) of the title compound. MS (ESI) mass calcd. C₂₂H₂₅N₇O₂, 419.49; m/z found 420.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): 7.73 (s, 2H), 7.49 (d, J=7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.33 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 1H), 6.95 (dd, J=8.5, 2.5 Hz, 1H), 6.29 (s, 1H), 3.93-3.80 (m, 5H), 3.72-3.63 (m, 2H), 3.58 (dd, J=11.6, 5.2 Hz, 1H), 3.46 (dd, J=11.6, 4.3 Hz, 1H), 3.39-3.28 (m, 1H), 3.05-2.84 (m, 3H), 2.33 (s, 6H).

Example 289 2-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-{[4-methoxy-2-(1H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 283, utilizing a mixture of 4-methoxy-2-(1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)benzoic acid and 4-methoxy-2-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)benzoic acid obtained from the synthesis of Intermediate 54. Purification of the final compounds gave the title compound as an oil. MS (ESI) mass calcd. C₂₂H₂₅N₇O₂, 419.49; m/z found 420.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): 7.98 (s, J=2.9 Hz, 1H), 7.77 (s, J=4.1 Hz, 1H), 7.42-7.36 (m, 1H), 7.18 (d, J=2.5 Hz, 1H), 7.06 (dd, J=8.5, 2.5 Hz, 1H), 6.29 (s, 1H), 3.90 (s, J=7.6 Hz, 3H), 3.83-3.66 (m, 3H), 3.50-3.42 (m, 2H), 3.30 (dd, J=11.6, 4.7 Hz, 1H), 3.22 (dd, J=11.1, 7.3 Hz, 1H), 2.99-2.76 (m, 3H), 2.28 (d, J=16.2 Hz, 6H).

Example 290 2-(5-Fluoro-4-methylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-{[2-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

A mixture of Intermediate 20 (86 mg, 0.30 mmol), Intermediate 55 (44 mg, 0.3 mmol) and DIPEA (0.16 mL, 0.91 mmol) in ACN (1 mL) was heated in the microwave at 200° C. for 2 h. The mixture was concentrated in vacuo and chromatography (Hex to 100% EtOAc/Hex) afforded the title compound (82 mg, 69%). MS (ESI): mass calculated for C₂₀H₂₀FN₇O, 393.17, m/z found 394.2 [M+1]⁺. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): 8.06 (d, J=1.7 Hz, 1H), 7.98 (d, J=8.1 Hz, 1H), 7.75 (s, 2H), 7.57-7.48 (m, 1H), 7.43 (d, J=6.2 Hz, 2H), 3.93-3.77 (m, 2H), 3.74-3.60 (m, 2H), 3.59-3.51 (m, 1H), 3.46-3.33 (m, 2H), 3.09-2.88 (m, 3H), 2.37 (d, J=2.5 Hz, 3H).

Example 291 2-(2-Chloro-5-fluoropyrimidin-4-yl)-5-{[2-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 290 utilizing Intermediate 20 and substituting 2,4-dichloro-5-fluoropyrimidine for Intermediate 55. MS (ESI) mass calculated for C₁₉H₁₇ClFN₇O, 413.85; m/z found, 414.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): 8.01 (d, J=8.3 Hz, 1H), 7.90 (d, J=5.0 Hz, 1H), 7.79 (s, 2H), 7.58-7.51 (m, 1H), 7.48-7.39 (m, 2H), 4.04-3.93 (m, 1H), 3.92-3.70 (m, 4H), 3.68-3.59 (m, 1H), 3.46 (br s, 1H), 3.13-2.88 (m, 3H).

Example 292 2-(5-Fluoropyrimidin-2-yl)-5-{[2-fluoro-6-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 290 substituting Intermediate 16 for Intermediate 20 and 2-chloro-5-fluoropyrimidine for Intermediate 55. MS (ESI) mass calculated for C₁₉H₁₇F₂N₇O, 397.39; m/z found, 398.2. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): 8.26-8.17 (m, 2H), 7.89-7.78 (m, 2H), 7.73 (s, 1H), 7.53-7.44 (m, 1H), 7.19-7.10 (m, 1H), 4.02-3.45 (m, 7H), 3.30-3.23 (m, 1H), 3.17-2.97 (m, 2H).

Example 293 2-(5-Fluoro-4-methylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-{[2-fluoro-6-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 290 substituting Intermediate 16 for Intermediate 20. MS (ESI) mass calculated for C₂₀H₁₉F₂N₇O, 411.42; m/z found, 412.2. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): 8.09-8.03 (m, 1H), 7.88-7.79 (m, 2H), 7.72 (s, 1H), 7.51-7.43 (m, 1H), 7.18-7.10 (m, 1H), 4.01-3.45 (m, 7H), 3.30-3.21 (m, 1H), 3.15-2.95 (m, 2H), 2.37 (d, J=2.4 Hz, 3H).

Example 294 2-{[2-Fluoro-6-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}-5-(4,5,6-trimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 290 substituting Intermediate 16 for Intermediate 20 and Intermediate 56 for Intermediate 55. MS (ESI) mass calculated for C₂₂H₂₄FN₇O, 421.48; m/z found, 422.2. ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃): 7.88-7.79 (m, 2H), 7.72 (s, 1H), 7.50-7.43 (m, 1H), 7.17-7.10 (m, 1H), 3.93-3.47 (m, 7H), 3.28-3.21 (m, 1H), 3.11-2.93 (m, 2H), 2.33 (s, 6H), 2.07 (s, 3H).

Example 295 2-(4,5-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-{[2-fluoro-6-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 290 substituting Intermediate 16 for Intermediate 20 and Intermediate 57 for Intermediate 55. MS (ESI) mass calculated for C₂₁H₂₂FN₇O, 407.45; m/z found, 408.2. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): 7.99 (s, 1H), 7.89-7.78 (m, 2H), 7.72 (s, 1H), 7.53-7.42 (m, 1H), 7.19-7.08 (m, 1H), 4.02-3.46 (m, 7H), 3.31-3.21 (m, 1H), 3.15-2.95 (m, 2H), 2.32 (s, 3H), 2.09 (s, 3H).

Example 296 2-{[2-Fluoro-6-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}-5-(4-methoxy-6-methylpyrimidin-2-yl)octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

The title compound was isolated from the synthesis of Intermediate 58. MS (ESI) mass calculated for C₂₁H₂₂FN₇O₂, 423.45; m/z found, 424.0. ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃): 7.88-7.80 (m, 2H), 7.72 (s, 1H), 7.52-7.44 (m, 1H), 7.18-7.11 (m, 1H), 5.87 (d, J=4.3 Hz, 1H), 4.00-3.50 (m, 10H), 3.30-3.22 (m, 1H), 3.13-2.93 (m, 2H), 2.28 (s, 3H).

Example 297 2-(4-Ethyl-6-methylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-{[2-fluoro-6-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Intermediate 55 substituting Intermediate 58 for 2,4-dichloro-5-fluoropyrimidine and 1.0 M EtMgBr in THF for 3.0 M MeMgBr in Et₂O. MS (ESI) mass calculated for C₂₂H₂₄FN₇O, 421.48; m/z found, 422.0. ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃): 7.88-7.79 (m, 2H), 7.71 (s, 1H), 7.51-7.43 (m, 1H), 7.18-7.11 (m, 1H), 6.29 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 4.01-3.50 (m, 7H), 3.31-3.22 (m, 1H), 3.13-2.94 (m, 2H), 2.56 (q, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 2.31 (d, J=1.6 Hz, 3H), 1.27-1.21 (m, 3H).

Example 298 2-{[2-Fluoro-6-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}-5-[4-methyl-6-(1-methylethyl)pyrimidin-2-yl]octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Intermediate 55 substituting Intermediate 58 for 2,4-dichloro-5-fluoropyrimidine and 2.0 M iPrMgBr in THF for 3.0 M MeMgBr in Et₂O. Three products were formed in this reaction, 2-{[2-fluoro-6-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}-5-[4-methyl-6-(1-methylethyl)pyrimidin-2-yl]octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole, 2-[4-methyl-6-(1-methylethyl)pyrimidin-2-yl]-5-{[2-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole and 2-{[5-(1-Methylethyl)-2-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}-5-[4-methyl-6-(1-methylethyl)pyrimidin-2-yl]octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole. MS (ESI) mass calculated for C₂₃H₂₆FN₇O, 435.51; m/z found, 436.2. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): 7.89-7.79 (m, 2H), 7.72 (s, 1H), 7.52-7.43 (m, 1H), 7.18-7.10 (m, 1H), 6.32-6.25 (m, 1H), 4.01-3.49 (m, 7H), 3.31-3.21 (m, 1H), 3.13-2.93 (m, 2H), 2.82-2.70 (m, 1H), 2.32 (d, J=2.1 Hz, 3H), 1.27-1.20 (m, 6H).

Example 299 2-[4-Methyl-6-(1-methylethyl)pyrimidin-2-yl]-5-{[2-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

The title compound was isolated from the synthesis of Example 298. MS (ESI) mass calculated for C₂₃H₂₇N₇O, 417.52; m/z found, 418.2. ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃): 7.98 (d, J=8.1 Hz, 1H), 7.73 (s, 2H), 7.55-7.48 (m, 1H), 7.45-7.39 (m, 2H), 6.29 (s, 1H), 3.91-3.83 (m, 2H), 3.74-3.64 (m, 2H), 3.63-3.57 (m, 1H), 3.50-3.44 (m, 1H), 3.42-3.27 (m, 1H), 3.07-2.88 (m, 3H), 2.81-2.59 (m, 1H), 2.31 (s, 3H), 1.25-1.21 (m, 6H).

Example 300 2-{[5-(1-Methylethyl)-2-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}-5-[4-methyl-6-(1-methylethyl)pyrimidin-2-yl]octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

The title compound was isolated from the synthesis of Example 298. MS (ESI) mass calculated for C₂₆H₃₃N₇O, 459.6; m/z found, 460.3. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): 7.84-7.72 (m, 2H), 7.67 (s, 1H), 7.51-7.32 (m, 2H), 6.32-6.25 (m, 1H), 3.92-3.31 (m, 7H), 3.16-2.70 (m, 5H), 2.31 (d, J=4.7 Hz, 3H), 1.28-1.14 (m, 12H).

Example 301 2-(4-tert-Butyl-6-methylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-{[2-fluoro-6-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Intermediate 55 substituting Intermediate 58 for 2,4-dichloro-5-fluoropyrimidine and 1.0 M tBuMgBr in THF for 3.0 M MeMgBr in Et₂O. MS (ESI) mass calculated for C₂₄H₂₈FN₇O, 449.54; m/z found, 450.3. ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃): 7.93-7.72 (m, 3H), 7.54-7.45 (m, 1H), 7.20-7.11 (m, 1H), 6.66-6.59 (m, 1H), 4.23-3.60 (m, 7H), 3.38-3.06 (m, 3H), 2.67-2.43 (m, 3H), 1.29 (s, 9H).

Example 302 2-(4-Cyclopropyl-6-methylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-{[2-fluoro-6-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Intermediate 55 substituting Intermediate 58 for 2,4-dichloro-5-fluoropyrimidine and 0.5 M cyclopropylmagnesium bromide in THF for 3.0 M MeMgBr in Et₂O. MS (ESI) mass calculated for C₂₃H₂₄FNO, 433.49; m/z found, 434.2. ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃): 7.87-7.80 (m, 2H), 7.71 (s, 1H), 7.51-7.43 (m, 1H), 7.18-7.11 (m, 1H), 6.31-6.26 (m, 1H), 3.99-3.79 (m, 2H), 3.79-3.72 (m, 1H), 3.69-3.45 (m, 4H), 3.27-3.20 (m, 1H), 3.10-2.91 (m, 2H), 2.29 (s, 3H), 1.82-1.74 (m, 1H), 1.10-1.00 (m, 2H), 0.95-0.88 (m, 2H).

Example 303 2-{[2-Fluoro-6-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}-5-(4-methyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

Step A: tert-Butyl 5-(4-chloro-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole-2(1H)-carboxylate. To a solution of 2,4-dichloro-1,3,5-triazine (150 mg, 0.953 mmol) in ACN (5 mL) was added a solution of Intermediate 15 (202 mg, 0.953 mmol) and DIPEA (0.33 mL, 1.91 mmol) in ACN (5 mL) at 0° C. dropwise. After 10 min the mixture was diluted with saturated aqueous NH₄Cl solution. The aqueous layer was then extracted with DCM and the combined organic extracts were dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. Chromatography (Hexanes to 80% EtOAc/Hexanes) afforded the desired product as a white solid (137 mg, 44%). MS (ESI) mass calculated for C₁₄H₂₀ClN₅O₂, 325.13; m/z found, 326.1.

Step B: tert-Butyl 5-(4-methyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole-2(1H)-carboxylate. tert-Butyl 5-(4-methyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole-2(1H)-carboxylate was prepared in a manner analogous to Intermediate 55 substituting the product of Step A for 2,4-dichloro-5-fluoropyrimidine. MS (ESI) mass calculated for C₁₅H₂₃N₅O₂, 305.18; m/z found, 306.0.

Step C: 2-(4-Methyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole. tert-Butyl 5-(4-methyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole-2(1H)-carboxylate (43 mg, 0.142 mmol), DCM (1.4 mL) and TFA (0.71 mL) were stirred at room temperature for 2 h. The mixture was concentrated in vacuo and taken on to the next step without further purification.

Step D: 2-{[2-Fluoro-6-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}-5-(4-methyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole. Example 303 was prepared in a manner analogous to Intermediate 59 substituting the product of Step C for Intermediate 15 and Intermediate 12 for 2-(4H-[1,2,4]triazol-3-yl)-benzoic acid. MS (ESI) mass calculated for C₁₉H₁₉FN₈O, 394.41; m/z found, 395.0. ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃): 8.51-8.42 (m, 1H), 7.89-7.81 (m, 2H), 7.75 (d, J=3.5 Hz, 1H), 7.54-7.45 (m, 1H), 7.20-7.11 (m, 1H), 4.02-3.51 (m, 8H), 3.32-3.23 (m, 1H), 3.17-3.00 (m, 2H), 2.50-2.40 (m, 3H).

Example 304 2-{[2-Fluoro-6-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}-5-(4-methyl-6-morpholin-4-ylpyrimidin-2-yl)octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

A mixture of Intermediate 58 (137 mg, 0.254 mmol) and morpholine (1.3 mL) was stirred 14 h at room temperature. The mixture was concentrated in vacuo. Chromatography (DCM to 8% 2 M NH₃ in MeOH/DCM) afforded the desired product as a pale yellow foam (95 mg, 78%). MS (ESI) mass calculated for C₂₄H₂₇FN₈O₂, 478.53; m/z found, 479.3. ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃): 7.86-7.78 (m, 2H), 7.72 (s, 1H), 7.51-7.44 (m, 1H), 7.18-7.10 (m, 1H), 5.77-5.72 (m, 1H), 3.99-3.47 (m, 13H), 3.28-3.21 (m, 1H), 3.09-2.91 (m, 2H), 2.90-2.86 (m, 2H), 2.25 (s, 3H).

Example 305 2-{[2-(4H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}-5-(4,5,6-trimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

Step A: (2-(4H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-yl)phenyl)(hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl)methanone. (2-(4H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-yl)phenyl)(hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl)methanone was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 303, substituting Intermediate 59 for the product of Example 303 in Step C. MS (ESI) mass calculated for C₁₅H₁₇NO, 283.14; m/z found, 284.2.

Step B: 2-{[2-(4H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}-5-(4,5,6-trimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole. The product of Step A (167 mg, 0.421 mmol), Intermediate 56 (66 mg, 0.421 mmol) and DIPEA (0.29 mL, 1.68 mmol) were heated for 2 h at 200° C. in ACN (1.4 mL) in the microwave. The mixture was concentrated in vacuo. The crude product was purified using Agilent HPLC (basic system) to yield impure material. This material was subsequently purified using normal phase chromatography (DCM to 8% 2M NH₃ in MeOH/DCM) to afford the title compound (49 mg, 29%). MS (ESI) mass calculated for C₂₂H₂₅N₇O, 403.49; m/z found, 404.2. ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃): 8.16 (d, J=7.8 Hz, 1H), 8.06 (s, 1H), 7.54-7.49 (m, 1H), 7.48-7.44 (m, 1H), 7.35 (d, J=7.5 Hz, 1H), 3.96-3.89 (m, 1H), 3.85-3.77 (m, 1H), 3.74-3.68 (m, 1H), 3.68-3.55 (m, 2H), 3.42 (br s, 2H), 3.16 (br s, 1H), 3.04-2.96 (m, 1H), 2.89 (br s, 1H), 2.32 (s, 6H), 2.05 (s, 3H).

Example 306 2-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-{[2-(3-methyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Intermediate 59 substituting Intermediate 23 for Intermediate 15 and 2-(3-methyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)benzoic acid for 2-(4H-[1,2,4]triazol-3-yl)-benzoic acid. MS (ESI) mass calculated for C₂₂H₂₄N₆O₂, 404.48; m/z found, 405.2. ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃): 8.10 (dd, J=7.9 Hz, 0.9 Hz, 1H), 7.62 (td, J=7.6 Hz, 1.2 Hz, 1H), 7.53 (td, J=7.7 Hz, 1.3 Hz, 1H), 7.42 (dd, J=7.6 Hz, 1.0 Hz, 1H), 6.28 (s, 1H), 3.99-3.88 (m, 2H), 3.80-3.75 (m, 1H), 3.74-3.65 (m, 2H), 3.53-3.48 (m, 1H), 3.46-3.40 (m, 1H), 3.12-3.04 (m, 2H), 3.01-2.93 (m, 1H), 2.42 (s, 3H), 2.28 (s, 6H).

Example 307 2-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-{[2-(1-methyl-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

Step A: (Hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl)(2-(1-methyl-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-yl)phenyl)methanone. Intermediate 60 (100 mg, 0.252 mmol), DCM (2.5 mL), TFA (0.5 mL) were stirred at room temperature for 2 h and then concentrated in vacuo. The residue was dissolved in DCM and treated with Dowex 550 A resin. After stirring for 2 h the resin was removed by filtration and the filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to a colorless oil which was taken on to the next step without further purification. MS (ESI) mass calculated for C₁₆H₁₉N₅O, 297.16; m/z found, 298.0.

Step B: 2-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-{[2-(1-methyl-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole. Example 307 was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 290 substituting the product of Step A for Intermediate 20 and 2-chloro-4,6-dimethylpyrimidine for Intermediate 55. MS (ESI) mass calculated for C₂₂H₂₅N₇O, 403.21; m/z found, 404.2. ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃): 7.83 (s, 1H), 7.58-7.49 (m, 2H), 7.47-7.42 (m, 2H), 6.28 (s, 1H), 3.85-3.80 (m, 4H), 3.75-3.69 (m, 2H), 3.55-3.45 (m, 4H), 3.24-3.19 (m, 1H), 2.99-2.88 (m, 2H), 2.29 (s, 6H).

Example 308 2-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-{[2-(1-methyl-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 307 substituting Intermediate 61 for Intermediate 60 in Step A. MS (ESI) mass calculated for C₂₂H₂₅N₇O, 403.21; m/z found, 404.2. ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃): 8.12-8.06 (m, 1H), 7.93 (s, 1H), 7.49-7.38 (m, 2H), 7.37-7.29 (m, 1H), 6.27 (s, 1H), 3.95-3.83 (m, 5H), 3.78-3.60 (m, 3H), 3.47-3.38 (m, 2H), 3.08-2.98 (m, 2H), 2.95-2.86 (m, 1H), 2.29 (s, 6H).

Example 309 2-{[2-(3-Methyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}-5-(4,5,6-trimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 307 substituting Intermediate 62 for Intermediate 60 in Step A, and Intermediate 56 for 2-chloro-4,6-dimethylpyrimidine in Step B. MS (ESI) mass calculated for C₂₃H₂₆N₆O₂, 418.21; m/z found, 419.3. ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃): 8.09 (dd, J=7.9 Hz, 0.9 Hz, 1H), 7.60 (td, J=7.6 Hz, 1.2 Hz, 1H), 7.52 (td, J=7.7 Hz, 1.3 Hz, 1H), 7.41 (dd, J=7.6 Hz, 1.0 Hz, 1H), 3.98-3.93 (m, 1H), 3.90-3.84 (m, 1H), 3.79-3.73 (m, 1H), 3.70-3.61 (m, 2H), 3.50-3.44 (m, 1H), 3.44-3.38 (m, 1H), 3.10-3.02 (m, 2H), 2.98-2.91 (m, 1H), 2.42 (s, 3H), 2.30 (s, 6H), 2.06 (s, 3H).

Example 310 2-(5-Fluoro-4-methylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-{[2-(3-methyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 307 substituting Intermediate 62 for Intermediate 60 in Step A, and Intermediate 55 for 2-chloro-4,6-dimethylpyrimidine in Step B. MS (ESI) mass calculated for C₂₁H₂₁FN₆O₂, 408.17; m/z found, 409.2. ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃): 8.10 (dd, J=7.9 Hz, 0.9 Hz, 1H), 8.04 (d, J=1.8 Hz, 1H), 7.61 (td, J=7.6 Hz, 1.3 Hz, 1H), 7.53 (td, J=7.7 Hz, 1.3 Hz, 1H), 7.42 (dd, J=7.6 Hz, 1.0 Hz, 1H), 4.00-3.94 (m, 1H), 3.90-3.83 (m, 1H), 3.79-3.74 (m, 1H), 3.71-3.60 (m, 2H), 3.47-3.41 (m, 2H), 3.13-3.06 (m, 2H), 3.02-2.94 (m, 1H), 2.41 (s, 3H), 2.35 (d, J=2.5 Hz, 3H).

Example 311 2-{[2-(1-Methyl-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}-5-(4,5,6-trimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 307 substituting Intermediate 61 for Intermediate 60 in Step A, and Intermediate 56 for 2-chloro-4,6-dimethylpyrimidine in Step B. MS (ESI) mass calculated for C₂₃H₂₇N₇O, 417.23; m/z found, 418.2. ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃): 8.11-8.04 (m, 1H), 7.93 (s, 1H), 7.47-7.38 (m, 2H), 7.34-7.30 (m, 1H), 3.94-3.79 (m, 5H), 3.75-3.69 (m, 1H), 3.66-3.56 (m, 2H), 3.43-3.36 (m, 2H), 3.07-2.97 (m, 2H), 2.92-2.85 (m, 1H), 2.32 (s, 6H), 2.06 (s, 3H).

Example 312 2-(5-Fluoro-4-methylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-{[2-(1-methyl-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 307 substituting Intermediate 61 for Intermediate 60 in Step A, and Intermediate 55 for 2-chloro-4,6-dimethylpyrimidine in Step B. MS (ESI) mass calculated for C₂₁H₂₂FN₇O, 407.19; m/z found, 408.2. ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃): 8.09 (dd, J=7.5 Hz, 1.5 Hz, 1H), 8.04 (d, J=1.7 Hz, 1H), 7.94 (s, 1H), 7.47-7.39 (m, 2H), 7.34-7.30 (m, 1H), 3.97-3.85 (m, 4H), 3.85-3.78 (m, 1H), 3.76-3.70 (m, 1H), 3.66-3.55 (m, 2H), 3.45-3.36 (m, 2H), 3.09-3.00 (m, 2H), 2.97-2.88 (m, 1H), 2.35 (d, J=2.5 Hz, 3H).

Example 313 2-[5-{[2-Fluoro-6-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl]-4-methyl-6,7-dihydro-5H-cyclopenta[d]pyrimidine

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 290 substituting Intermediate 16 for Intermediate 20 and 2-chloro-4-methyl-6,7-dihydro-5H-cyclopenta[d]pyrimidine for Intermediate 55. MS (ESI) mass calculated for C₂₃H₂₄FN₇O, 433.20; m/z found, 434.2. ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃): 7.87-7.78 (m, 2H), 7.72 (s, 1H), 7.49-7.42 (m, 1H), 7.17-7.09 (m, 1H), 4.01-3.84 (m, 2H), 3.82-3.49 (m, 5H), 3.29-3.22 (m, 1H), 3.13-2.93 (m, 2H), 2.86-2.79 (m, 2H), 2.78-2.72 (m, 2H), 2.28 (s, 3H), 2.09-2.00 (m, 2H).

Example 314 2-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-{[3-fluoro-2-(3-methyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Intermediate 59 substituting Intermediate 23 for Intermediate 15 and Intermediate 63 for 2-(4H-[1,2,4]triazol-3-yl)-benzoic acid. MS (ESI) mass calculated for C₂₂H₂₃FN₆O₂, 422.19; m/z found, 423.2. ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃): 7.62-7.56 (m, 1H), 7.31-7.26 (m, 1H), 7.24-7.20 (m, 1H), 6.29 (s, 1H), 3.93-3.86 (m, 2H), 3.77-3.62 (m, 3H), 3.57-3.47 (m, 2H), 3.21-3.16 (m, 1H), 3.10-2.96 (m, 2H), 2.43 (s, 3H), 2.28 (s, 6H).

Example 315 2-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-{[2-fluoro-6-(3-methyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Intermediate 59 substituting Intermediate 23 for Intermediate 15 and Intermediate 64 for 2-(4H-[1,2,4]triazol-3-yl)-benzoic acid. MS (ESI) mass calculated for C₂₂H₂₃FN₆O₂, 422.19; m/z found, 423.2. ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃): 7.96-7.86 (m, 1H), 7.55-7.47 (m, 1H), 7.38-7.29 (m, 1H), 6.32-6.23 (m, 1H), 3.99-3.46 (m, 7H), 3.27-2.95 (m, 3H), 2.49-2.37 (m, 3H), 2.36-2.21 (m, 6H).

Example 316 2-(5-Chloro-4-methylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-{[2-fluoro-6-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 290 substituting Intermediate 16 for Intermediate 20 and Intermediate 65 for Intermediate 55. MS (ESI) mass calculated for C₂₀H₁₉ClFN₇O, 427.13; m/z found, 428.1. ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃): 8.13 (d, J=1.3 Hz, 1H), 7.87-7.79 (m, 2H), 7.71 (s, 1H), 7.51-7.43 (m, 1H), 7.17-7.11 (m, 1H), 4.00-3.54 (m, 7H), 3.28-3.23 (m, 1H), 3.14-2.97 (m, 2H), 2.43 (s, 3H).

Example 317 2-(5-Chloro-4,6-dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-{[2-fluoro-6-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 290 substituting Intermediate 16 for Intermediate 20 and Intermediate 66 for Intermediate 55. MS (ESI) mass calculated for C₂₁H₂₁ClFN₇O, 441.15; m/z found, 442.1. ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃): 7.87-7.79 (m, 2H), 7.71 (s, 1H), 7.50-7.44 (m, 1H), 7.17-7.11 (m, 1H), 4.00-3.73 (m, 3H), 3.70-3.46 (m, 4H), 3.27-3.22 (m, 1H), 3.12-2.94 (m, 2H), 2.42 (s, 6H).

Example 318 2-(5-Chloro-4,6-dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-{[2-(3-methyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 307 substituting Intermediate 62 for Intermediate 60 in Step A, and Intermediate 66 for 2-chloro-4,6-dimethylpyrimidine in Step B. MS (ESI) mass calculated for C₂₂H₂₃ClN₆O₂, 438.16; m/z found, 439.2. ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃): 8.11 (dd, J=7.6 Hz, 1.2 Hz, 1H), 7.62 (td, J=7.6 Hz, 1.2 Hz, 1H), 7.54 (td, J=7.6 Hz, 1.2 Hz, 1H), 7.42 (dd, J=7.6 Hz, 1.2 Hz, 1H), 3.99-3.92 (m, 1H), 3.90-3.84 (m, 1H), 3.80-3.74 (m, 1H), 3.70-3.61 (m, 2H), 3.50-3.41 (m, 2H), 3.12-3.04 (m, 2H), 3.02-2.94 (m, 1H), 2.46-2.36 (m, 9H).

Example 319 4-Methyl-2-[5-{[2-(3-methyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl]-6,7-dihydro-5H-cyclopenta[d]pyrimidine

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 307 substituting Intermediate 62 for Intermediate 60 in Step A, and 2-chloro-4-methyl-6,7-dihydro-5H-cyclopenta[d]pyrimidine for 2-chloro-4,6-dimethylpyrimidine in Step B. MS (ESI) mass calculated for C₂₄H₂₆N₆O₂, 430.21; m/z found, 431.2. ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃): 8.10 (dd, J=7.9 Hz, 0.9 Hz, 1H), 7.61 (td, J=7.6 Hz, 1.3 Hz, 1H), 7.53 (td, J=7.6 Hz, 1.3 Hz, 1H), 7.42 (dd, J=7.6 Hz, 1.0 Hz, 1H), 3.99-3.87 (m, 2H), 3.80-3.74 (m, 1H), 3.73-3.65 (m, 2H), 3.52-3.47 (m, 1H), 3.45-3.39 (m, 1H), 3.11-3.05 (m, 2H), 3.01-2.93 (m, 1H), 2.83-2.72 (m, 4H), 2.43 (s, 3H), 2.26 (s, 3H), 2.08-2.00 (m, 2H).

Example 320 2-(5-Chloro-4,6-dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-{[2-(1-methyl-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 307 substituting Intermediate 61 for Intermediate 60 in Step A, and Intermediate 66 for 2-chloro-4,6-dimethylpyrimidine in Step B. MS (ESI) mass calculated for C₂₂H₂₄ClN₇O, 437.17; m/z found, 438.2. ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃): 8.12-8.06 (m, 1H), 7.95 (s, 1H), 7.47-7.40 (m, 2H), 7.34-7.31 (m, 1H), 3.96-3.85 (m, 4H), 3.85-3.78 (m, 1H), 3.77-3.70 (m, 1H), 3.65-3.57 (m, 2H), 3.45-3.38 (m, 2H), 3.08-3.00 (m, 2H), 2.95-2.87 (m, 1H), 2.41 (s, 6H).

Example 321 2-(5-Chloro-4-methylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-{[2-(1-methyl-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 307 substituting Intermediate 61 for Intermediate 60 in Step A, and Intermediate 65 for 2-chloro-4,6-dimethylpyrimidine in Step B. MS (ESI) mass calculated for C₂₁H₂₂ClN₇O, 423.16; m/z found, 424.2. ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃): 8.15-8.06 (m, 2H), 7.96 (s, 1H), 7.48-7.40 (m, 2H), 7.36-7.30 (m, 1H), 3.96-3.80 (m, 5H), 3.79-3.70 (m, 1H), 3.67-3.55 (m, 2H), 3.47-3.37 (m, 2H), 3.10-3.01 (m, 2H), 2.99-2.90 (m, 1H), 2.41 (s, 3H).

Example 322 2-(5-Ethyl-4,6-dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-{[2-(1-methyl-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 307 substituting Intermediate 61 for Intermediate 60 in Step A, and Intermediate 67 for 2-chloro-4,6-dimethylpyrimidine in Step B. MS (ESI) mass calculated for C₂₄H₂₉N₇O, 431.24; m/z found, 432.2. ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃): 8.11-8.05 (m, 1H), 7.95 (s, 1H), 7.48-7.39 (m, 2H), 7.35-7.30 (m, 1H), 3.96-3.79 (m, 5H), 3.77-3.70 (m, 1H), 3.66-3.55 (m, 2H), 3.43-3.35 (m, 2H), 3.08-2.97 (m, 2H), 2.94-2.86 (m, 1H), 2.52 (q, J=7.5 Hz, 2H), 2.34 (s, 6H), 1.08 (t, J=7.5 Hz, 3H).

Example 323 2-{[3-(2H-1,2,3-Triazol-2-yl)pyridin-2-yl]carbonyl}-5-(4,5,6-trimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 290 substituting Intermediate 68 for Intermediate 20 and Intermediate 56 for Intermediate 55. MS (ESI) mass calculated for C₂₁H₂₄N₈O, 404.21; m/z found, 405.2. ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃): 8.62 (dd, J=4.7 Hz, 1.4 Hz, 1H), 8.33 (dd, J=8.3 Hz, 1.4 Hz, 1H), 7.79 (s, 2H), 7.48 (dd, J=8.3 Hz, 4.7 Hz, 1H), 3.96-3.84 (m, 2H), 3.78-3.63 (m, 4H), 3.60-3.54 (m, 1H), 3.29-3.23 (m, 1H), 3.12-2.98 (m, 2H), 2.33 (s, 6H), 2.07 (s, 3H).

Example 324 2-(5-Chloro-4,6-dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-{[3-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)pyridin-2-yl]carbonyl}octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 290 substituting Intermediate 68 for Intermediate 20 and Intermediate 66 for Intermediate 55. MS (ESI) mass calculated for C₂₀H₂₁ClN₈O, 424.15; m/z found, 425.1. ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃): 8.62 (dd, J=4.7 Hz, 1.4 Hz, 1H), 8.33 (dd, J=8.3 Hz, 1.4 Hz, 1H), 7.81 (s, 2H), 7.48 (dd, J=8.3 Hz, 4.7 Hz, 1H), 3.95-3.89 (m, 1H), 3.89-3.83 (m, 1H), 3.79-3.74 (m, 1H), 3.73-3.64 (m, 3H), 3.60-3.53 (m, 1H), 3.28-3.23 (m, 1H), 3.13-2.98 (m, 2H), 2.42 (s, 6H).

Example 325 2-(5-Fluoro-4,6-dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-{[3-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)pyridin-2-yl]carbonyl}octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 290 substituting Intermediate 68 for Intermediate 20 and Intermediate 69 for Intermediate 55. MS (ESI) mass calculated for C₂₀H₂₁FN₈O, 408.18; m/z found, 409.1. ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃): 8.62 (dd, J=4.7 Hz, 1.4 Hz, 1H), 8.34 (dd, J=8.3 Hz, 1.4 Hz, 1H), 7.79 (s, 2H), 7.48 (dd, J=8.3 Hz, 4.7 Hz, 1H), 3.97-3.89 (m, 1H), 3.88-3.82 (m, 1H), 3.78-3.73 (m, 1H), 3.72-3.62 (m, 3H), 3.57-3.51 (m, 1H), 3.29-3.23 (m, 1H), 3.12-2.99 (m, 2H), 2.33 (d, J=2.6 Hz, 6H).

Example 326 2-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-(9H-fluoren-4-ylcarbonyl)octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15 substituting 9H-fluorene-4-carboxylic acid for 3-fluoro-2-[1,2,3]triazol-2-yl-benzoic acid. MS (ESI) mass calculated for C₂₀H₂₁FN₈O, 410.52; m/z found, 411.2. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): 7.68-7.61 (m, 1H), 7.58-7.51 (m, 2H), 7.35-7.23 (m, 4H), 6.28 (s, 1H), 4.13 (dd, J=12.8, 7.9 Hz, 1H), 3.94-3.87 (m, 3H), 3.80 (dd, J=12.8, 5.0 Hz, 1H), 3.73-3.64 (m, 2H), 3.46 (s, 2H), 3.11 (dtd, J=12.5, 7.5, 4.9 Hz, 2H), 2.97-2.86 (m, 1H), 2.28 (s, 6H).

Example 327 [5-(4,6-Dimethyl-pyrimidin-2-yl)-hexahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2-yl]-(5-[1,2,3]triazol-2-yl-benzo[1,3]dioxol-4-yl)methanone

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 275 substituting 5-[1,2,3]triazol-2-yl-benzo[1,3]dioxole-4-carboxylic acid (Intermediate 76) for 6-methyl-2-[1,2,3]triazol-2-yl-nicotinic acid. MS (ESI) mass calcd. for C₂₂H₂₃N₇O₃, 433.47; m/z found 434.3 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): 7.75 (s, 1H), 7.64 (s, 1H), 7.42 (t, J=8.7 Hz, 1H), 6.89 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 1H), 6.29 (d, J=3.4 Hz, 1H), 6.13-5.99 (m, 2H), 3.95-3.75 (m, 3H), 3.74-3.50 (m, 5H), 3.26 (ddd, J=43.0, 10.7, 5.1 Hz, 1H), 3.09-2.92 (m, 2H), 2.30 (s, 6H).

Example 328 [5-(4,6-Dimethyl-pyrimidin-2-yl)-hexahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2-yl]-(8-[1,2,3]triazol-2-yl-naphthalen-1-yl)-methanone

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 275 substituting 8-[1,2,3]triazol-2-yl-naphthalene-1-carboxylic acid (Intermediate 75) for 6-methyl-2-[1,2,3]triazol-2-yl-nicotinic acid. MS (ESI) mass calcd. for C₂H₂₅N₇O, 439.41; m/z found 440.3 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) 8.00 (m, J=11.0, 7.1, 2.7 Hz, 2H), 7.80 (m, J=51.6 Hz, 2H), 7.69-7.49 (m, 4H), 6.31 (m, J=12.7 Hz, 1H), 3.91 (m, J=11.6, 7.7 Hz, 1H), 3.85-3.62 (m, 4H), 3.57-3.47 (m, 2H), 3.38-3.28 (m, 1H), 3.18 (m, J=10.9, 5.9 Hz, 1H), 3.06-2.93 (m, 2H), 2.30 (m, J=8.3 Hz, 6H).

Example 329 [5-(4,6-Dimethyl-pyrimidin-2-yl)-hexahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2-yl]-(4-[1,2,3]triazol-1-yl-pyridin-3-yl)-methanone

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 275 substituting 4-(1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)nicotinic acid (Intermediate 81) for 6-methyl-2-[1,2,3]triazol-2-yl-nicotinic acid. MS (ESI) mass calcd. for C₂₀H₂₂N₈O, 390.40; m/z found 391.4 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): 8.83 (d, J=5.4 Hz, 1H), 8.75 (s, 1H), 8.10 (d, J=1.0 Hz, 1H), 7.82 (d, J=0.9 Hz, 1H), 7.69 (d, J=5.4 Hz, 1H), 6.31 (s, 1H), 3.86 (ddd, J=16.6, 12.3, 7.7 Hz, 2H), 3.75-3.67 (m, 1H), 3.56 (ddd, J=16.5, 12.3, 4.8 Hz, 2H), 3.35 (dt, J=14.9, 7.7 Hz, 2H), 3.04-2.86 (m, 3H), 2.30 (s, 6H).

Example 330 (5-tert-Butyl-2-methoxy-phenyl)-[5-(4,6-dimethyl-pyrimidin-2-yl)-hexahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2-yl]-methanone

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 275 substituting 5-tert-butyl-2-methoxybenzoic acid for 6-methyl-2-[1,2,3]triazol-2-yl-nicotinic acid. MS (ESI) mass calcd. for C₂₄H₃₂N₄O₂, 408.54; m/z found 409.3 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): 7.34 (dd, J=8.7, 2.5 Hz, 1H), 7.27-7.24 (m, 1H), 6.82 (d, J=8.7 Hz, 1H), 6.29 (s, 1H), 3.96 (dd, J=12.7, 7.9 Hz, 1H), 3.87 (dd, J=11.6, 7.4 Hz, 1H), 3.80-3.73 (m, 4H), 3.67-3.60 (m, 2H), 3.57-3.45 (m, 2H), 3.21 (dd, J=11.0, 4.7 Hz, 1H), 3.09-3.00 (m, 1H), 2.99-2.91 (m, 1H), 2.29 (s, 6H), 1.28 (s, 9H).

Example 331 [5-(4,6-Dimethyl-pyrimidin-2-yl)-hexahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2-yl]-(1-[1,2,3]triazol-2-yl-naphthalen-2-yl)-methanone

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 275 substituting 1-[1,2,3]triazol-2-yl-naphthalene-2-carboxylic acid (Intermediate 73) for 6-methyl-2-[1,2,3]triazol-2-yl-nicotinic acid. MS (ESI) mass calcd. for C₂₅H₂₅N₇O, 439.52; m/z found 440.3 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): 8.02 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.95-7.91 (m, 1H), 7.88 (s, 2H), 7.72 (d, J=8.3 Hz, 1H), 7.56 (dddd, J=14.9, 8.2, 6.9, 1.3 Hz, 2H), 7.52-7.48 (m, 1H), 6.30 (s, 1H), 3.83 (dd, J=11.6, 7.5 Hz, 1H), 3.72 (ddd, J=14.6, 12.2, 7.1 Hz, 2H), 3.56-3.45 (m, 4H), 3.19 (dd, J=11.0, 5.4 Hz, 1H), 3.00-2.87 (m, 3H), 2.31 (s, 6H).

Example 332 [5-(4,6-Dimethyl-pyrimidin-2-yl)-hexahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2-yl]-(3-[1,2,3]triazol-2-yl-pyridin-2-yl)-methanone

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 275 substituting 3-[1,2,3]triazol-2-yl-pyridine-2-carboxylic acid (Intermediate 72) for 6-methyl-2-[1,2,3]triazol-2-yl-nicotinic acid. Excess amounts of acetic acid from the purification of the acid (in previous steps) still remained and allowed the acetamide to be formed in significant quantities as a byproduct, which was isolated in addition to the title compound. MS (ESI) mass calcd. for C₂₀H₂₂N₈O, 390.44; m/z found 391.3 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): 8.62 (dd, J=4.7, 1.3 Hz, 1H), 8.33 (dd, J=8.3, 1.3 Hz, 1H), 7.79 (s, 2H), 7.48 (dd, J=8.3, 4.7 Hz, 1H), 6.28 (s, 1H), 3.92 (td, J=12.5, 7.4 Hz, 2H), 3.80-3.57 (m, 5H), 3.26 (dd, J=10.8, 5.3 Hz, 1H), 3.12-2.98 (m, 2H), 2.30 (s, 6H).

Example 333 (2-Bromo-4,5-dimethoxy-phenyl)-[5-(4,6-dimethyl-pyrimidin-2-yl)-hexahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2-yl]-methanone

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 275 substituting 5-acetamido-2-bromobenzoic acid for 6-methyl-2-[1,2,3]triazol-2-yl-nicotinic acid. MS (ESI) mass calcd. for C₂₁H₂₅BrN₄O₃, 461.35; m/z found 463.3 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): 6.98 (s, 1H), 6.77 (s, 1H), 6.30 (s, 1H), 3.98-3.89 (m, 2H), 3.86 (d, J=9.2 Hz, 6H), 3.79 (dd, J=11.6, 7.2 Hz, 1H), 3.67-3.59 (m, 2H), 3.53 (dd, J=11.5, 4.4 Hz, 2H), 3.22 (s, 1H), 3.12-2.96 (m, 2H), 2.29 (s, 6H).

Example 334 (3,4-Dihydro-2H-benzo[b][1,4]dioxepin-6-yl)-[5-(4,6-dimethyl-pyrimidin-2-yl)-hexahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2-yl]-methanone

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 275 substituting 3,4-dihydro-2H-1,5-benzodioxepine-6-carboxylic acid for 6-methyl-2-[1,2,3]triazol-2-yl-nicotinic acid. MS (ESI) mass calcd. for C₂₂H₂₆N₄O₃, 394.47; m/z found 395.3 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): 6.99 (dd, J=7.9, 1.9 Hz, 1H), 6.93 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 6.88 (dd, J=7.4, 1.9 Hz, 1H), 6.29 (s, 1H), 4.20 (s, 2H), 3.90 (ddd, J=19.1, 12.1, 7.6 Hz, 2H), 3.81-3.73 (m, 1H), 3.68-3.58 (m, 2H), 3.57-3.45 (m, 2H), 3.23 (dd, J=10.9, 4.7 Hz, 1H), 3.09-2.90 (m, 2H), 2.29 (s, 6H), 2.14 (d, J=5.9 Hz, 2H).

Example 335 (5-(4,6-dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl)(4-fluoro-2-(6-methylpyridin-2-yl)phenyl)methanone

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 248, substituting 6-methyl-2-(tributylstannyl)pyridine for 5-methyl-2-(tributylstannyl)pyridine. MS (ESI) mass calcd. for C₂₅H₂₆FN₅O, 431.21. found 432.2 [M+H]⁺.

Example 336 [5-(4,6-Dimethyl-pyrimidin-2-yl)-hexahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2-yl]-(6-methyl-2-[1,2,3]triazol-1-yl-pyridin-3-yl)-methanone

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 275 substituting 6-methyl-2-[1,2,3]triazol-1-yl-nicotinic acid (Intermediate 71) for 6-methyl-2-[1,2,3]triazol-2-yl-nicotinic acid. MS (ESI) mass calcd. for C₂₁H₂₄N₈O, 404.47; m/z found 405.3 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): 8.45 (d, J=0.7 Hz, 1H), 7.78 (s, 1H), 7.71 (d, J=7.7 Hz, 1H), 7.26 (t, J=3.9 Hz, 1H), 6.29 (s, 1H), 4.01 (dd, J=12.6, 7.7 Hz, 1H), 3.91 (dd, J=11.6, 7.7 Hz, 1H), 3.76 (dd, J=11.6, 7.2 Hz, 1H), 3.65-3.58 (m, 2H), 3.51 (ddd, J=16.0, 11.1, 5.9 Hz, 2H), 3.15 (dt, J=10.1, 5.1 Hz, 1H), 3.12-2.95 (m, 2H), 2.61 (s, 3H), 2.30 (s, 6H).

Example 337 (1-Bromo-naphthalen-2-yl)-[5-(4,6-dimethyl-pyrimidin-2-yl)-hexahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2-yl]-methanone

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 275 substituting 5-acetamido-2-bromobenzoic acid for 6-methyl-2-[1,2,3]triazol-2-yl-nicotinic acid. MS (ESI) mass calcd. for C₂₃H₂₃BrN₄O, 451.36; m/z found 451.3 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): 8.29 (d, J=7.1 Hz, 1H), 7.85 (t, J=7.5 Hz, 2H), 7.64 (t, J=7.4 Hz, 1H), 7.60-7.54 (m, 1H), 7.33 (s, 1H), 6.30 (s, 1H), 4.03 (s, 1H), 3.91 (s, 1H), 3.77 (dt, J=14.9, 7.4 Hz, 2H), 3.66 (dd, J=11.6, 5.0 Hz, 1H), 3.51 (d, J=52.5 Hz, 2H), 3.18 (d, J=65.6 Hz, 2H), 2.98 (d, J=21.2 Hz, 1H), 2.30 (s, 6H).

Example 338 [5-(4,6-Dimethyl-pyrimidin-2-yl)-hexahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2-yl]-(3-methoxy-naphthalen-2-yl)-methanone

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 275 substituting 3-methoxy-2-naphthoic acid for 6-methyl-2-[1,2,3]triazol-2-yl-nicotinic acid. MS (ESI) mass calcd. for C₂₄H₂₆N₄O₂, 402.49; m/z found 403.3 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): 7.78-7.70 (m, 3H), 7.49-7.43 (m, 1H), 7.39-7.32 (m, 1H), 7.15 (s, 1H), 6.29 (s, 1H), 3.99 (dd, J=12.7, 7.9 Hz, 1H), 3.93-3.85 (m, 4H), 3.79-3.62 (m, 3H), 3.56-3.45 (m, 2H), 3.21 (dd, J=11.1, 4.9 Hz, 1H), 3.11-3.02 (m, 1H), 2.99-2.90 (m, 1H), 2.30 (s, 6H).

Example 339 [5-(4,6-Dimethyl-pyrimidin-2-yl)-hexahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2-yl]-(8-[1,2,3]triazol-2-yl-naphthalen-1-yl)-methanone

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 275 substituting 1-[1,2,3]triazol-1-yl-naphthalene-2-carboxylic acid (Intermediate 74) for 6-methyl-2-[1,2,3]triazol-2-yl-nicotinic acid. MS (ESI) mass calcd. for C₂₅H₂₅N₇O, 439.52; m/z found 440.3 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): 8.08 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 8.01 (d, J=0.8 Hz, 1H), 7.97 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.92 (d, J=0.8 Hz, 1H), 7.65-7.59 (m, 1H), 7.56 (ddd, J=8.1, 7.0, 1.2 Hz, 1H), 7.51-7.47 (m, 1H), 7.36 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 6.29 (s, 1H), 3.82 (dd, J=11.6, 7.3 Hz, 1H), 3.76-3.63 (m, 2H), 3.56 (dd, J=11.2, 7.1 Hz, 1H), 3.49 (dd, J=11.5, 3.8 Hz, 1H), 3.45-3.36 (m, 2H), 3.14 (dd, J=11.2, 4.9 Hz, 1H), 2.96-2.84 (m, 2H), 2.29 (s, 6H).

Example 340 [5-(4,6-Dimethyl-pyrimidin-2-yl)-hexahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2-yl]-(1-methoxy-naphthalen-2-yl)-methanone

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 275 substituting 1-methoxy-2-naphthoic acid for 6-methyl-2-[1,2,3]triazol-2-yl-nicotinic acid. MS (ESI) mass calcd. for C₂₄H₂₆N₄O₂, 402.49; m/z found 403.3 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): 8.19-8.12 (m, 1H), 7.84 (dt, J=6.2, 2.6 Hz, 1H), 7.62 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.56-7.49 (m, 2H), 7.36 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 6.30 (s, 1H), 4.07-3.97 (m, 4H), 3.91 (dd, J=11.5, 7.5 Hz, 1H), 3.80-3.55 (m, 4H), 3.48 (dd, J=11.5, 4.6 Hz, 1H), 3.33 (s, 1H), 3.13-3.04 (m, 1H), 3.01-2.92 (m, 1H), 2.30 (s, 6H).

Example 341 (4,5-Dimethoxy-2-[1,2,3]triazol-1-yl-phenyl)-[5-(4,6-dimethyl-pyrimidin-2-yl)-hexahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2-yl]-methanone

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 275 substituting 2,3-dimethoxy-6-[1,2,3]triazol-1-yl-benzoic acid (Intermediate 78) for 6-methyl-2-[1,2,3]triazol-2-yl-nicotinic acid. MS (ESI) mass calcd. for C₂₃H₂₇N₇O₃, 449.51; m/z found 450.3 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): 7.93 (s, 1H), 7.77 (s, 1H), 7.17 (s, 1H), 6.92 (s, 1H), 6.29 (s, 1H), 3.95 (d, J=1.6 Hz, 6H), 3.74 (ddd, J=29.3, 15.1, 7.9 Hz, 3H), 3.46 (d, J=8.6 Hz, 2H), 3.28 (d, J=7.5 Hz, 1H), 3.14 (d, J=7.4 Hz, 1H), 2.89 (s, 2H), 2.77 (d, J=6.0 Hz, 1H), 2.29 (s, 6H).

Example 342 (4,5-Dimethoxy-2-[1,2,3]triazol-2-yl-phenyl)-[5-(4,6-dimethyl-pyrimidin-2-yl)-hexahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2-yl]-methanone

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 275 substituting 2,3-dimethoxy-6-[1,2,3]triazol-2-yl-benzoic acid (Intermediate 77) for 6-methyl-2-[1,2,3]triazol-2-yl-nicotinic acid. MS (ESI) mass calcd. for C₂₃H₂₇N₇O₃, 449.51; m/z found 450.3 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): 7.70 (s, 2H), 7.45 (s, 1H), 6.89 (s, 1H), 6.29 (s, 1H), 3.97 (s, 3H), 3.93 (s, 3H), 3.84 (dt, J=11.6, 7.6 Hz, 2H), 3.65 (dd, J=12.5, 4.1 Hz, 2H), 3.55 (dd, J=11.5, 5.2 Hz, 1H), 3.44 (dd, J=11.6, 3.8 Hz, 1H), 3.27 (s, 1H), 3.03-2.93 (m, 1H), 2.85 (d, J=24.5 Hz, 2H), 2.30 (s, 6H).

Example 343 (5-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl)(4-fluoro-2-(4-methylpyridin-2-yl)phenyl)methanone

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 248 substituting 4-methyl-2-(tributylstannyl)pyridine for 5-methyl-2-(tributylstannyl)pyridine. MS (ESI) mass calcd. for C₂₅H₂₆FN₅O, 431.21; m/z found 432.2 [M+H]⁺.

Example 344 (5-(4,6-dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl)(3-propoxypyridin-2-yl)methanone

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15, utilizing Intermediate 23 and 2-propoxynicotinic acid. MS (ESI) mass calcd. C₂₁H₂₇N₅O₂, 381.48; m/z found 382.0 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD): 8.47 (d, J=5.5 Hz, 1H), 8.37 (d, J=8.9 Hz, 1H), 8.06 (dd, J=8.9, 5.5 Hz, 1H), 6.83 (s, 1H), 4.36-4.24 (m, 2H), 4.10-3.97 (m, 3H), 3.81-3.67 (m, 4H), 3.50-3.44 (m, 1H), 3.39-3.33 (m, 1H), 3.30-3.22 (m, 1H), 2.54 (s, 6H), 1.92-1.80 (m, 2H), 1.03 (t, J=7.4 Hz, 3H).

The following prophetic example may be prepared using the procedures described in the previous examples or as otherwise specified herein.

Example 345 (3-Propoxypyridin-2-yl)(5-(5-(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidin-2-yl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl)methanone

MS (ESI) mass calcd. For C₂₀H₂₃F₃N₅O₂, 421.17.

Example 346 (5-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl)(4-fluoro-2-(3-fluoropyridin-2-yl)phenyl)methanone

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 248, substituting 3-fluoro-2-(tributylstannyl)pyridine for 5-methyl-2-(tributylstannyl)pyridine. MS (ESI) mass calcd. for C₂₄H₂₃F₂N₅O, 435.19. found 436.2 [M+H]⁺.

Prophetic examples 347-348 may be prepared using the procedures described in the previous examples or as otherwise specified herein.

Example 347 (3-Propoxypyridin-2-yl)(5-(quinoxalin-2-yl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl)methanone

MS (ESI) mass calcd. For C₂₃H₂₅N₅O₂, 403.20.

Example 348 2-(5-([1,1′-biphenyl]-2-ylsulfonyl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl)quinoxaline

The title prophetic compound may be synthesized using biphenylsulfonylchloride and Intermediate 35 or as otherwise specified herein. MS (ESI) mass calcd. for C₂₆H₂₄N₄O₂S, 456.16.

Example 349 2-[(2,6-Dimethoxyphenyl)carbonyl]-5-[5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15, utilizing 5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole and 2,6-dimethoxybenzoic acid. MS (ESI) mass calcd. C₂₁H₂₂F₃N₃O₃, 421.42; m/z found 422.0 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD): 8.23 (s, 1H), 8.12 (d, J=8.9 Hz, 1H), 7.34 (t, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.27 (d, J=9.2 Hz, 1H), 6.72-6.66 (m, 2H), 4.03-3.48 (m, 14H), 3.28-3.22 (m, 2H).

Example 350 (2,6-Dimethoxyphenyl)(5-(5-(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidin-2-yl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl)methanone

The title prophetic compound may be synthesized in a manner analogous to Example 15 utilizing 5-(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidin-2-yl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole and 2,6-dimethoxybenzoic acid or as otherwise specified herein. MS (ESI) mass calcd. For C₂₀H₂₁F₃N₄O₃, 422.16.

Example 351 (2,6-Dimethoxyphenyl)(5-(4,6-dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl)methanone

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15 utilizing in a manner analogous to Example 15, utilizing Intermediate 23 and 2,6-dimethoxybenzoic acid. MS (ESI) mass calcd. C₂₁H₂₆N₄O₃, 382.47; m/z found 383.1 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD): 7.38 (t, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 6.81 (s, 1H), 6.81-6.70 (m, 2H), 4.04-3.89 (m, 3H), 3.84 (s, 3H), 3.79 (s, 3H), 3.76-3.55 (m, 4H), 3.27-3.13 (m, 3H), 2.53 (s, 6H).

Example 352 (5-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl)(3-methylfuran-2-yl)methanone

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15, substituting 3-methylfuran-2-carboxylic acid for 3-fluoro-2-[1,2,3]triazol-2-yl-benzoic acid. MS (ESI) mass calcd. For C₁₈H₂₂N₄O₂, 326.17. m/z found 327.2 [M+H]⁺.

Example 353 2-[(3-Methylfuran-2-yl)carbonyl]-5-[5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15, utilizing 2-(5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl)octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole and 3-methylfuran-2-carboxylic acid. MS (ESI) mass calcd. C₁₈H₁₈F₃N₃O₂, 365.36. m/z found 366.0 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): 8.39 (s, 1H), 7.62 (d, J=9.1 Hz, 1H), 7.32 (d, J=1.4 Hz, 1H), 6.39 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 1H), 6.32 (d, J=1.4 Hz, 1H), 4.17 (brs, 1H), 3.94 (brs, 1H), 3.81 (brs, 3H), 3.71-3.67 (m, 1H), 3.50 (brs, 2H), 3.11 (brs, 2H), 2.37 (s, 3H).

Example 354 (3-Methylfuran-2-yl)(5-(5-(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidin-2-yl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl)methanone

The title prophetic compound may be prepared analogous to Example 15, utilizing 5-(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidin-2-yl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole and 3-methylfuran-2-carboxylic acid or as otherwise specified herein.

MS (ESI) mass calcd. For C₁₇H₁₇F₃N₄O₂, 366.13.

Example 355 (3-Methylfuran-2-yl)(5-(quinoxalin-2-yl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl)methanone

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15 utilizing Intermediate 35 and 3-methylfuran-2-carboxylic acid. MS (ESI) mass calcd. For C₂₀H₂₀N₄O₂, 348.16; m/z found 349.0 [M+H]⁺.

Example 356 2-([1,1′-Biphenyl]-2-ylsulfonyl)-5-(5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl)octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

The title compound may be prepared using biphenylsulfonylchloride and 5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl)octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole. MS (ESI) mass calcd. For C₂₄H₂₂F₃N₃O₂S, 473.14; m/z found 474.1 [M+H]⁺.

Example 357 2-([1,1′-Biphenyl]-2-ylsulfonyl)-5-(5-(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidin-2-yl)octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

The title prophetic compound may be prepared using biphenylsulfonylchloride and 5-(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidin-2-yl)octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole or as otherwise specified herein.

MS (ESI) mass calcd. For C₂₃H₂₁F₃N₄O₂S, 474.13.

Example 358 2-([1,1′-Biphenyl]-2-ylsulfonyl)-5-(4,6-dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

The title compound was prepared using biphenylsulfonylchloride and 4,6-dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole. MS (ESI) mass calcd. For C₂₄H₂₆N₄O₂S, 434.18; m/z found 435.2 [M+H]⁺.

Example 359 2-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-((2-methoxyphenyl)sulfonyl)octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

The title compound was prepared using 2-methoxyphenyl)sulfonylchloride and Intermediate 23. MS (ESI) mass calcd. For C₁₉H₂₄N₄O₃S, 388.16; m/z found 389.2 [M+H]⁺.

Example 360 2-((2-Methoxyphenyl)sulfonyl)-5-(5-(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidin-2-yl)octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

The title prophetic compound may be prepared using 2-methoxyphenyl)sulfonylchloride and 5-(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidin-2-yl)octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole or as otherwise specified herein.

MS (ESI) mass calcd. For C₁₈H₁₉F₃N₄O₃S, 428.11.

Example 361 2-((4(2-Methoxyphenyl)sulfonyl)-5-(5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl)octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

The title compound was prepared using 2-methoxyphenyl)sulfonylchloride and 5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl)octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole. MS (ESI) mass calcd. For C₁₉H₂₀F₃N₃O₃S, 427.12; m/z found 428.2 [M+H]⁺.

Example 362 2-(5-((2-Methoxyphenyl)sulfonyl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl)quinoxaline

The title compound was prepared using 2-methoxyphenyl)sulfonylchloride and Intermediate 35. MS (ESI) mass calcd. For C₂₁H₂₂N₄O₃S, 410.14; m/z found 411.1 [M+H]⁺.

Prophetic Examples 363-365 may be prepared as previously described or as otherwise specified herein.

Example 363 (3,6′-Dimethyl-[2,3′-bipyridin]-2′-yl)(5-(quinoxalin-2-yl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl)methanone

MS (ESI) mass calcd. For C₂₇H₂₆N₆O, 450.22.

Example 364 (3,6′-Dimethyl-[2,3′-bipyridin]-2′-yl)(5-(5-(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidin-2-yl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl)methanone

MS (ESI) mass calcd. For C₂₇H₂₃F₃N₆O, 468.19.

Example 365 (3,6′-Dimethyl-[2,3′-bipyridin]-2′-yl)(5-(5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl)methanone

MS (ESI) mass calcd. For C₂₅H₂₄F₃N₅O, 467.19.

Example 366 (5-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl)(4-fluoro-2-(pyridin-2-yl)phenyl)methanone

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 367 substituting (5-(4,6-dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl)(4-fluoro-2-iodophenyl)methanone for (5-(4,6-dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl)(3-fluoro-2-iodophenyl)methanone, with the addition of catalytic CuI, substituting dioxane for DME, heating 130° C. in microwave for 60 min. The reaction was filtered through celite, rinsed with EtOAc and then concentrated and purified on RP agilent HPLC and fractions lyophilized. MS (ESI) mass calcd. for C₂₄H₂₄FN₅O, 417.20; m/z found, 418.2 [M+H]⁺.

Example 367 (5-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl)(3-fluoro-2-(pyridin-2-yl)phenyl)methanone

(5-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl)(3-fluoro-2-(pyridin-2-yl)phenyl)methanone. (5-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl)(3-fluoro-2-iodophenyl)methanone (51 mg, 0.11 mmol) and 2-tributylstannane pyridine (57 mg, 0.13 mmol) were combined and dissolved in degassed DME then purged with bubbling N₂ for 5 minutes. The reaction was treated with Pd(PPh₃)₄ and then purged with bubbling for 5 minutes in a sealed vessel and then heated to 160° C. in microwave for 90 min. Reaction was filtered through celite, concentrated and purified on 16 g SiO₂ with 0-3.5% NH₃ MeOH/CH₂Cl₂. MS (ESI) mass calcd. for C₂₄H₂₄FN₅O, 417.49; m/z found, 418.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃): 7.71-7.64 (m, 1H), 7.57-7.52 (m, 1H), 7.46 (dddd, J=8.2, 5.6, 2.8, 1.2 Hz, 1H), 7.37 (td, J=7.9, 5.5 Hz, 1H), 7.30-7.24 (m, 2H), 7.20 (ddd, J=9.0, 2.5, 1.5 Hz, 1H), 7.11 (tdd, J=8.4, 2.6, 1.0 Hz, 1H), 6.31 (s, 1H), 3.97 (dd, J=12.7, 7.8 Hz, 1H), 3.89 (dd, J=11.5, 7.7 Hz, 1H), 3.82-3.70 (m, 2H), 3.70-3.60 (m, 2H), 3.50 (dd, J=11.5, 4.6 Hz, 1H), 3.40 (dd, J=10.9, 5.4 Hz, 1H), 3.07 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 3.03-2.94 (m, 1H), 2.30 (s, 6H).

Example 368 [2,3′-bipyridin]-2′-yl(5-(4,6-dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl)methanone

The title prophetic example may be synthesized according to a procedure as previously described or as otherwise specified herein.

MS (ESI) mass calcd. for C₂₃H₂₄N₆O, 400.48.

Example 369 (5-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl)(4-fluoro-2-(oxazol-2-yl)phenyl)methanone

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 248, substituting 2-(tri-N-butylstannyl)oxazole for 2-tributylstannane pyrimidine. MS (ESI) mass calcd. for C₂₂H₂₂FN₅O₂, 407.18. found 408.2 [M+H]⁺.

Example 370 (5-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl)(3-fluoro-2-(6-methylpyridin-2-yl)phenyl)methanone

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 367, substituting 6-methyl-2-(tributylstannyl)pyridine for 2-tributylstannane pyridine. MS (ESI) mass calcd. for C₂₅H₂₆FN₅O, 431.51; m/z found, 432.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃): 7.60 (t, J=7.7 Hz, 1H), 7.43-7.35 (m, 2H), 7.21-7.15 (m, J=13.8, 4.5 Hz, 2H), 7.05 (d, J=7.7 Hz, 1H), 6.30 (s, 1H), 3.84-3.73 (m, J=20.1, 12.0, 7.6 Hz, 2H), 3.67 (dd, J=11.5, 7.0 Hz, 1H), 3.63-3.53 (m, 1H), 3.40 (t, J=13.3 Hz, 2H), 3.30-3.20 (m, 1H), 3.10 (dd, J=10.8, 5.7 Hz, 1H), 2.98-2.84 (m, 2H), 2.43 (s, 3H), 2.30 (s, 6H).

Example 371 (5-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl)(3-fluoro-2-(3-methylpyridin-2-yl)phenyl)methanone

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 367. MS (ESI) mass calcd. for C₂₅H₂₆FN₅O, 431.51; m/z found, 432.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃): 8.37 (d, J=40.0 Hz, 1H), 7.56-7.49 (m, 1H), 7.41 (td, J=7.9, 5.3 Hz, 1H), 7.23-7.04 (m, J=19.5, 9.7 Hz, 3H), 6.30 (s, 1H), 3.96-3.45 (m, 6H), 3.46-3.19 (m, J=11.6, 7.6 Hz, 2H), 3.01-2.85 (m, 2H), 2.31 (s, 6H), 2.23 (s, 3H).

Example 372 (2-(3-Chloropyridin-2-yl)-3-fluorophenyl)(5-(4,6-dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl)methanone

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 367. MS (ESI) mass calcd. for C₂₄H₂₃ClFN₅O, 451.93; m/z found, 452.1 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): 8.51 (d, J=3.7 Hz, 1H), 7.71 (dd, J=28.1, 8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.45 (td, J=7.9, 5.3 Hz, 1H), 7.25-7.14 (m, J=10.6, 7.7 Hz, 3H), 6.30 (s, 1H), 3.77 (s, 2H), 3.72-3.59 (m, J=23.3, 9.8 Hz, 2H), 3.59-3.53 (m, 1H), 3.45 (dd, J=33.2, 12.0 Hz, 2H), 3.37-3.11 (m, J=59.6 Hz, 1H), 3.02-2.88 (m, 2H), 2.31 (s, 6H).

Example 373 (5-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl)(3-fluoro-2-(4-methylpyridin-2-yl)phenyl)methanone

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 367. MS (ESI) mass calcd. for C₂₅H₂₆FN₅O, 431.51; m/z found, 432.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): 8.44 (d, J=5.0 Hz, 1H), 7.43-7.40 (m, 1H), 7.40-7.34 (m, 1H), 7.21-7.14 (m, J=2.7, 1.1 Hz, 2H), 6.99 (d, J=4.5 Hz, 1H), 6.29 (s, 1H), 3.79 (dd, J=11.5, 7.3 Hz, 1H), 3.69 (ddd, J=8.7, 7.1, 2.1 Hz, 2H), 3.58-3.50 (m, 2H), 3.46 (dd, J=12.6, 4.3 Hz, 1H), 3.40 (dd, J=10.9, 4.2 Hz, 1H), 3.25 (dd, J=11.0, 5.1 Hz, 1H), 2.99-2.85 (m, 2H), 2.34 (s, 3H), 2.31 (s, 6H).

Example 374 (5-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl)(3-fluoro-2-(5-methylpyridin-2-yl)phenyl)methanone

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 367. MS (ESI) mass calcd. for C₂₅H₂₆FN₅O, 431.51; m/z found, 432.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): 8.42 (s, 1H), 7.53-7.48 (m, 2H), 7.42-7.33 (m, 1H), 7.21-7.12 (m, 2H), 6.29 (s, 1H), 3.81 (dd, J=11.5, 7.3 Hz, 1H), 3.76-3.67 (m, J=11.3, 7.2, 4.3 Hz, 2H), 3.58-3.39 (m, 4H), 3.28 (dd, J=10.9, 4.8 Hz, 1H), 3.01-2.86 (m, 2H), 2.31 (s, 9H).

Example 375 (5-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl)(3-fluoro-2-(3-fluoropyridin-2-yl)phenyl)methanone

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 367 substituting 3-fluoro-2-(tributylstannyl)pyridine for 2-tributylstannane pyridine. MS (ESI) mass calcd. for C₂₄H₂₃F₂N₅O, 435.48; m/z found, 436.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): 8.45 (dt, J=4.6, 1.5 Hz, 1H), 7.49-7.39 (m, 2H), 7.29-7.16 (m, 3H), 6.30 (s, 1H), 3.85-3.60 (m, 5H), 3.53-3.42 (m, 2H), 3.38 (dd, J=10.9, 4.4 Hz, 1H), 3.03-2.91 (m, 2H), 2.31 (s, 6H).

Example 376 (5-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl)(3-fluoro-2-(oxazol-2-yl)phenyl)methanone

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 367 substituting 2-(tri-N-butylstannyl)oxazole for 2-tributylstannane pyridine. MS (ESI) mass calcd. for C₂₂H₂₂FN₅O₂, 407.45; m/z found, 408.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃): 7.73 (d, J=0.6 Hz, 1H), 7.51-7.44 (m, 1H), 7.25-7.20 (m, 2H), 7.18 (dd, J=7.6, 0.9 Hz, 1H), 6.29 (s, 1H), 3.90-3.83 (m, 2H), 3.74-3.60 (m, 3H), 3.52 (dd, J=11.6, 4.4 Hz, 1H), 3.45 (dd, J=10.9, 7.5 Hz, 1H), 3.11 (dd, J=10.9, 5.4 Hz, 1H), 3.08-3.00 (m, 1H), 3.00-2.93 (m, 1H), 2.30 (s, 6H).

Example 377 2-(5-Fluoro-4-methylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-{[4-methoxy-2-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

(Hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl)(4-methoxy-2-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl)methanone (Example 288—step B, 33 mg, 0.10 mmol), 2-chloro-5-fluoro-4-methylpyrimidine (Intermediate 55, 15 mg, 0.10 mmol) and DIPEA (54 μL, 0.3 mmol) in ACN (1 mL) were heated in a microwave reactor for 2 h at 200° C. Then the reaction mixture was concentrated and purified via prep HPLC (Agilent, basic) gave the title compound as a clear oil. MS (ESI) mass calcd. C₂₁H₂₂FN₇O₂, 423.45; m/z found 424.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): 8.06 (d, J=1.8 Hz, 1H), 7.74 (s, 2H), 7.50 (d, J=5.8 Hz, 1H), 7.33 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 1H), 6.95 (dd, J=8.5, 2.5 Hz, 1H), 3.93-3.76 (m, 5H), 3.71-3.59 (m, 2H), 3.53 (dd, J=11.4, 5.2 Hz, 1H), 3.44-3.30 (m, 2H), 3.07-2.87 (m, 3H), 2.37 (t, J=4.9 Hz, 3H).

Example 378 2-(5-Chloro-4-methylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-{[4-methoxy-2-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 377, utilizing 2,5-dichloro-4-methylpyrimidine (Intermediate 65) in place of 2-chloro-5-fluoro-4-methylpyrimidine. MS (ESI) mass calcd. C₂₁H₂₂ClN₇O₂, 439.91; m/z found 440.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): 8.13 (s, 1H), 7.74 (s, 2H), 7.51 (d, J=10.9 Hz, 1H), 7.32 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 1H), 6.94 (dd, J=20.6, 10.3 Hz, 1H), 3.93-3.78 (m, 5H), 3.73-3.60 (m, 2H), 3.59-3.50 (m, 1H), 3.47-3.30 (m, 2H), 3.08-2.87 (m, 3H), 2.44 (s, J=11.6 Hz, 3H).

Example 379 2-(5-Fluoro-4,6-dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-{[4-methoxy-2-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 377, utilizing 2-chloro-5-fluoro-4,6-dimethylpyrimidine (Intermediate 69) in place of 2-chloro-5-fluoro-4-methylpyrimidine. MS (ESI) mass calcd. C₂₂H₂₄FN₇O₂, 437.48; m/z found 438.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): 7.74 (s, 2H), 7.50 (d, J=2.5 Hz, 1H), 7.35-7.30 (m, 1H), 6.95 (dd, J=8.5, 2.5 Hz, 1H), 3.92-3.75 (m, 5H), 3.70-3.58 (m, 2H), 3.53 (dd, J=11.5, 5.2 Hz, 1H), 3.43-3.29 (m, 2H), 3.04-2.84 (m, 3H), 2.32 (d, J=6.7 Hz, 6H).

Example 380 2-(4,5-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-{[4-methoxy-2-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 377, utilizing 2-chloro-4,5-dimethylpyrimidine (Intermediate 57) in place of 2-chloro-5-fluoro-4-methylpyrimidine. MS (ESI) mass calcd. C₂₂H₂₅N₇O₂, 419.49; m/z found 420.1 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): 7.99 (s, 1H), 7.74 (s, 2H), 7.49 (d, J=7.3 Hz, 1H), 7.32 (d, J=8.2 Hz, 1H), 6.94 (dd, J=8.5, 2.5 Hz, 1H), 3.92-3.78 (m, 5H), 3.72-3.61 (m, 2H), 3.54 (dd, J=11.4, 5.2 Hz, 1H), 3.42 (dd, J=11.4, 4.2 Hz, 1H), 3.34 (s, 1H), 3.07-2.85 (m, 3H), 2.32 (s, 3H), 2.09 (s, 3H).

Example 381 2-[(3-Propoxypyridin-2-yl)carbonyl]-5-[5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15, utilizing 5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole and 2-propoxynicotinic acid. MS (ESI) mass calcd. C₂₁H₂₃F₃N₄O₂, 420.40; m/z found 421.1 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD): 8.31 (s, 2H), 8.19 (dd, J=9.6, 2.3 Hz, 1H), 8.02 (s, 1H), 7.80 (s, 1H), 7.26 (d, J=9.4 Hz, 1H), 4.22-4.17 (m, 2H), 4.07-3.93 (m, 3H), 3.79-3.60 (m, 4H), 3.44-3.35 (m, 3H), 1.88-1.77 (m, 2H), 1.02 (t, J=7.4 Hz, 3H).

Example 382 2-{4,6-Bis[(²H₃)methyl](²H)pyrimidin-2-yl}-5-{[2-fluoro-6-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

To a solution of Intermediate 91 (150 mg, 0.26 mmol) in DCM (2.6 mL) was added Intermediate 12 (55 mg, 0.26 mmol) followed by EDCl (76 mg, 0.4 mmol), HOBt (54 mg, 0.4 mmol) and TEA (0.15 mL, 1.06 mmol). The mixture was stirred for 14 h at room temperature and an additional amount of EDCl (76 mg, 0.4 mmol) and TEA (0.15 mL, 1.06 mmol) were added. After an additional 24 h at room temperature the mixture was concentrated in vacuo and chromatography (Hex to 100% EtOAc/Hex) afforded the desired product as a colorless foam (63 mg, 58%). MS (ESI): mass calculated for C₂₁H₁₅D₇FN₇O, 414.23; m/z found 415.2 [M+1]⁺. 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃): 7.87-7.80 (m, 2H), 7.71 (s, 1H), 7.51-7.44 (m, 1H), 7.18-7.10 (m, 1H), 4.01-3.50 (m, 7H), 3.32-3.21 (m, 1H), 3.12-2.94 (m, 2H).

Example 383 2-{4,6-Bis[(²H₃)methyl](²H)pyrimidin-2-yl}-5-{[3-fluoro-2-(3-methyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 382 substituting Intermediate 63 for Intermediate 12. MS (ESI): mass calculated for C₂₂H₁₆D₇FN₆O₂, 429.23; m/z found 430.2 [M+1]⁺. 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃): 7.63-7.57 (m, 1H), 7.31-7.27 (m, 1H), 7.24-7.21 (m, 1H), 3.94-3.87 (m, 2H), 3.78-3.62 (m, 3H), 3.58-3.48 (m, 2H), 3.22-3.15 (m, 1H), 3.12-2.96 (m, 2H), 2.43 (s, 3H).

Example 384 2-{4,6-Bis[(²H₃)methyl](²H)pyrimidin-2-yl}-5-{[4-methoxy-2-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 382 substituting Intermediate 54 for Intermediate 12. MS (ESI): mass calculated for C₂₂H₁₈D₇N₇O₂, 426.25; m/z found 427.3 [M+1]⁺. 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃): 7.73 (s, 2H), 7.50 (d, J=2.5 Hz, 1H), 7.33 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 1H), 6.95 (dd, J=8.5 Hz, 2.5 Hz, 1H), 3.94-3.80 (m, 5H), 3.71-3.63 (m, 2H), 3.61-3.55 (m, 1H), 3.49-3.43 (m, 1H), 3.38-3.29 (m, 1H), 3.05-2.86 (m, 3H).

Example 385 2-(5-Ethyl-4,6-dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-{[3-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)pyridin-2-yl]carbonyl}octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 290 substituting Intermediate 68 for Intermediate 20 and Intermediate 67 for Intermediate 55. MS (ESI) mass calculated for C₂₂H₂₆N₈O, 418.22; m/z found, 419.2. 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃): 8.62 (dd, J=4.7 Hz, 1.3 Hz, 1H), 8.33 (dd, J=8.3 Hz, 1.4 Hz, 1H), 7.79 (s, 2H), 7.48 (dd, J=8.3 Hz, 4.7 Hz, 1H), 3.97-3.84 (m, 2H), 3.78-3.63 (m, 4H), 3.59-3.55 (m, 1H), 3.29-3.23 (m, 1H), 3.13-2.98 (m, 2H), 2.52 (q, J=7.5 Hz, 2H), 2.38 (s, 6H), 1.08 (t, J=7.5 Hz, 3H).

Example 386 2-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-{[3-(3-methyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)pyridin-2-yl]carbonyl}octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

Step A: 2-(Methoxycarbonyl)nicotinic acid. 2,3-Pyridinecarboxylic anhydride (2.32 g, 15.55 mmol) was dissolved in MeOH (11 mL) and heated to reflux for 14 h. The mixture was concentrated in vacuo to a white solid that was a mixture of 2-(methoxycarbonyl)nicotinic acid and 3-(methoxycarbonyl)picolinic acid. This mixture was used as is. MS (ESI) mass calculated for C₈H₇NO₄, 181.04; m/z found, 181.9.

Step B: (E)-Methyl 3-((((1-aminoethylidene)amino)oxy)carbonyl)picolinate. To the product of Step A (250 mg, 1.38 mmol) in THF (7 mL) at 0° C. was added ethyl chloroformate (0.17 mL, 1.38 mmol) followed by TEA (0.29 mL, 2.07 mmol). After 10 min the ice bath was removed and after 2 h N-hydroxyacetamidine (102 mg, 1.38 mmol) was added in one portion. After 14 h at room temperature the mixture was concentrated in vacuo and chromatography (Hex to 100% EtOAc/Hex) afforded the desired (E)-methyl 3-((((1-aminoethylidene)amino)oxy)carbonyl)picolinate (200 mg, 70%) and (E)-methyl 2-((((1-aminoethylidene)amino)oxy)carbonyl)nicotinate (60 mg, 18%). MS (ESI) mass calculated for C₁₀H₁₁N₃O₄, 237.08; m/z found, 238.1. 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃): 8.79 (dd, J=4.8 Hz, 1.6 Hz, 1H), 8.28 (dd, J=7.9 Hz, 1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.58-7.51 (m, 1H), 3.99 (s, 3H), 2.04 (s, 3H).

Step C: 3-(3-Methyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)picolinic acid. To the product of Step B (180 mg, 0.76 mmol) was added t-BuOH (4 mL) followed by NaOAc (94 mg, 1.14 mmol) and the mixture was heated at 100° C. for 14 h. The mixture was allowed to cool to room temperature and filtered to afford 3-(3-methyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)picolinic acid (60 mg, 39%) as a white solid.

Step D: 2-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-{[3-(3-methyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)pyridin-2-yl]carbonyl}octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole. To a solution of the product of Step C (60 mg, 0.30 mmol) in DCM (3 mL) was added Intermediate 23 (65 mg, 0.30 mmol) followed by EDCl (85 mg, 0.44 mmol), HOBt (60 mg, 0.44 mmol) and TEA (0.08 mL, 0.59 mmol). The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 14 h and then concentrated in vacuo. Chromatography (DCM to 8% 2 M NH₃ in MeOH/DCM) afforded the desired compound as a colorless foam (49 mg, 41%). MS (ESI) mass calculated for C₂₁H₂₃N₇O₂, 405.19; m/z found, 406.2. 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃): 8.82-8.75 (m, 1H), 8.42-8.36 (m, 1H), 7.52-7.47 (m, 1H), 6.31-6.26 (m, 1H), 4.02-3.90 (m, 2H), 3.86-3.79 (m, 1H), 3.76-3.69 (m, 2H), 3.66-3.54 (m, 2H), 3.24-3.18 (m, 1H), 3.14-2.99 (m, 2H), 2.48-2.42 (m, 3H), 2.33-2.24 (m, 6H).

Example 387 (5-(6,7-Difluoroquinoxalin-2-yl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl)(3-fluoro-2-(pyrimidin-2-yl)phenyl)methanone

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15, utilizing Intermediate 44 and Intermediate 50 in the last step MS (ESI): mass calculated for C₂₅H₁₉F₃N₆O, 476.16; m/z found 477.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃) 8.74 (t, J=12.5, 2H), 8.25 (d, J=20.5, 1H), 7.65 (dd, J=10.5, 8.4, 1H), 7.52-7.40 (m, 2H), 7.26-7.12 (m, 3H), 3.97-3.74 (m, 3H), 3.73-3.52 (m, 4H), 3.38 (dd, J=11.1, 4.6, 1H), 3.22-3.02 (m, 2H).

Example 388 (5-(6,7-Difluoroquinoxalin-2-yl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl)(3-fluoro-2-(pyrimidin-2-yl)phenyl)methanone

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15, utilizing Intermediate 43 and Intermediate 54 in the last step MS (ESI): mass calculated for C₂₄H₂₂FN₇O₂, 459.18; m/z found 460.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃) 8.97 (s, 1H), 7.71 (s, 2H), 7.59 (dd, J=9.0, 4.7, 1H), 7.47 (ddd, J=17.7, 9.5, 2.6, 2H), 7.37-7.28 (m, 2H), 6.95 (dd, J=8.5, 2.5, 1H), 4.01-3.85 (m, 5H), 3.74 (ddt, J=17.0, 11.6, 8.8, 3H), 3.64-3.33 (m, 2H), 3.12-2.93 (m, 3H).

Example 389 (5-(6,7-Difluoroquinoxalin-2-yl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl)(4-methoxy-2-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl)methanone

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15, utilizing Intermediate 44 and Intermediate 54 in the last step MS (ESI): mass calculated for C₂₄H₂₁F₂N₇O₂, 477.17; m/z found 478.1 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃) 8.26 (d, J=14.7, 1H), 7.71 (s, 2H), 7.63 (dd, J=10.6, 8.5, 1H), 7.49 (t, J=7.1, 1H), 7.41 (dd, J=11.4, 8.0, 1H), 7.33 (t, J=6.7, 1H), 6.95 (dt, J=8.4, 4.2, 1H), 3.99-3.85 (m, 5H), 3.83-3.69 (m, 2H), 3.70-3.57 (m, 1H), 3.52 (dd, J=11.0, 3.5, 1H), 3.44 (s, 1H), 3.19-3.09 (m, 1H), 3.09-2.97 (m, 2H).

Example 390 (5-(6-(Dimethylamino)pyrimidin-4-yl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl)(4-methoxy-2-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl)methanone

The title compound was prepared utilizing (hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl)(4-methoxy-2-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl)methanone (Example 288, product from Step B) and 6-chloro-N,N-dimethylpyrimidin-4-amine. MS (ESI) mass calcd. C₂₂H₂₆N₈O₂, 434.49; m/z found 435.2 [M+H]⁺.

Example 391 (5-(6-(Dimethylamino)-2-methylpyrimidin-4-yl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl)(4-methoxy-2-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl)methanone

The title compound was prepared utilizing (hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl)(4-methoxy-2-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl)methanone (Example 288, product from Step B) and 6-chloro-N,N,2-trimethylpyrimidin-4-amine. MS (ESI) mass calcd. C₂₃H₂₈N₈O₂, 448.52; m/z found 449.2 [M+H]⁺.

Prophetic examples 392-398 may be made using the procedures described previously or as otherwise specified herein.

Example 392 (5-(6-(Dimethylamino)-2-methylpyrimidin-4-yl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl)(3-fluoro-2-(pyrimidin-2-yl)phenyl)methanone

The title prophetic compound may be synthesized utilizing 6-chloro-N,N,2-trimethylpyrimidin-4-amine or as otherwise specified herein.

MS (ESI) mass calcd. C₂₄H₂₆FN₇O, 447.51.

Example 393 (5-(6-(Dimethylamino)pyrimidin-4-yl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl)(3-fluoro-2-(pyrimidin-2-yl)phenyl)methanone

The title prophetic compound may be synthesized utilizing 3-fluoro-2-(pyrimidin-2-yl)benzoic acid and 6-chloro-N,N-dimethylpyrimidin-4-amine or as otherwise specified herein.

MS (ESI) mass calcd. C₂₃H₂₄FN₇O, 433.48.

Example 394 (3-Fluoro-2-(pyrimidin-2-yl)phenyl)(5-(5-fluoro-4,6-dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl)methanone

The title prophetic compound may be synthesized utilizing 3-fluoro-2-(pyrimidin-2-yl)benzoic acid and 2-chloro-5-fluoro-4,6-dimethylpyrimidine or as otherwise specified herein.

MS (ESI) mass calcd. C₂₃H₂₂F₂N₆O, 436.46.

Example 395 (5-(5-Chloro-4,6-dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl)(3-fluoro-2-(pyrimidin-2-yl)phenyl)methanone

The title prophetic compound may be synthesized utilizing 3-fluoro-2-(pyrimidin-2-yl)benzoic acid and 2,5-dichloro-4,6-dimethylpyrimidine or as otherwise specified herein.

MS (ESI) mass calcd. C₂₃H₂₂ClFN₆O₂, 452.91.

Example 396 (5-(5-Chloro-4-methylpyrimidin-2-yl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl)(3-fluoro-2-(pyrimidin-2-yl)phenyl)methanone

The title prophetic compound may be synthesized utilizing 3-fluoro-2-(pyrimidin-2-yl)benzoic acid and 2,5-dichloro-4-methylpyrimidine or as otherwise specified herein.

MS (ESI) mass calcd. C₂₂H₂₀ClFN₆O, 438.89.

Example 397 (3-Fluoro-2-(pyrimidin-2-yl)phenyl)(5-(5-fluoro-4-methylpyrimidin-2-yl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl)methanone

The title prophetic compound may be synthesized utilizing 3-fluoro-2-(pyrimidin-2-yl)benzoic acid and 2-chloro-5-fluoro-4-methylpyrimidine or as otherwise specified herein.

MS (ESI) mass calcd. C₂₂H₂₀F₂N₆O, 434.49.

Example 398 (5-(4,5-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl)(3-fluoro-2-(pyrimidin-2-yl)phenyl)methanone

MS (ESI) mass calcd. C₂₃H₂₃FN₆O, 418.47.

Example 399 (5-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl)(5-fluoro-2-(6-methylpyridin-2-yl)phenyl)methanone

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 248, substituting (5-(4,6-dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl) (5-fluoro-2-iodophenyl)methanone for (5-(4,6-dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl)(4-fluoro-2-iodophenyl)methanone and 6-methyl-2-(tributylstannyl)pyridine for 2-tributylstannane pyrimidine, with the addition of CuI. MS (ESI) mass calcd. for C₂₅H₂₆FN₅O, 431.21; m/z found 432.2 [M+1]⁺.

Example 400 (5-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl)(5-fluoro-2-(4-methylpyridin-2-yl)phenyl)methanone

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 399, substituting 4-methyl-2-(tributylstannyl)pyridine for 6-methyl-2-(tributylstannyl)pyridine. MS (ESI) mass calcd. for C₂₅H₂₆FN₅O, 431.21; m/z found 432.2 [M+1]⁺.

Example 401 (5-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl)(5-fluoro-2-(5-methylpyridin-2-yl)phenyl)methanone

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 399, substituting 5-methyl-2-(tributylstannyl)pyridine for 6-methyl-2-(tributylstannyl)pyridine. MS (ESI) mass calcd. for C₂₅H₂₆FN₅O, 431.21; m/z found 432.2 [M+1]⁺.

Example 402 (5-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl)(5-fluoro-2-(3-fluoropyridin-2-yl)phenyl)methanone

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 399, substituting 3-fluoro-2-(tributylstannyl)pyridine for 6-methyl-2-(tributylstannyl)pyridine. MS (ESI) mass calcd. for C₂₄H₂₃F₂N₅O, 435.19; m/z found 436.2 [M+1]⁺.

Example 403 (5-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl)(5-fluoro-2-(pyridin-2-yl)phenyl)methanone

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 399, substituting 2-tri-N-butylstannylpyridine for 6-methyl-2-(tributylstannyl)pyridine. MS (ESI) mass calcd. for C₂₄H₂₄FN₅O, 417.20; m/z found 418.2 [M+1]⁺.

Example 404 (5-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl)(5-fluoro-2-(oxazol-2-yl)phenyl)methanone

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 399, substituting 2-(tri-N-butylstannyl)oxazole for 6-methyl-2-(tributylstannyl)pyridine. MS (ESI) mass calcd. for C₂₂H₂₂FN₅O₂, 407.18; ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): 8.04 (dd, J=8.8, 5.3 Hz, 1H), 7.65 (s, 1H), 7.20-7.13 (m, 2H), 7.07 (dd, J=8.3, 2.6 Hz, 1H), 6.29 (s, 1H), 3.95 (dd, J=12.6, 7.6 Hz, 1H), 3.88 (dd, J=11.6, 7.6 Hz, 1H), 3.78-3.63 (m, 3H), 3.51-3.45 (m, 1H), 3.41 (dd, J=10.8, 7.5 Hz, 1H), 3.11-3.02 (m, 2H), 3.00-2.90 (m, 1H), 2.29 (s, 6H).

Prophetic examples 405-410 may be made using the procedures described previously or as otherwise specified herein.

Example 405 (5-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl)(6-fluoro-2-(6-methylpyridin-2-yl)phenyl)methanone

MS (ESI) mass calcd. for C₂₅H₂₆FN₅O, 431.21;

Example 406 (5-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl)(6-fluoro-2-(4-methylpyridin-2-yl)phenyl)methanone

MS (ESI) mass calcd. for C₂₅H₂₆FN₅O, 431.21;

Example 407 (5-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl)(6-fluoro-2-(5-methylpyridin-2-yl)phenyl)methanone

MS (ESI) mass calcd. for C₂₅H₂₆FN₅O, 431.21;

Example 408 (5-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl)(6-fluoro-2-(3-fluoropyridin-2-yl)phenyl)methanone

MS (ESI) mass calcd. for C₂₄H₂₃F₂N₅O, 435.19;

Example 409 (5-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl)(6-fluoro-2-(pyridin-2-yl)phenyl)methanone

MS (ESI) mass calcd. for C₂₄H₂₄FN₅O, 417.20;

Example 410 (5-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl)(6-fluoro-2-(oxazol-2-yl)phenyl)methanone

MS (ESI) mass calcd. for C₂₂H₂₂FN₅O₂, 407.18;

Example 411 (3,6′-Dimethyl-[2,3′-bipyridin]-2′-yl)(5-(quinoxalin-2-yl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl)methanone

MS (ESI) mass calcd. For C₂₇H₂₆N₆O, 450.22.

Example 412 [5-(4,6-Dimethyl-pyrimidin-2-yl)-hexahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2-yl]-(2-fluoro-6-[1,2,3]triazol-2-yl-phenyl)-methanone.HCl.1.65H₂O

To a mixture of [5-(4,6-dimethyl-pyrimidin-2-yl)-hexahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2-yl]-(2-fluoro-6-[1,2,3]triazol-2-yl-phenyl)-methanone (200 mg, 0.47 mmol) and IPA (1.5 mL) at room temperature was added 6 M HCl_((aq)) (83 μL, 0.5 mmol). The mixture was warmed to 75° C. and then slowly cooled to 35° C. The mixture was then seeded with solids formed previously [The seeds were formed as follows: To a mixture of [5-(4,6-dimethyl-pyrimidin-2-yl)-hexahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2-yl]-(2-fluoro-6-[1,2,3]triazol-2-yl-phenyl)-methanone (200 mg, 0.47 mmol) and IPA (2 mL) at room temperature was added 5 M HCl in IPA (100 μL, 0.5 mmol). The mixture became homogeneous and was stirred at room temperature for 3 weeks. Solids formed when the solvent was allowed to evaporate under an ambient atmosphere.]. Once seeded, the mixture was cooled to room temperature and stirred for 3 days. The resulting solids were filtered and washed with IPA (0.5 mL). The solids were then dried in a vacuum oven for 2 h at 45° C. to give the title compound as a white solid (201.9 mg, 91%). ¹H NMR (600 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 8.16 (s, 0.8H), 8.05 (s, 1.2H), 7.83 (d, J=8.2, 0.4H), 7.79 (d, J=8.2, 0.6H), 7.70-7.64 (m, 1H), 7.48-7.41 (m, 1H), 6.71 (bs, 1H), 4.0-3.4 (m, 7H), 3.25-2.96 (m, 3H), 2.48-2.33 (m, 6H). Anal. Calcd. For C₂₁H₂₂FN₇O.HCl.1.65H₂OC, 53.25; H, 5.60; N, 20.70; Cl, 7.49. found C, 53.54; H, 5.64; N, 21.04; Cl, 7.10. Water calculated, 6.28%. found by Karl-Fisher titration, 6.32%.

Example 413 2-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-{[3-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]carbonyl}octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15 utilizing Intermediate 23 and 3-(trifluoromethoxy)picolinic acid. MS (ESI) mass calcd. for C₁₉H₂₀FN₆O, 391.40; m/z found 392.1 [M+1]⁺. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): 8.72 (d, J=4.8 Hz, 1H), 7.99 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.44 (dd, J=8.1, 4.9 Hz, 1H), 6.25 (s, 1H), 4.01-3.95 (m, 1H), 3.91-3.84 (m, 1H), 3.79-3.73 (m, 1H), 3.69-3.42 (m, 4H), 3.18-3.10 (m, 1H), 3.11-2.92 (m, 2H), 2.26 (s, 6H).

Example 414 2-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-[(3-ethoxy-6-methylpyridin-2-yl)carbonyl]octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15 utilizing Intermediate 23 and 3-ethoxy-6-methylpicolinic acid. MS (ESI) mass calcd. for C₂₁H₂₇N₅O₂, 381.48; m/z found 382.2 [M+1]⁺. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): 7.10-7.02 (m, 2H), 6.23 (s, 1H), 4.06-3.78 (m, 4H), 3.76-3.44 (m, 5H), 3.21-3.15 (m, 1H), 3.05-2.87 (m, 2H), 2.44 (s, 3H), 2.24 (s, 6H), 1.29 (t, J=7.0 Hz, 3H).

Example 415 2-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-[(2-ethoxypyridin-3-yl)carbonyl]octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15 utilizing Intermediate 23 and 3-propoxypicolinic acid. MS (ESI) mass calcd. for C₂₀H₂₅N₅O₂, 367.45; m/z found 368.1 [M+1]⁺. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): 8.13-8.07 (m, 1H), 7.57-7.50 (m, 1H), 6.86-6.81 (m, 1H), 6.23 (s, 1H), 4.36-4.29 (m, 2H), 3.93-3.77 (m, 2H), 3.75-3.68 (m, 1H), 3.65-3.40 (m, 4H), 3.23-3.18 (m, 1H), 3.08-2.85 (m, 2H), 1.26 (t, J=7.0 Hz, 3H).

Example 416 6-[5-{[3-Fluoro-2-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl]-N,N,2-trimethylpyrimidin-4-amine

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15 utilizing Intermediate 107 and Intermediate 5. MS (ESI) mass calcd. for C₂₂H₂₅FN₈O, 436.5; m/z found 437.1 [M+1]⁺. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): 7.84 (s, 2H), 7.51 (s, 1H), 7.42-7.31 (m, 1H), 7.29-7.19 (m, 2H), 5.04 (s, 1H), 4.09-3.44 (m, 6H), 3.34-3.06 (m, 9H), 2.78 (s, 3H).

Example 417 6-[5-{[4-Fluoro-2-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl]-N,N,2-trimethylpyrimidin-4-amine

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15 utilizing Intermediate 107 and Intermediate 4. MS (ESI) mass calcd. for C₂₂H₂₅FN₈O, 436.5; m/z found 437.1 [M+1]⁺. ¹H NMR (D₃COD): 7.93 (s, 2H), 7.77 (dd, J=9.7, 2.5 Hz, 1H), 7.53 (dd, J=8.5, 5.8 Hz, 1H), 7.28 (td, J=8.3, 2.5 Hz, 1H), 5.35 (s, 1H), 3.90-3.81 (m, 2H), 3.76-3.37 (m, 5H), 3.18-3.12 (m, 9H), 2.49 (s, 3H).

Example 418 6-[5-{[2-Fluoro-6-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl]-N,N,2-trimethylpyrimidin-4-amine

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15 utilizing Intermediate 107 and Intermediate 12. MS (ESI) mass calcd. for C₂₂H₂₅FN₈O, 436.5; m/z found 437.2 [M+1]⁺. ¹H NMR (D₃COD): 7.93 (s, 2H), 7.77 (dd, J=9.7, 2.5 Hz, 1H), 7.53 (dd, J=8.5, 5.8 Hz, 1H), 7.28 (td, J=8.3, 2.5 Hz, 1H), 5.35 (s, 1H), 3.90-3.81 (m, 2H), 3.76-3.37 (m, 5H), 3.18-3.12 (m, 9H), 2.49 (s, 3H).

Example 419 2-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-[(6-methyl-3-propoxypyridin-2-yl)carbonyl]octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15 utilizing Intermediate 23 and 6-methyl-3-propoxypicolinic acid. MS (ESI) mass calcd. for C₂₂H₂₉N₅O₂, 395.51; m/z found 396.2 [M+1]⁺. ¹H NMR (D₃COD): 7.06-6.97 (m, 2H), 6.18 (s, 1H), 3.91-3.73 (m, 4H), 3.69-3.56 (m, 2H), 3.53-3.42 (m, 3H), 3.15-3.10 (m, 1H), 3.02-2.83 (m, 2H), 2.39 (s, 3H), 2.19 (s, 6H), 1.71-1.56 (m, 2H), 0.83 (t, J=7.4 Hz, 3H).

Example 420 6-{5-[(3-Ethoxy-6-methylpyridin-2-yl)carbonyl]hexahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl}-N,N,2-trimethylpyrimidin-4-amine

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15 utilizing Intermediate 107 and 6-methyl-3-ethoxypicolinic acid. MS (ESI) mass calcd. for C₂₂H₃₀N₆O₂, 410.52; m/z found 411.3 [M+1]⁺. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): 7.84 (d, J=8.3 Hz, 1H), 7.59 (d, J=8.6 Hz, 1H), 5.29 (s, 1H), 4.26-4.13 (m, 4H), 3.88 (s, 4H), 3.59 (s, 1H), 3.44 (s, 1H), 3.18 (s, 8H), 2.87 (s, 3H), 2.75 (s, 3H), 1.47 (t, J=6.6 Hz, 3H).

Example 421 2-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-[(6-methyl-3-pyrimidin-2-ylpyridin-2-yl)carbonyl]octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15 utilizing Intermediate 23 and 6-methyl-3-(pyrimidin-2-yl)picolinic acid. MS (ESI) mass calcd. for C₂₃H₂₅N₇O, 415.50; m/z found 416.1 [M+1]⁺. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): 7.84 (d, J=8.3 Hz, 1H), 7.59 (d, J=8.6 Hz, 1H), 5.29 (s, 1H), 4.26-4.13 (m, 4H), 3.88 (s, 4H), 3.59 (s, 1H), 3.44 (s, 1H), 3.18 (s, 8H), 2.87 (s, 3H), 2.75 (s, 3H), 1.47 (t, J=6.6 Hz, 3H).

Example 422 2-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-{[6-methyl-3-(5-methyl-1,3-oxazol-2-yl)pyridin-2-yl]carbonyl}octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15 utilizing Intermediate 23 and 6-methyl-3-(5-methyloxazol-2-yl)picolinic acid. MS (ESI) mass calcd. for C₂₃H₂₆N₆O₂, 418.50; m/z found 419.2 [M+1]⁺. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): 7.84 (d, J=8.3 Hz, 1H), 7.59 (d, J=8.6 Hz, 1H), 5.29 (s, 1H), 4.26-4.13 (m, 4H), 3.88 (s, 4H), 3.59 (s, 1H), 3.44 (s, 1H), 3.18 (s, 8H), 2.87 (s, 3H), 2.75 (s, 3H), 1.47 (t, J=6.6 Hz, 3H).

Example 423 6-[5-{[5-Methoxy-2-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl]-N,N,2-trimethylpyrimidin-4-amine

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15 utilizing Intermediate 107 and Intermediate 10. MS (ESI) mass calcd. for C₂₃H₂₈N₈O₂, 448.53; m/z found 449.3 [M+1]⁺. ¹H NMR (D₃COD): 7.87 (d, J=9.0 Hz, 1H), 7.84 (s, 2H), 7.17 (dd, J=9.0, 2.8 Hz, 1H), 7.03 (d, J=2.8 Hz, 1H), 5.39 (s, 1H), 3.89 (s, 3H), 3.88-3.79 (m, 2H), 3.76-3.65 (m, 1H), 3.64-3.41 (m, 4H), 3.22-3.10 (m, 9H), 2.51 (s, 3H), 1.02 (t, J=7.1 Hz, 3H).

Example 424 N,N,2-Trimethyl-6-{5-[(6-methyl-3-propoxypyridin-2-yl)carbonyl]hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl}pyrimidin-4-amine

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15 utilizing Intermediate 107 and 6-methyl-3-propoxypicolinic acid. MS (ESI) mass calcd. for C₂₃H₃₂N₆O₂, 424.55; m/z found 425.3 [M+1]⁺. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): 7.83 (d, J=5.9 Hz, 1H), 7.57 (d, J=6.1 Hz, 1H), 5.30 (s, 1H), 4.30-4.14 (m, 4H), 4.03-3.72 (m, 4H), 3.57 (s, 1H), 3.44 (s, 1H), 3.18 (s, 8H), 2.87 (s, 3H), 2.75 (s, 3H), 1.92-1.78 (m, 2H), 1.02 (t, J=7.1 Hz, 3H).

Example 425 6-{5-[(5-Fluoro-2-pyrimidin-2-ylphenyl)carbonyl]hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl}-N,N,2-trimethylpyrimidin-4-amine

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15 utilizing Intermediate 107 and Intermediate 13. MS (ESI) mass calcd. for C₂₄H₂₆FN₇O, 447.53; m/z found 448.1 [M+1]⁺. ¹H NMR (D₃COD): 8.83 (d, J=4.9 Hz, 2H), 8.36 (dd, J=8.8, 5.5 Hz, 1H), 7.41-7.32 (m, 2H), 7.26 (dd, J=8.6, 2.6 Hz, 1H), 5.39 (s, 1H), 3.96-3.85 (m, 2H), 3.79-3.72 (m, 1H), 3.68-3.59 (m, 3H), 3.52-3.47 (m, 1H), 3.29-3.12 (m, 9H), 2.52 (s, 3H).

Example 426 6-{5-[(2-Fluoro-6-pyrimidin-2-ylphenyl)carbonyl]hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl}-N,N,2-trimethylpyrimidin-4-amine

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15 utilizing Intermediate 107 and Intermediate 14. MS (ESI) mass calcd. for C₂₄H₂₆FN₇O, 447.53; m/z found 448.3 [M+1]⁺. ¹H NMR (D₃COD): 8.87 (d, J=4.8 Hz, 1H), 8.81 (d, J=4.8 Hz, 1H), 8.23-8.10 (m, 1H), 7.65-7.58 (m, 1H), 7.44-7.33 (m, 2H), 5.40 (s, 1H), 4.03-3.34 (m, 8H), 3.30-3.21 (m, 2H), 3.19 (s, 6H), 2.50 (s, 3H).

Example 427 6-{5-[(3-Fluoro-2-pyrimidin-2-ylphenyl)carbonyl]hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl}-N, N,2-trimethylpyrimidin-4-amine

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15 utilizing Intermediate 107 and Intermediate 50. MS (ESI) mass calcd. for C₂₄H₂₆FN₇O, 447.53; m/z found 448.2 [M+1]⁺. ¹H NMR (D₃COD): 8.89-8.81 (m, 2H), 7.66-7.58 (m, 1H), 7.51-7.45 (m, 1H), 7.43-7.31 (m, 2H), 5.43 (s, 1H), 3.89-3.36 (m, 8H), 3.21 (s, 8H), 2.52 (s, 3H).

Example 428 N,N,2-Trimethyl-6-{5-[(6-methyl-3-pyrimidin-2-ylpyridin-2-yl)carbonyl]hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl}pyrimidin-4-amine

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15 utilizing Intermediate 107 and 6-methyl-3-(pyrimidin-2-yl)picolinic acid. MS (ESI) mass calcd. for C₂₄H₂₈N₈O, 444.54; m/z found 445.3 [M+1]⁺. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): 9.06 (d, J=8.3 Hz, 1H), 8.86 (d, J=4.8 Hz, 2H), 7.65 (d, J=8.3 Hz, 1H), 7.36 (t, J=4.8 Hz, 1H), 5.18 (s, 1H), 4.02-3.70 (m, 7H), 3.48-3.38 (m, 1H), 3.19 (s, 8H), 2.93 (s, 3H), 2.66 (s, 3H).

Example 429 N,N,2-Trimethyl-6-[5-{[6-methyl-3-(5-methyl-1,3-oxazol-2-yl)pyridin-2-yl]carbonyl}hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl]pyrimidin-4-amine

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15 utilizing Intermediate 107 and 6-methyl-3-(5-methyloxazol-2-yl)picolinic acid. MS (ESI) mass calcd. for C₂₄H₂₉N₇O₂, 447.54; m/z found 448.3 [M+1]⁺. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): 8.18 (d, J=8.2 Hz, 1H), 7.25 (d, J=8.2 Hz, 1H), 6.78 (d, J=1.2 Hz, 1H), 5.03 (s, 1H), 3.99 (dd, J=12.5, 7.5 Hz, 1H), 3.75-3.71 (m, 2H), 3.67-3.33 (m, 4H), 3.15-2.94 (m, 9H), 2.60 (s, 3H), 2.37 (s, 3H), 2.31 (s, 3H).

Example 430 N,N,2-Trimethyl-6-{5-[(5-methyl-2-propoxyphenyl)carbonyl]hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl}pyrimidin-4-amine

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15 utilizing Intermediate 107 and 5-methyl-2-propoxybenzoic acid. MS (ESI) mass calcd. for C₂₄H₃₃N₅O₂, 423.56; m/z found 424.2 [M+1]⁺. ¹H NMR (D₃COD): 7.20 (dd, J=8.5, 1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.04 (d, J=2.1 Hz, 1H), 6.94 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 1H), 5.40 (s, 1H), 4.04-3.82 (m, 4H), 3.79-3.73 (m, 1H), 3.69-3.40 (m, 4H), 3.29-3.06 (m, 9H), 2.50 (s, 3H), 2.29 (s, 3H), 1.81-1.65 (m, 2H), 0.97 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 3H).

Example 431 2-{4,6-Bis[(²H₃)methyl](²H)pyrimidin-2-yl}-5-[(3-fluoro-2-pyrimidin-2-ylphenyl)carbonyl]octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 382 substituting Intermediate 50 for Intermediate 12. MS (ESI): mass calculated for C₂₃H₁₆D₇FN₆O, 425.24; m/z found 426.2 [M+1]⁺. 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃): 8.80 (d, J=4.9 Hz, 2H), 7.49-7.42 (m, 1H), 7.26-7.14 (m, 3H), 3.84-3.78 (m, 1H), 3.77-3.69 (m, 2H), 3.67-3.49 (m, 4H), 3.34-3.28 (m, 1H), 3.04-2.92 (m, 2H).

Intermediate 98: 3-Fluoro-2-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)benzoic acid

Step A: 2-Fluoro-6-(methoxycarbonyl)benzoic acid and 3-Fluoro-2-(methoxycarbonyl)benzoic acid. A solution of 3-fluorophthalic anhydride (2.2 g, 13.27 mmol) was refluxed in MeOH (10 mL) overnight. The mixture was concentrated in vacuo and taken on to the next step without further purification.

Step B: Methyl 2-carbamoyl-3-fluorobenzoate and Methyl 2-carbamoyl-6-fluorobenzoate. To a heterogeneous mixture of the products of Step A (1.57 g, 7.91 mmol) in DCM (20 mL) at 0° C. was added oxalyl chloride (0.786 mL, 9.1 mmol) followed by 0.05 mL of DMF. The ice bath was removed after 5 min and gentle bubbling proceeded and the reaction gradually became homogeneous. An aliquot of the reaction mixture was quenched with MeOH and showed formation of the presumed methyl ester by HPLC. The mixture was then concentrated in vacuo and then recharged with fresh DCM (20 mL) and HMDS (5 mL, 23.7 mmol) was added dropwise at 0° C. The ice bath was removed after 5 min and the reaction allowed to stir overnight. LC/MS after stirring overnight at rt showed clean conversion to the desired products. MeOH was added and the reaction became very warm and a white ppt formed. The mixture was then concentrated in vacuo and this crude material was taken on to the next step without further purification.

Step C: (Z)-Methyl 2-(((dimethylamino)methylene)carbamoyl)-3-fluorobenzoate and (Z)-Methyl 2-(((dimethylamino)methylene)carbamoyl)-6-fluorobenzoate. To the products of Step B (818 mg, 4.15 mmol) was added DMF-DMA (10 mL). The reaction was aged at room temperature overnight The mixture was concentrated in vacuo to a crude yellow solid. Chromatography (0 to 100% EtOAc/Hex) afforded 187 mg of (Z)-Methyl 2-(((dimethylamino)methylene)carbamoyl)-3-fluorobenzoate and 265 mg of (Z)-Methyl 2-(((dimethylamino)methylene)carbamoyl)-6-fluorobenzoate. This material was taken on to the next step without further characterization. MS (ESI): mass calculated for C₁₂H₁₃FN₂O₃, 252.09; m/z found 253.0 [M+1]⁺.

Step D: Methyl 3-fluoro-2-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-yl)benzoate. To a solution of (Z)-Methyl 2-(((dimethylamino)methylene)carbamoyl)-3-fluorobenzoate (210 mg, 0.833 mmol) in AcOH (4 mL) was added hydrazine hydrate (0.048 mL, 0.99 mmol). Shortly after addition a white solid appeared. Over the next three days the solid slowly disappeared and when the reaction was homogeneous the reaction was complete. The mixture was concentrated in vacuo and chromatography (0 to 100% EtOAc/Hex) afforded 151 mg of the desired product. MS (ESI): mass calculated for C₁₀H₈FN₃O₂, 221.06; m/z found 222.0 [M+1]⁺. 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃): 8.22 (s, 1H), 7.66 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 7.55-7.49 (m, 1H), 7.36-7.30 (m, 1H), 3.77 (s, 3H).

Step E: 3-Fluoro-2-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)benzoic acid. To a solution of the product from Step D (145 mg, 0.656 mmol) in MeOH (7 mL) was added 2 M NaOH (1.31 mL, 2.62 mmol). The mixture was aged at room temperature for 36 h. The reaction was concentrated in vacuo and then dissolved in water and acidified. The aqueous layer was extracted with 10% iPrOH/CHCl₃. The combined organic extracts were dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated in vacuo to a white solid. MS (ESI): mass calculated for C₉H₆FN₃O₂, 207.04; m/z found 208.0 [M+1]⁺.

Example 432 2-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-{[3-fluoro-2-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Intermediate 59 substituting Intermediate 23 for Intermediate 15 and Intermediate 98 for 2-(4H-[1,2,4]triazol-3-yl)-benzoic acid. MS (ESI) mass calculated for C₂₁H₂₂FN₇O, 407.19; m/z found, 408.2 [M+1]⁺. 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃): 8.13-8.02 (m, 1H), 7.99-7.91 (m, 1H), 7.52-7.42 (m, 1H), 7.21-7.15 (m, 1H), 6.33-6.23 (m, 1H), 3.96-3.87 (m, 1H), 3.83-3.37 (m, 6H), 3.28-3.15 (m, 1H), 3.09-2.85 (m, 2H), 2.32-2.25 (m, 6H).

Intermediate 99: (2-(Hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl)-6-methylpyrimidin-4-yl)methanol

Step A: tert-Butyl 5-(4-(methoxycarbonyl)-6-methylpyrimidin-2-yl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole-2(1H)-carboxylate. To a solution of Intermediate 15 (500 mg, 2.36 mmol) in ACN (12 mL) was added methyl 2-chloro-6-methylpyrimidine-4-carboxylate (439 mg, 2.36 mmol) in one portion. The mixture was stirred at rt overnight and then concentrated in vacuo. Chromatography (0 to 50% EtOAc/Hex) afforded 616 mg of the desired product as a pale yellow crystalline solid. MS (ESI) mass calculated for C₁₈H₂₆N₄O₄, 362.20; m/z found, 363.2 [M+1]⁺. 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃): 7.05 (s, 1H), 3.94 (s, 3H), 3.91-3.80 (m, 2H), 3.69-3.56 (m, 4H), 3.38-3.24 (m, 2H), 2.97 (s, 2H), 2.42 (s, 3H), 1.45 (s, 9H).

Step B: tert-Butyl 5-(4-(hydroxymethyl)-6-methylpyrimidin-2-yl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole-2(1H)-carboxylate. To a solution of the product of Step A (527 mg, 1.45 mmol) in THF (15 mL) was added 2 M LiBH₄ (0.54 mL, 1.09 mmol). The mixture was aged at rt overnight and then quenched with saturated aqueous NaHCO₃ solution and diluted with DCM. The aqueous layer was extracted with DCM and the combined organic layers were dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated in vacuo to 489.9 mg of colorless foam. MS (ESI) mass calculated for C₁₇H₂₆N₄O₃, 334.20; m/z found, 335.2 [M+1]⁺. 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃): 6.29 (s, 1H), 4.52 (d, J=4.6 Hz, 2H), 3.91-3.78 (m, 3H), 3.69-3.51 (m, 4H), 3.37-3.23 (m, 2H), 2.97 (s, 2H), 2.34 (s, 3H), 1.45 (s, 9H).

Step C: (2-(Hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl)-6-methylpyrimidin-4-yl)methanol. To the product of Step B (532 mg, 1.59 mmol) in DCM (8 mL) was added TFA (1.6 mL). After stirring overnight at rt the reaction was concentrated in vacuo. This material was redissolved in DCM and treated with Dowex 550A resin. After stirring for 2 h the mixture was filtered to remove the resin and then concentrated in vacuo to 310.4 mg of the title compound as a colorless foam. MS (ESI) mass calculated for C₁₂H₁₈N₄O, 234.15; m/z found, 235.2 [M+1]⁺.

Example 433 {2-[5-{[2-Fluoro-6-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl]-6-methylpyrimidin-4-yl}methanol

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Intermediate 59 substituting Intermediate 99 for Intermediate 15 and Intermediate 12 for 2-(4H-[1,2,4]triazol-3-yl)-benzoic acid. MS (ESI) mass calculated for C₂₁H₂₂FN₇O₂, 423.18; m/z found, 424.0 [M+1]⁺. 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃): 7.88-7.80 (m, 2H), 7.72 (s, 1H), 7.51-7.45 (m, 1H), 7.18-7.11 (m, 1H), 6.33-6.28 (m, 1H), 4.53 (s, 2H), 4.01-3.52 (m, 8H), 3.30-3.24 (m, 1H), 3.15-2.98 (m, 2H), 2.35 (s, 3H).

Intermediate 100: 2-(1-benzyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)benzoic acid

Step A: 2-(1-benzyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)benzonitrile. To a suspension of 2-ethynylbenzonitrile (500 mg, 3.93 mmol) in 1:1 t-BuOH/H₂O (15 mL) was added benzyl azide (0.51 mL, 3.93 mmol) followed by freshly prepared 1M sodium ascorbate (0.39 mL, 0.393 mmol) and CuSO₄ (9.82 mg, 0.0393 mmol) in a small amount of water. After 12 h at rt the mixture was homogeneous and after 24 h the product began to precipitate out. After 48 h the mixture was diluted with 50 mL of H₂O and then cooled in an ice bath. The mixture was filtered and the solid washed with cold water. Chromatography (0 to 25% EtOAc/Hex) afforded 672 mg of the desired product as a white solid. MS (ESI) mass calculated for C₁₆H₁₂N₄, 260.11; m/z found, 261.0 [M+1]⁺. 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃): 8.37 (d, J=7.9 Hz, 1H), 8.33 (s, 1H), 7.73-7.66 (m, 2H), 7.44-7.31 (m, 6H), 5.62 (s, 2H).

Step B: 2-(1-benzyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)benzoic acid. To the product of Step A (653 mg, 2.51 mmol) in EtOH (6 mL) was added 2 N KOH (6 mL, 12.55 mmol). The heterogeneous mixture was heated to 115° C. for 60 h. The reaction was concentrated in vacuo to remove EtOH and was washed with DCM. The combined DCM layers were washed 2× with 1 N NaOH. The 1 N NaOH wash layer was combined with the aqueous layer and acidified with conc. HCl. The aqueous layer was then extracted with DCM. The combined DCM layers were dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated in vacuo to 618 mg of the title compound. MS (ESI) mass calculated for C₁₆H₁₃N₃O₂, 279.10; m/z found, 279.9 [M+1]⁺. 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃): 8.06 (dd, J=7.9 Hz, 1.2 Hz, 1H), 7.76 (s, 1H), 7.67 (dd, J=7.9 Hz, 1.2 Hz, 1H), 7.58-7.52 (m, 1H), 7.48-7.42 (m, 1H), 7.40-7.27 (m, 5H), 5.57 (s, 2H).

Example 434 2-{[2-(1-Benzyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}-5-(4,6-dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Intermediate 59 substituting Intermediate 23 for Intermediate 15 and Intermediate 100 for 2-(4H-[1,2,4]triazol-3-yl)-benzoic acid. MS (ESI) mass calculated for C₂₈H₂₉N₇O, 479.24; m/z found, 480.0 [M+1]⁺. 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃): 7.99 (d, J=7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.68 (s, 1H), 7.50-7.43 (m, 1H), 7.42-7.27 (m, 7H), 6.29 (s, 1H), 5.72-5.38 (m, 2H), 3.75 (dd, J=11.6 Hz, 7.4 Hz, 1H), 3.63 (dd, J=11.6 Hz, 7.4 Hz, 1H), 3.58-2.44 (m, 8H), 2.31 (s, 6H).

Example 435 {2-[5-{[4-Methoxy-2-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl]-6-methylpyrimidin-4-yl}methanol

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Intermediate 59 substituting Intermediate 99 for Intermediate 15 and Intermediate 54 for 2-(4H-[1,2,4]triazol-3-yl)-benzoic acid. MS (ESI): mass calculated for C₂₂H₂₅N₇O₃, 435.20; m/z found 436.0 [M+1]⁺. 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃): 7.73 (s, 2H), 7.50 (d, J=2.5 Hz, 1H), 7.33 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 1H), 6.95 (dd, J=8.5 Hz, 2.5 Hz, 1H), 6.30 (s, 1H), 4.53 (d, J=4.3, 2H), 3.91-3.83 (m, 6H), 3.73-3.65 (m, 2H), 3.65-3.58 (m, 1H), 3.51-3.44 (m, 1H), 3.36 (s, 1H), 3.08-2.88 (m, 3H), 2.34 (s, 3H).

Example 436 {2-[5-{[3-Fluoro-2-(3-methyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl]-6-methylpyrimidin-4-yl}methanol

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Intermediate 59 substituting Intermediate 99 for Intermediate 15 and Intermediate 63 for 2-(4H-[1,2,4]triazol-3-yl)-benzoic acid. MS (ESI): mass calculated for C₂₂H₂₃FN₆O₃, 438.18; m/z found 438.9 [M+1]⁺. 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃): 7.65-7.57 (m, 1H), 7.33-7.27 (m, 1H), 7.26-7.21 (m, 1H), 6.31 (s, 1H), 4.53 (s, 2H), 3.97-3.88 (m, 2H), 3.87-3.75 (m, 2H), 3.75-3.64 (m, 2H), 3.63-3.50 (m, 2H), 3.23-3.17 (m, 1H), 3.15-2.99 (m, 2H), 2.42 (s, 3H), 2.33 (s, 3H).

Intermediate 101: 2-fluoro-6-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)benzoic acid

(Z)-Methyl 2-(((dimethylamino)methylene)carbamoyl)-6-fluorobenzoate (218 mg, 0.987 mmol), one of the products from Intermediate 98, Step C was subjected to Steps D and E of Intermediate 98 to afford the title compound. MS (ESI): mass calculated for C₉H₆FN₃O₂, 207.04; m/z found 208.0 [M+1]⁺.

Example 437 2-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-{[2-fluoro-6-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Intermediate 59 substituting Intermediate 23 for Intermediate 15 and Intermediate 101 for 2-(4H-[1,2,4]triazol-3-yl)-benzoic acid. MS (ESI) mass calculated for C₂₁H₂₂FN₇O, 407.19; m/z found, 408.0 [M+1]⁺. 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃): 8.05 (s, 1H), 7.49-7.42 (m, 1H), 7.25-7.16 (m, 2H), 6.29 (s, 1H), 3.87-3.80 (m, 2H), 3.72-3.65 (m, 2H), 3.64-3.58 (m, 1H), 3.55-3.44 (m, 2H), 3.21-3.15 (m, 1H), 3.07-2.90 (m, 2H), 2.28 (s, 6H).

Intermediate 102: Sodium 6-methyl-3-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)picolinate

Step A: 6-Methyl-3-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)picolinonitrile. To a solution of 3-bromo-6-methylpicolinonitrile (508 mg, 2.58 mmol) in DMF (6 mL) was added triazole (0.149 mL, 2.58 mmol) followed by K₂CO₃ (392 mg, 2.84 mmol). The mixture was heated at 100° C. for 48 h. The mixture was diluted with water and the aqueous layer was extracted with Et₂O and then EtOAc. The combined organic extracts were dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. Chromatography (0 to 100% EtOAc/Hex) afforded 194 mg of the title compound. MS (ESI) mass calculated for C₉H₇N, 185.07; m/z found, 186.0 [M+1]⁺. 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃): 8.32 (d, J=8.6 Hz, 1H), 7.96 (s, 2H), 7.52 (d, J=8.6 Hz, 1H), 2.68 (s, 3H).

Step B: Sodium 6-methyl-3-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)picolinate. To a solution of the product of Step A (191 mg, 1.03 mmol) in EtOH (2.6 mL) was added 4 N NaOH (0.258 mL, 1.03 mmol). The mixture was heated at 100° C. for 24 h. The reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo to a white solid. MS (ESI) mass calculated for C₉H₈N₄O₂, 204.06; m/z found, 205.1 [M+1]⁺.

Intermediate 103: Sodium 6-methyl-3-(1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)picolinate

The title compound was isolated from the synthesis of Intermediate 102. MS (ESI) mass calculated for C₉H₈N₄O₂, 204.06; m/z found, 205.1 [M+1]⁺. 1H NMR (500 MHz, CD₃OD): 8.32 (d, J=1.1 Hz, 1H), 7.95 (d, J=8.3 Hz, 1H), 7.84 (d, J=1.1 Hz, 1H), 7.41 (d, J=8.3 Hz, 1H), 2.60 (s, 3H).

Example 438 2-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-{[6-methyl-3-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)pyridin-2-yl]carbonyl}octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Intermediate 59 substituting Intermediate 23 for Intermediate 15 and Intermediate 102 for 2-(4H-[1,2,4]triazol-3-yl)-benzoic acid. MS (ESI) mass calculated for C₂₁H₂₄N₁₈O, 404.21; m/z found, 405.0 [M+1]⁺. 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃): 8.19 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.77 (s, 2H), 7.31 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 6.28 (s, 1H), 3.96-3.86 (m, 2H), 3.76-3.56 (m, 5H), 3.25-3.19 (m, 1H), 3.11-2.98 (m, 2H), 2.63 (s, 3H), 2.30 (s, 6H).

Example 439 2-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-{[6-methyl-3-(1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)pyridin-2-yl]carbonyl}octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Intermediate 59 substituting Intermediate 23 for Intermediate 15 and Intermediate 102 for 2-(4H-[1,2,4]triazol-3-yl)-benzoic acid. MS (ESI) mass calculated for C₂₁H₂₄N₈O, 404.21; m/z found, 405.0 [M+1]⁺. 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃): 8.07 (s, 1H), 7.89 (d, J=8. Hz 3, 1H), 7.79 (s, 1H), 7.38 (d, J=8.3 Hz, 1H), 6.29 (s, 1H), 3.88-3.81 (m, 2H), 3.76-3.70 (m, 1H), 3.54-3.46 (m, 3H), 3.41-3.36 (m, 1H), 3.18-3.12 (m, 1H), 3.02-2.88 (m, 2H), 2.67 (s, 3H), 2.29 (s, 6H).

Example 440 2-{[3-Fluoro-2-(3-methyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}-5-(5-fluoro-4-methylpyrimidin-2-yl)octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

Step A: tert-Butyl 5-{[3-fluoro-2-(3-methyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole-2(1H)-carboxylate. The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Intermediate 59 substituting Intermediate 63 for 2-(4H-[1,2,4]triazol-3-yl)-benzoic acid. MS (ESI) mass calculated for C₂₁H₂₅FN₄O₄, 416.19; m/z found, 417.1 [M+1]⁺. 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃): 7.65-7.58 (m, 1H), 7.34-7.27 (m, 1H), 7.25-7.20 (m, 1H), 3.90-3.81 (m, 1H), 3.72-3.11 (m, 7H), 3.02-2.85 (m, 2H), 2.47 (s, 3H), 1.47 (s, 9H).

Step B: (3-Fluoro-2-(3-methyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)phenyl)(hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl)methanone. To the product of Step A (478 mg, 1.15 mmol) in DCM (6 mL) was added TFA (1.1 mL). After stirring 5 h at rt the reaction was concentrated in vacuo. This material was redissolved in DCM and treated with Dowex 550A resin. After stirring for 2 h the mixture was filtered to remove the resin and then concentrated in vacuo to 365 mg of the title compound as a colorless foam. MS (ESI) mass calculated for C₁₆H₁₇FN₄O₂, 316.13; m/z found, 317.1 [M+1]⁺.

Step C: 2-{[3-Fluoro-2-(3-methyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}-5-(5-fluoro-4-methylpyrimidin-2-yl)octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole. The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 290 substituting the product of Step B for Intermediate 20. MS (ESI) mass calculated for C₂₁H₂₀F₂N₆O₂, 426.16; m/z found, 427.1. 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃): 8.05 (d, J=1.8 Hz, 1H), 7.64-7.57 (m, 1H), 7.32-7.27 (m, 1H), 7.23 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 3.95-3.83 (m, 2H), 3.75-3.66 (m, 2H), 3.64-3.58 (m, 1H), 3.56-3.47 (m, 2H), 3.22-3.15 (m, 1H), 3.15-2.98 (m, 2H), 2.43 (s, 3H), 2.36 (d, J=2.5 Hz, 3H).

Intermediate 104: Sodium 5-chloro-3-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)picolinate

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Intermediate 102 substituting 5-chloro-3-fluoropicolinonitrile for 3-bromo-6-methylpicolinonitrile. MS (ESI) mass calculated for C₈H₅ClN₄O₂, 224.01; m/z found, 225.0 [M+1]⁺. 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃): 8.53-8.48 (m, 1H), 8.35-8.30 (m, 1H), 7.96-7.91 (m, 2H).

Example 441 2-{[5-Chloro-3-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)pyridin-2-yl]carbonyl}-5-(4,6-dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Intermediate 59 substituting Intermediate 23 for Intermediate 15 and Intermediate 104 for 2-(4H-[1,2,4]triazol-3-yl)-benzoic acid. MS (ESI) mass calculated for C₂₀H₂₁ClN₈O, 424.15; m/z found, 425.1 [M+1]⁺. 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃): 8.56 (d, J=2.1 Hz, 1H), 8.38 (d, J=2.1 Hz, 1H), 7.81 (s, 2H), 6.29 (s, 1H), 3.96-3.88 (m, 2H), 3.79-3.57 (m, 5H), 3.29-3.22 (m, 1H), 3.13-3.00 (m, 2H), 2.30 (s, 6H).

Example 442 2-{[5-Chloro-3-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)pyridin-2-yl]carbonyl}-5-(4,5,6-trimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Intermediate 59 substituting Intermediate 42 for Intermediate 15 and Intermediate 104 for 2-(4H-[1,2,4]triazol-3-yl)-benzoic acid. MS (ESI) mass calculated for C₂₁H₂₃ClN₁₈O, 438.17; m/z found, 439.1 [M+1]⁺. 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃): 8.56 (d, J=2.1 Hz, 1H), 8.37 (d, J=2.1 Hz, 1H), 7.81 (s, 2H), 3.95-3.84 (m, 2H), 3.77-3.62 (m, 4H), 3.58-3.53 (m, 1H), 3.28-3.22 (m, 1H), 3.11-2.98 (m, 2H), 2.32 (s, 6H), 2.07 (s, 3H).

Intermediate 105: Sodium 5-methoxy-3-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)picolinate

Step A: 5-methoxy-3-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)picolinonitrile. The product of Intermediate 104, Step A (541 mg, 2.63 mmol) was dissolved in MeOH (13 mL) and treated with 4 N NaOH (0.658 mL, 2.63 mmol). The mixture was heated at reflux for 48 h. The mixture was concentrated in vacuo and partitioned between DCM and water. The combined organic layers were dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated in vacuo to 491.5 mg of white solid. Chromatography (0 to 50% EtOAc/Hex) afforded 261 mg of the title compound. MS (ESI) mass calculated for C₉H₇N₅O, 201.07; m/z found, 202.1 [M+1]⁺.

Step B: Sodium 5-methoxy-3-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)picolinate. The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Intermediate 102, Step B substituting the product of Step A for 6-methyl-3-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)picolinonitrile. MS (ESI) mass calculated for C₉H₈N₄O₃, 220.06; m/z found, 221.1 [M+1]⁺. 1H NMR (500 MHz, CD₃OD): 8.21 (d, J=2.6 Hz, 1H), 7.90 (s, 2H), 7.78 (d, J=2.6 Hz, 1H), 3.95 (s, 3H).

Example 443 2-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-{[5-methoxy-3-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)pyridin-2-yl]carbonyl}octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Intermediate 59 substituting Intermediate 23 for Intermediate 15 and Intermediate 105 for 2-(4H-[1,2,4]triazol-3-yl)-benzoic acid. MS (ESI) mass calculated for C₂₁H₂₄N₈O₂, 420.20; m/z found, 421.1 [M+1]⁺. 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃): 8.31 (d, J=2.6 Hz, 1H), 7.81 (d, J=2.6 Hz, 1H), 7.78 (s, 2H), 6.28 (s, 1H), 3.95 (s, 3H), 3.94-3.86 (m, 2H), 3.77-3.56 (m, 5H), 3.27-3.22 (m, 1H), 3.10-2.97 (m, 2H), 2.29 (s, 6H).

Example 444 2-{[5-Methoxy-3-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)pyridin-2-yl]carbonyl}-5-(4,5,6-trimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Intermediate 59 substituting Intermediate 42 for Intermediate 15 and Intermediate 105 for 2-(4H-[1,2,4]triazol-3-yl)-benzoic acid. MS (ESI) mass calculated for C₂₂H₂₆N₈O₂, 434.22; m/z found, 435.2 [M+1]⁺. 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃): 8.30 (d, J=2.6 Hz, 1H), 7.80 (d, J=2.6 Hz, 1H), 7.78 (s, 2H), 3.95 (s, 3H), 3.95-3.83 (m, 2H), 3.75-3.61 (m, 4H), 3.57-3.52 (m, 1H), 3.26-3.21 (m, 1H), 3.08-2.96 (m, 2H), 2.32 (s, 6H), 2.07 (s, 3H).

Example 445 2-[(6-Methyl-3-pyrimidin-2-ylpyridin-2-yl)carbonyl]-5-(4,5,6-trimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Intermediate 59 substituting Intermediate 42 for Intermediate 15 and 6-methyl-3-(pyrimidin-2-yl)picolinic acid for 2-(4H-[1,2,4]triazol-3-yl)benzoic acid. MS (ESI) mass calculated for C₂₄H₂₇N₇O, 429.23; m/z found, 430.2 [M+1]⁺. 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃): 8.78 (d, J=4.9 Hz, 2H), 8.49 (d, J=8.1 Hz, 1H), 7.28 (d, J=5.9 Hz, 1H), 7.12 (t, J=4.9 Hz, 1H), 3.97-3.90 (m, 1H), 3.88-3.81 (m, 1H), 3.77-3.61 (m, 5H), 3.32-3.26 (m, 1H), 3.11-2.97 (m, 2H), 2.63 (s, 3H), 2.33 (s, 6H), 2.07 (s, 3H).

Intermediate 106: 4-(Difluoromethoxy)-2-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)benzoic acid

Step A: 4-(Difluoromethoxy)-2-fluorobenzonitrile. To 2-fluoro-4-hydroxybenzonitrile (5 g, 36.47 mmol) in DMF (17 mL) was added NaOH (1.74 g, 43.39 mmol) and sodium chlorodifluoroacetate (6.89 g, 43.39 mmol). The mixture was heated to 125° C. and vigorous gas evolution was seen for approximately 10 min. Heating was continued for 8 h and after the mixture had cooled to room temperature the reaction was diluted with water. A white precipitate crashed out and was extracted with EtOAc. The combined organic layers were washed 1× with water and then dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. Chromatography (0 to 25% EtOAc/Hex) afforded 4.92 g of the desired product as a white crystalline solid. 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃): 7.69-7.61 (m, 1H), 7.07-6.99 (m, 2H), 6.60 (t, J=71.7 Hz, 1H).

Step B: 4-(Difluoromethoxy)-2-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)benzoic acid. The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Intermediate 102 substituting the product of Step A for 3-bromo-6-methylpicolinonitrile. MS (ESI) mass calculated for C₁₀H₇F₂N₃O₃, 255.05; m/z found, 256.0 [M+1]⁺. ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃): 7.96 (d, J=8.6 Hz, 1H), 7.86 (s, 2H), 7.56 (d, J=2.4 Hz, 1H), 7.27 (dd, J=8.5, 2.4 Hz, 1H), 6.64 (t, J=72.4 Hz, 1H).

Example 446 2-{[4-(Difluoromethoxy)-2-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}-5-(4,6-dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Intermediate 59 substituting Intermediate 23 for Intermediate 15 and Intermediate 106 for 2-(4H-[1,2,4]triazol-3-yl)-benzoic acid. MS (ESI) mass calculated for C₂₂H₂₃F₂N₇O₂, 455.19; m/z found, 456.2 [M+1]⁺. 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃): 7.85-7.69 (m, 3H), 7.41 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.17 (dd, J=8.4, 2.3 Hz, 1H), 6.60 (t, J=72.9 Hz, 1H), 6.30 (s, 1H), 3.92-3.82 (m, 2H), 3.75-3.59 (m, 3H), 3.52-3.45 (m, 1H), 3.38 (s, 1H), 3.07-2.89 (m, 3H), 2.30 (s, 6H).

Example 447 2-{5-[(2-Ethoxypyridin-3 yl)carbonyl]hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl}-6,7-difluoroquinoxaline

Example 447 was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15 utilizing Intermediate 44 and 2-ethoxynicotinic acid. MS (ESI): mass calculated for C₂₂H₂₁F₂N₅O₂, 425.17; m/z found 426.1 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.28 (s, 1H), 8.24-8.14 (m, 1H), 7.68-7.58 (m, 2H), 7.43 (ddd, J=19.5, 10.0, 6.9 Hz, 1H), 6.91 (td, J=7.5, 5.0 Hz, 1H), 4.50-4.32 (m, 2H), 4.04-3.92 (m, 2H), 3.92 (s, 1H), 3.80-3.52 (m, 4H), 3.40-3.05 (m, 3H), 1.41-1.18 (m, 3H).

Example 448 2-{5-[(2-Ethoxypyridin-3-yl)carbonyl]hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl}-6-fluoroquinazoline

Example 448 was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15 utilizing Intermediate 43 and 2-ethoxynicotinic acid. MS (ESI): mass calculated for C₂₂H₂₂FN₅O₂, 407.18; m/z found 408.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.97 (s, 1H), 8.18 (dd, J=5.0, 2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.71-7.52 (m, 2H), 7.54-7.37 (m, 1H), 7.37-7.17 (m, 1H), 6.91 (dd, J=7.3, 5.0 Hz, 1H), 4.50-4.24 (m, 2H), 4.13-3.82 (m, 3H), 3.82-3.51 (m, 4H), 3.32 (dd, J=11.0, 4.9 Hz, 1H), 3.21-2.98 (m, 2H), 1.30 (t, J=7.1 Hz, 3H).

Example 449 6,7-Difluoro-2-{5-[(3-fluoro-2-iodophenyl)carbonyl]hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl}quinoxaline

Example 449 was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15 utilizing Intermediate 44 and 3-fluoro-2-iodobenzoic acid. MS (ESI): mass calculated for C₂₁H₁₆F₃IN₄O, 524.03; m/z found 525.0 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.29 (d, J=8.1 Hz, 1H), 7.63 (ddd, J=13.0, 8.4, 4.6 Hz, 1H), 7.39 (ddd, J=13.6, 9.8, 6.6 Hz, 2H), 7.13-6.98 (m, 2H), 4.10-3.47 (m, 7H), 3.34-3.09 (m, 3H).

Example 450 6,7-Difluoro-2-[5-{[3-fluoro-2-(3-fluoropyridin-2-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl]quinoxaline

Example 450 was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 235 utilizing Example 449 and 3-fluoro-2-(tripropylstannyl)pyridine. MS (ESI): mass calculated for C₂₆H₁₉F₄N₅O, 493.15; m/z found 494.1 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.37 (dt, J=4.6, 1.3 Hz, 1H), 8.28 (d, J=5.2 Hz, 1H), 7.72-7.59 (m, 1H), 7.54-7.37 (m, 3H), 7.25-7.16 (m, 2H), 3.96-3.60 (m, 5H), 3.59-3.39 (m, 3H), 3.20-3.04 (m, 2H).

Example 451 6,7-Difluoro-2-[5-{[3-fluoro-2-(1,3-oxazol-2-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl]quinoxaline

Example 451 was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 235 utilizing Example 449 and 2-(tripropylstannyl)oxazole. MS (ESI): mass calculated for C₂₄H₁₈F₃N₅O₂, 465.14; m/z found 466.9 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.29 (d, J=4.9 Hz, 1H), 7.72 (s, 1H), 7.71-7.60 (m, 1H), 7.55-7.34 (m, 2H), 7.24-7.18 (m, 3H), 4.00-3.86 (m, 2H), 3.85-3.45 (m, 5H), 3.34-3.03 (m, 3H).

Example 452 6,7-Difluoro-2-{5-[(3-fluoro-2-pyridin-2-ylphenyl)carbonyl]hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl}quinoxaline

Example 452 was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 235 utilizing Example 449 and 2-(tripropylstannyl)pyridine. MS (ESI): mass calculated for C₂₆H₂₀F₃N₅O, 475.16; m/z found 475.9 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.50 (d, J=4.0 Hz, 1H), 8.27 (d, J=12.0 Hz, 1H), 7.75-7.58 (m, 3H), 7.43 (dd, J=7.4, 5.2 Hz, 2H), 7.24-7.15 (m, 3H), 3.94-3.26 (m, 8H), 3.20-2.95 (m, 2H).

Example 453 6,7-Difluoro-2-[5-{[3-fluoro-2-(3-methoxypyridin-2-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl]quinoxaline

Example 453 was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 235 utilizing Example 449 and 3-methoxy-2-(tripropylstannyl)pyridine. MS (ESI): mass calculated for C₂₇H₂₂F₃N₅O₂, 505.17; m/z found 507.0 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.41-8.20 (m, 2H), 7.66 (dt, J=13.5, 6.8 Hz, 1H), 7.51-7.37 (m, 3H), 7.26-7.16 (m, 2H), 6.58 (d, J=5.8 Hz, 1H), 3.99-3.85 (m, 5H), 3.85-3.75 (m, 2H), 3.61-3.48 (m, 3H), 3.14-2.96 (m, 3H).

Example 454 6,7-Difluoro-2-[5-{[3-fluoro-2-(1,3-thiazol-5-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl]quinoxaline

Example 454 was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 235 utilizing Example 449 and 5-(tripropylstannyl)thiazole. MS (ESI): mass calculated for C₂₄H₁₈F₃N₅OS, 481.12; m/z found 482.1 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.81 (d, J=12.8 Hz, 1H), 8.26-8.03 (m, 2H), 7.63 (dd, J=10.4, 8.5 Hz, 1H), 7.52-7.37 (m, 2H), 7.26-7.18 (m, 2H), 3.98-3.47 (m, 5H), 3.31-2.96 (m, 5H).

Example 455 6,7-Difluoro-2-[5-{[3-fluoro-2-(1,3-thiazol-4-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl]quinoxaline

Example 455 was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 235 utilizing Example 449 and 4-(tripropylstannyl)thiazole. MS (ESI): mass calculated for C₂₄H₁₈F₃N₅OS, 481.12; m/z found 482.1 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.71 (s, 1H), 8.27 (d, J=17.1 Hz, 1H), 7.74-7.60 (m, 2H), 7.48-7.34 (m, 2H), 7.25-7.12 (m, 2H), 3.96-3.61 (m, 4H), 3.53 (dd, J=11.1, 7.4 Hz, 3H), 3.30-2.96 (m, 3H).

Example 456 6,7-Difluoro-2-[5-{[3-fluoro-2-(4-fluoro-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl]quinoxaline

Example 456 was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 235 utilizing Example 449 and 4-fluoro-5-(tripropylstannyl)-1H-pyrazole. MS (ESI): mass calculated for C₂₄H₁₈F₄N₆O, 482.15; m/z found 483.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.74 (t, J=9.0 Hz, 1H), 8.25 (d, J=23.6 Hz, 1H), 7.64 (d, J=9.6 Hz, 1H), 7.52-7.33 (m, 2H), 7.25-7.13 (m, 2H), 3.97-3.51 (m, 5H), 3.50-3.31 (m, 2H), 3.20-3.02 (m, 3H).

Example 457 6,7-Difluoro-2-{5-[(4-fluoro-2-pyrimidin-2-ylphenyl)carbonyl]hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl}quinoxaline

Example 457 was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15 utilizing Intermediates 44 and 87. MS (ESI): mass calculated for C₂₄H₁₈F₄N₆O, 482.15; m/z found 483.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.74 (t, J=9.0 Hz, 1H), 8.25 (d, J=23.6 Hz, 1H), 7.64 (d, J=9.6 Hz, 1H), 7.52-7.33 (m, 2H), 7.25-7.13 (m, 2H), 3.97-3.51 (m, 5H), 3.50-3.31 (m, 2H), 3.20-3.02 (m, 3H).

Example 458 6,7-Difluoro-2-{5-[(3-methyl-2-pyrimidin-2-ylphenyl)carbonyl]hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl}quinoxaline

Example 458 was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15 utilizing Intermediate 44 and 3-methyl-2-(pyrimidin-2-yl)benzoic acid. MS (ESI): mass calculated for C₂₆H₂₂F₂N₆O, 472.18; m/z found 473.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃) 8.74 (t, J=12.5, 2H), 8.24-8.18 (m, 1H), 7.65 (dd, J=10.5, 8.4, 1H), 7.52-7.44 (m, 2H), 7.20-7.10 (m, 3H), 3.95-3.52 (m, 7H), 3.44-3.30 (4H), 3.22-3.02 (m, 2H).

Example 459 6,7-Difluoro-2-{5-[(4-methoxy-2-pyrimidin-2-ylphenyl)carbonyl]hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl}quinoxaline

Example 459 was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15 utilizing Intermediates 44 and 88. MS (ESI): mass calculated for C₂₆H₂₂F₂N₆O₂, 488.18; m/z found 489.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.73 (t, J=6.5 Hz, 1H), 8.25 (s, 1H), 7.82 (d, J=2.6 Hz, 1H), 7.62 (dd, J=10.5, 8.5 Hz, 1H), 7.45-7.35 (m, 1H), 7.33-7.21 (m, 1H), 7.15-7.00 (m, 3H), 4.07-3.87 (m, 6H), 3.84-3.50 (m, 4H), 3.26-2.90 (m, 3H).

Example 460 6,7-Difluoro-2-[5-{[3-methyl-2-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl]quinoxaline

Example 460 was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15 utilizing Intermediates 44 and 82. MS (ESI): mass calculated for C₂₄H₂₁F₂N₇O, 461.18; m/z found 462.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.30-8.25 (m, 1H), 7.73 (s, 2H), 7.64 (dd, J=10.6, 8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.41 (tdd, J=7.7, 6.6, 4.6 Hz, 3H), 7.30-7.25 (m, 1H), 3.94-3.77 (m, 2H), 3.76-3.48 (m, 5H), 3.32 (dd, J=11.2, 4.6 Hz, 1H), 3.15-3.00 (m, 2H), 2.20 (s, 3H).

Example 461 6,7-Difluoro-2-{5-[(4-fluoro-2-iodophenyl)carbonyl]hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl}quinoxaline

Example 461 was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15 utilizing Intermediate 44 and 4-fluoro-2-iodobenzoic acid. MS (ESI): mass calculated for C₂₁H₁₆F₃IN₄O, 524.03; m/z found 525.0 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.27 (d, J=8.1 Hz, 1H), 7.62-7.58 (m, 1H), 7.36-7.30 (m, 2H), 7.10-6.98 (m, 2H), 4.06-3.45 (m, 7H), 3.34-3.14 (m, 3H).

Intermediate 107: 6-(hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl)-N,N,2-trimethylpyrimidin-4-amine

Intermediate 107 was prepared in a manner analogous to Intermediate 23 Method B substituting 6-chloro-N,N,2-trimethylpyrimidin-4-amine for 2-chloro-4,6-dimethyl-pyrimidine in Step A.

Example 462 4-{[5-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl]carbonyl}-3-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenol

(5-benzylhexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl)(4-methoxy-2-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl)methanone. To 2-(4,6-dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-{[4-methoxy-2-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole (104 mg, 0.25 mmol) in DCM (2.5 mL) was added BBr₃ (0.4 mL, 1M in DCM) and the reaction heated to reflux for 18 h. The reaction was then cooled to rt, diluted with 1N KHSO₄ and extracted with DCM. The aqueous layer was then basified to pH=7 and extracted with DCM (2×). The combined organics were dried to give the title compound (90 mg, 89%) as a white solid. MS (ESI) mass calcd. C₂₁H₂₃N₇O₂, 405.46; m/z found 406.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): 7.63 (s, 2H), 7.29-7.27 (m, 1H), 7.08 (d, J=13.5 Hz, 1H), 6.65 (dd, J=8.4, 2.3 Hz, 1H), 6.31 (s, 1H), 3.90-3.79 (m, 2H), 3.74-3.63 (m, 2H), 3.59 (dd, J=11.6, 5.1 Hz, 1H), 3.45 (dd, J=11.4, 3.9 Hz, 1H), 3.29 (s, 1H), 3.04-2.82 (m, 3H), 2.31 (s, 6H).

Example 463 2-(2,3-Dihydro-1-benzofuran-7-ylcarbonyl)-5-(4,6-dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

To Intermediate 23 (54 mg, 0.25 mmol) in DCM (2 mL) was added Et₃N (0.034 mL, 0.25 mmol) and 2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-7-carbonyl chloride (46 mg, 0.25 mmol). After the reaction was complete, the reaction was concentrated. Purification via Agilent prep system (Basic) gave the title compound. MS (ESI) mass calcd. C₂₁H₂₄N₄O₂, 364.45; m/z found 365.1 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): 7.22 (dd, J=7.3, 1.2 Hz, 1H), 7.20-7.16 (m, 1H), 6.85 (t, J=7.5 Hz, 1H), 6.29 (s, 1H), 4.59 (t, J=8.8 Hz, 2H), 3.98 (dd, J=12.8, 7.9 Hz, 1H), 3.88 (dd, J=11.6, 7.5 Hz, 1H), 3.78 (dd, J=11.5, 7.4 Hz, 1H), 3.71 (dd, J=11.2, 7.2 Hz, 1H), 3.66-3.58 (m, 2H), 3.48 (dd, J=11.5, 4.9 Hz, 1H), 3.37 (dd, J=11.2, 5.3 Hz, 1H), 3.21 (t, J=8.7 Hz, 2H), 3.10-2.91 (m, 2H), 2.30 (s, 6H).

Example 464 5-{[5-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl]carbonyl}-6-methylimidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazole

Example 464 was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 462, utilizing 6-methylimidazo[2,1-b]thiazole-5-carboxylic acid in place of 3-fluoro-2-(pyrimidin-2-yl)benzoic acid. MS (ESI) mass calcd. C₁₉H₂₂N₆OS, 382.49; m/z found 383.0 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): 7.68 (d, J=4.5 Hz, 1H), 6.81 (d, J=4.5 Hz, 1H), 6.31 (s, 1H), 4.00-3.78 (m, 4H), 3.67-3.52 (m, 4H), 3.11-2.98 (m, 2H), 2.41 (s, 3H), 2.30 (s, 6H).

Example 465 2-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-{[2-methoxy-6-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

Example 465 was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 462, utilizing 2-methoxy-6-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)benzoic acid (synthesized according to intermediate 12 using 2-bromo-6-methoxybenzoic acid) in place of 3-fluoro-2-(pyrimidin-2-yl)benzoic acid. MS (ESI) mass calcd. C₂₂H₂₅N₇O₂, 419.49; m/z found 420.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): 7.78 (s, 1H), 7.69 (s, 1H), 7.63-7.52 (m, 1H), 7.47-7.38 (m, 1H), 7.02-6.89 (m, 1H), 6.33-6.22 (m, 1H), 3.94-3.80 (m, 5H), 3.79-3.63 (m, 3H), 3.62-3.49 (m, 2H), 3.24-3.16 (m, 1H), 3.09-2.91 (m, 2H), 2.33-2.25 (m, 6H).

Example 466 #49406123#4-{[5-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl]carbonyl}-3-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenol

Step A: tert-butyl 5-(2-bromo-4-methoxybenzoyl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole-2(1H)-carboxylate. To 2-bromo-4-methoxybenzoic acid (2.0 g, 8.7 mmol) in DCM (25 mL) at 0° C. was added DMF (0.067 mL, 0.9 mmol) and (COCl)₂ (0.83 g, 9.5 mmol). After 30 min, the volatiles were removed in vacuo. The resulting residue was dissolved in DCM (10 mL, then 2×5 mL rinse) and added to Intermediate 23 in DCM (30 mL) and Et₃N (2.4 mL, 17.3 mmol) at 0° C. After 1 h, 1N KHSO₄ was added and the reaction mix extracted with DCM (2×). The combined organics were washed with 5% Na₂CO₃ (aq) and dried (Na₂SO₄). Purification via silica gel chromatography (0-5% MeOH in EtOAc) gave the title compound (2.6 g, 71%) as a white foam. MS (ESI) mass calcd. C₁₉H₂₅BrN₂O₄, 425.32; m/z found 368.9 [M-55]⁺.

Step B: tert-butyl 5-(4-methoxy-2-(oxazol-2-yl)benzoyl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole-2(1H)-carboxylate. To the title compound of Step A (100 mg, 0.24 mmol) in a microwave vial was weighed Pd(PPh₃)₄ (14 mg, 0.01 mmol) and CuI (2.2 mg, 0.01 mmol). The vial was capped and purged with N₂ while dioxane and 2-(tributylstannyl)oxazole (126 mg, 0.4 mmol) were added sequentially. Purging continued for ˜5 minutes, then the reaction was heated in the microwave (150° C., 1.5 h). The reaction was filtered through a 0.35 micron filter, concentrated and purified via silica gel chromatography (75-100% EtOAc in hexanes) to give tert-butyl 5-(4-methoxy-2-(oxazol-2-yl)benzoyl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole-2(1H)-carboxylate (28 mg, 28%) as a clear oil. MS (ESI) mass calcd. C₂₂H₂₇N₃O₅, 413.47; m/z found 414.0 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): 7.71 (s, 1H), 7.55 (s, 1H), 7.32-7.15 (m, 2H), 7.09-6.98 (m, 1H), 3.95-3.79 (m, 4H), 3.76-3.55 (m, 2H), 3.52-3.38 (m, 1H), 3.38-3.27 (m, 2H), 3.22-3.06 (m, 1H), 3.01-2.87 (m, 2H), 2.86-2.74 (m, 1H), 1.52-1.38 (m, 9H).

Step C: (hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl)(4-methoxy-2-(oxazol-2-yl)phenyl)methanone. To the title compound of Step B (28 mg, 0.07 mmol) in DCM was added TFA. After 1 h, the reaction was concentrated neutralized with 5% Na₂CO₃ (aq) and extracted with DCM (3×). The combined organics were dried (Na₂SO₄), concentrated and used in the without further purification.

Step D: 4-{[5-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl]carbonyl}-3-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenol. To the title compound of Step C (20 mg, 0.1 mmol) in MeCN (0.6 mL) was added 2-chloro-4,6-dimethylpyrimidine (14 mg, 0.1 mmol) and Hunig's base (0.033 mL, 0.2 mmol.). The reaction was then heated in a microwave reactor to 200° C. for 2.5 h, cooled to rt, concentrated, diluted with 1N KHSO₄ and extracted with DCM (2×). The combined organics were dried (Na₂SO₄) and concentrated. Purification using silica gel chromatography (5% MeOH in EtOAc) gave P1 (12 mg, 44%) as a clear oil. MS (ESI) mass calcd. C₂₃H₂₅N₅O₃, 419.49; m/z found 420.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): 7.66 (s, 1H), 7.55 (s, 1H), 7.29-7.27 (m, 1H), 7.17 (s, 1H), 7.01 (dd, J=8.5, 2.6 Hz, 1H), 6.28 (s, 1H), 3.98-3.83 (m, 5H), 3.76-3.60 (m, 3H), 3.45 (dd, J=11.6, 4.5 Hz, 1H), 3.38 (dd, J=11.0, 7.4 Hz, 1H), 3.08-2.99 (m, 2H), 2.96-2.87 (m, 1H), 2.29 (s, 6H).

Example 467 (5-(4,6-dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl)(4-methoxy-2-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl)methanone

Reactions were typically monitored by a combination of mass spec and HPLC. HPLC Conditions: Column—Agilent Eclipse XDB-C8, 5 μm, 4.6×150 mm, Flow rate—3 mL/min, Mobile phases—acetonitrile with 0.05% TFA and water with 0.05% TFA, Gradient—5% acetonitrile/95% water to 99% acetonitrile/1% water ramp over 3.8 min, then hold at 99% acetonitrile/1% water for 0.4 minutes.

Step 1: Intermediates 108a and 108b: 1-(2-Bromo-4-methoxyphenyl)ethanone (108a) and 1-(4-bromo-2-methoxyphenyl)ethanone (108b).

To a 3 L, 3-necked round-bottomed flask equipped with a mechanical stirrer, temperature probe, and nitrogen inlet were added dichloromethane (1 L), anhydrous AlCl₃ (169.27 g, 1.27 mol, 1.2 equiv), and then 3-bromoanisole (197.86 g, 1.058 mol). The heterogeneous mixture was then cooled in an ice bath to 5° C. and acetyl chloride (75.22 mL, 1.058 mol) was added drop-wise over 20 min keeping the temperature below 8° C. internally.^(Note 1) The mixture was then allowed to warm to room temperature and stirred for 1 h, during which time it became nearly homogeneous. The mixture was then poured into ice-water (600 g) containing conc. HCl (200 mL) and stirred. The organic phase was separated, and the aq. layer was washed with dichloromethane. The combined organics were washed with 1 M NaOH then dried over MgSO₄, filtered and concentrated to a clear oil that is 20:1 108a:108b by ¹H NMR (232.64 g, 96%). Note 1: In one case we observed an inferior ratio of 108a:108b of ˜6:1. We found that reaction temperature was important for selectivity in this reaction, with temperatures between 5° C. and 0° C. optimal. Data for 108a: ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.59 (d, J=8.7 Hz, 1H), 7.15 (d, J=2.5 Hz, 1H), 6.88 (dd, J=8.7, 2.5 Hz, 1H), 3.84 (s, 3H), 2.62 (s, 3H).

HPLC retention time: 2.971 min. Data for 108b: ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.62 (d, J=8.2 Hz, 1H), 7.17-7.12 (m, 2H), 3.92 (s, 3H), 2.58 (s, 3H).

HPLC retention time: 3.157 min.

Step 2: Intermediates 109a and 109b: 2-Bromo-4-methoxybenzoic acid (109a) and 4-bromo-2-methoxybenzoic acid (109b).

To a 3 L, 3-necked round-bottomed flask equipped with a mechanical stirrer, temperature probe, and heating mantle was added commercial Chlorox bleach (6% NaOCl_((aq)), 1.533 L, 1.1 g/mL, 1.359 mol, 3.48 equiv). The solution was warmed to 55° C. and 1-(2-bromo-4-methoxyphenyl)ethanone (108a) was added slowly over 30 min.^(Note 1) The reaction was exothermic and a maximum temperature of 72° C. was observed. The reaction was stirred for an additional 1.5 h at 55° C. and then cooled to room temperature. MTBE (500 mL) was added and the layers were mixed and separated. The organic was discarded and sodium bisulfite (44.7 g) was added to the aqueous layer with some accompanying off-gassing. The mixture was then neutralized with 6 M HCl_((aq)) (127.7 mL) to a final pH of less than 1. During this time a white precipitate came out of solution and some off-gassing was also noted. The mixture was filtered and washed with water (2×380 mL). The solids were then dried overnight in a vacuum oven at 80° C. to a final mass of 83.1 g. The product showed a ratio of 96:4 109a:109b. The crude product was taken up in ethyl acetate (1.454 L)/heptane (545 mL), and the mixture was warmed to 80° C.^(Note 2) The mixture was then cooled to room temperature, filtered, and washed with 1:1 ethyl acetate:heptane (200 mL). After drying on the filter the product was isolated as a white solid (66.5 g, 74%). Note 1: The bleach mixture was pre-warmed to avoid potential for accumulation and reaction runaway if 108a were added at room temperature. Note 2: The recrystallization was not completely homogeneous at reflux, presumably due to residual inorganics from the reaction. An attempted hot filtration was not successful. Data for 109a: ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO) δ 12.99 (bs, 1H), 7.82 (d, J=8.7 Hz, 1H), 7.27 (d, J=2.5 Hz, 1H), 7.03 (dd, J=8.7, 2.5 Hz, 1H), 3.83 (s, 3H).

HPLC retention time: 2.508 min. Data for 109b: ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO) δ 12.99 (bs, 1H), 7.58 (d, J=8.2 Hz, 1H), 7.33 (d, J=1.7 Hz, 1H), 7.20 (dd, J=8.2, 1.8 Hz, 1H), 3.84 (s, 3H). HPLC retention time: 2.508 min (co-elutes with 109a).

Step 3: Intermediates 110a and 110b; 4-Methoxy-2-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)benzoic acid and 4-methoxy-2-(1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)benzoic acid.

Method A: To a 3 L, 3-necked, round-bottomed flask equipped with an overhead mechanical stirrer, a thermocouple probe, heating mantle, reflux condenser, and nitrogen inlet were added 2-bromo-4-methoxybenzoic acid^(Note 1) (75.71 g, 327.7 mmol), copper iodide (5.04 g, 26.4 mmol), and cesium carbonate (213.5 g, 0.6554 mol). To these solids were added dioxane (458 mL), then water (1.8 mL, 98.3 mmol), then trans-1,2-dimethylcyclohexane-1,2-diamine (12.92 mL, 81.9 mmol), and finally 1H-1,2,3-triazole (38.0 mL, 0.655 mol). An exotherm to about 25° C. was observed upon solvent addition. The temperature further increased to 30° C. after the ligand was added. After 1H-1,2,3-triazole was added, the reaction was heated with the heating mantle to an internal temperature of 65° C. Additional self-heating to at least 85° C. was then observed. The reaction was then warmed to 100° C. and held for 2 h.^(Note 2) The reaction was cooled to room temperature and then water (1.1 L) and MTBE (1.1 L) were added. The layers were mixed thoroughly and then separated. A small rag layer was disposed of. The aq. layer was then taken to a pH of 0.15 with conc. HCl (170 mL) (added slowly! some off-gassing), extracted with ethyl acetate (2 times), dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered, and concentrated to a final mass of 75.22 g (˜75% desired).^(Note 3 and 4) The material was then taken up in a 1:1 mixture of toluene and ethyl acetate, stirred overnight, and then concentrated to 62.53 g. This crude product mixture was taken up in 1 N HCl (500 mL) and EtOAc (500 mL). The layers were mixed well and then separated. The aqueous was extracted a second time with EtOAc (500 mL), and the combined organics were concentrated to a final mass of 66.92 g.^(Note 5) This crude sample was then taken up in 670 mL of toluene and stirred at 70° C. for ˜2 h; the still heterogeneous slurry was then cooled to room temperature with stirring for 2 h. The mixture was filtered and washed with 75 mL of toluene. The filter cake was dried to provide 110a as an off-white solid (48 g, 66% yield, 95% purity).^(Note 6) Note 1: Pure, 109a was utilized. In earlier instances, the starting material employed contained a mixture of 109a and 109b. In that case, the 109b isomer does not undergo reaction and was removed during the course of product crystallization from toluene. Note 2: By HPLC, the reaction was complete after 2 h and the crude mixture contained a ˜3:1 mixture of 110a:110b. Note 3: By ¹H NMR, the material was ˜75 wt % 110a along with 14 wt % dioxane, 2.4 wt % ethyl acetate, 4.5 wt % 110b, 2.4 wt % triazole, and 1.8 wt % p-anisic acid. The improved 110a to 110b ratio relative to the crude resulted from the insolubility of 110b in ethyl acetate. Note 4: If the aqueous pH was reduced further, no triazole would be expected in the ethyl acetate extracts. Note 5: This sample was looked at by ¹H NMR and HPLC and found to be 91.7 wt % 110a, 2.3 wt % 110b, 2.2 wt % p-anisic acid, 3 wt % acetic acid, and 0.7 wt % EA. Note 6: This sample was looked at by ¹H NMR and HPLC and found to be ˜95% 110a, 3% 110b, and 2% p-anisic acid. Data for 110a: ¹H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO) δ 8.06 (s, 2H), 7.77 (d, J=8.6 Hz, 1H), 7.21 (d, J=2.5 Hz, 1H), 7.16 (dd, J=8.7, 2.6 Hz, 1H), 3.88 (s, 3H).

HPLC retention time: 2.141 min. Data for 110b: ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO) δ 8.46 (d, J=1.1 Hz, 1H), 7.94 (d, J=8.7 Hz, 1H), 7.87 (d, J=1.0 Hz, 1H), 7.23 (dd, J=8.8, 2.6 Hz, 1H), 7.13 (d, J=2.6 Hz, 1H), 3.89 (s, 3H). HPLC retention time: 1.952 min. Data for p-anisic acid:HPLC retention time: 2.23 min.

Method B: To a 1 L, 3-necked, round-bottomed flask equipped with an overhead mechanical stirrer, a thermocouple probe, heating mantle, reflux condenser, and nitrogen inlet were added 2-bromo-4-methoxybenzoic acid (25.0 g, 108.2 mmol), copper iodide (0.515 g, 2.71 mmol), and powdered potassium carbonate (29.9 g, 216.4 mmol). To these solids were added acetonitrile (400 mL), then water (5.86 mL, 324.6 mmol), and finally 1H-1,2,3-triazole (9.4 mL, 162.3 mmol). The reaction was heated with the heating mantle to an internal temperature of 81° C. and held for 75 min.^(Note 1) More copper iodide (0.515 g, 2.71 mmol) was added and the temperature was held at 81° C. for 4 h.^(Note 2) The reaction was cooled to room temperature and then water (250 mL) was added, and the acetonitrile was removed under vacuum. The pH was then adjusted to <0 with 6 N HCl (100 mL) (added slowly! some off-gassing), extracted with ethyl acetate (500 mL),^(Note 3) dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered, and concentrated to dryness. The crude sample was taken up in 80 mL of toluene and stirred at 80° C. for 1 h; the still heterogeneous slurry was then cooled to room temperature and sat at room temperature overnight. The mixture was filtered and washed 2 times with heptanes (50 mL). The filter cake was dried to provide 110a as a light tan solid (18.1 g, 76% yield, 96% purity).^(Note 4) Note 1: By HPLC, no reaction was seen after 75 min; in previous reactions, almost complete conversion was seen at this point. The source of the problem was not clear, but it may have been due to a lack of rigor in the exclusion of air. Copper (II) iodide was not a suitable catalyst for this transformation. Note 2: By HPLC, the reaction was complete after 4 h, and the crude mixture contained a ˜6:1 mixture of 110a:110b. Note 3: The first ethyl acetate extraction contained a 97:3 mixture of 110a:110b. A second extraction with ethyl acetate (250 mL) contained a ˜4.5:1 mixture of 110a:110b and was discarded. Note 4: This final product was assayed by ¹H NMR and HPLC and found to be ˜96% 110a, 3% 110b, and ˜1% other minor impurities.

Step 4: (5-(4,6-dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl) (4-methoxy-2-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl)methanone. To a 2 L 3 neck round bottomed flask equipped with a nitrogen line, thermocouple probe, heating mantle, stir bar, and outlet NaOH scrubber were added Intermediate 110a (58 g, 264.6 mmol) and toluene (461 mL). Thionyl chloride (28.95 mL, 396.9 mmol, 1.5 equiv) was then added quickly with no exotherm. The mixture was warmed to 50° C. and held for 30 min. As the temperature approached 50° C., significant off-gassing was observed. During this time, in a separate 5 L jacketed reactor equipped with mechanical stirrer and temperature probe were added toluene (230 mL), aqueous sodium carbonate (140 g in 1 L water, 1.323 mol, 5 equiv), and 2-(4,6-dimethyl-pyrimidin-2-yl)-octahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole.2HCl (77.06 g, 264.6 mmol). The biphasic mixture was cooled to 3° C. The original acid chloride solution was then added (some heterogeneity) via pipette to the biphasic amine mixture over 20 min, maintaining an internal temperature of less than 7° C. (jacket set at −10° C.). After the addition, the reaction mixture was warmed to room temp and stirred for 1 h. The two layers were then separated,^(Note 2) and the organic was dried over MgSO₄, filtered, concentrated, and reconcentrated from ethanol to a foam (108.21 g, 91.2 wt % Example 477, 8.8 wt % ethanol with trace impurities, 89% yield).^(Note 3) Note 1: The 110a employed in this reaction was ˜96 wt % desired with 3 wt % 110b and 1 wt % p-anisic acid. Note 2: After the reaction the aqueous layer was enriched in 110b, relative to 110a. This presumably resulted from the limited solubility of 110b in toluene. Note 3: The trace impurities are primarily the expected amide products from 110b and p-anisic acid, which are impurities in the starting material. Data for Example 477: ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.73 (s, 2H), 7.50 (d, J=2.5 Hz, 1H), 7.32 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 1H), 6.94 (dd, J=8.5, 2.5 Hz, 1H), 6.29 (s, 1H), 3.89 (s, 3H), 3.88-3.80 (m, 2H), 3.69 (m, 2H), 3.58 (dd, J=11.6, 5.2 Hz, 1H), 3.46 (dd, J=11.6, 4.2 Hz, 1H), 3.38-3.27 (m, 1H), 3.06-2.80 (m, 3H), 2.30 (s, 6H). HPLC retention time: 2.107 min. Trace impurity from amide formation with 110b: HPLC retention time: 1.997 min. Trace impurity from amide formation with p-anisic acid:HPLC retention time: 2.048 min.

Example 468 (5-(4,6-dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl)(4-methoxy-2-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl)methanone hydrate

To a 3 L, 3 neck, round bottomed flask equipped with temperature probe, overhead mechanical stirrer, and heating mantle was added water (1 L). To this flask was added Example 477 (168.84 g, 402.5 mmol) in warm ethanol (744 mL). Additional water (860 mL) was added and the mixture was warmed to 44° C. To the nearly homogeneous mixture were added seed crystals of Example 478.^(Note 1) The mixture was then allowed to slowly cool to 35° C. over 3 h and became filled with white solids. The mixture was further cooled to room temperature overnight and then filtered and washed with a 3:1 mixture of water:ethanol (800 mL). The resulting filter cake was dried on the filter at room temperature for 8 h to provide Example 478 as a white solid (160.5 g with 7.8 wt % water by TGA, 88%). Note 1: The seed crystals were formed by slurrying Example 477 of ˜99% purity in water. The material initially became gooey, but ultimately became crystalline. The crystallinity of the seeds was enhanced through re-slurry in 90% water, 10% ethanol. Data for Example 478: ¹H NMR (500 MHz, MeOD) δ 7.85 (s, 2H), 7.52 (d, J=2.5 Hz, 1H), 7.41 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 1H), 7.09 (dd, J=8.5, 2.5 Hz, 1H), 6.43 (s, 1H), 3.91 (s, 3H), 3.82 (dt, J=12.6, 7.7 Hz, 2H), 3.67 (dd, J=11.6, 7.1 Hz, 1H), 3.62-3.54 (m, 2H), 3.54-3.43 (m, 1H), 3.48 (dd, J=11.6, 4.0 Hz, 1H), 3.15-2.90 (m, 3H), 2.31 (s, 6H). Theoretical: C, 58.08%; H, 6.41%; N, 21.55%; (calculated with 7.82% water as per TGA). Found: C, 58.02%; H, 6.14%; N, 21.43%.

Example 469 (5-(4,6-dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl)(4-methoxy-2-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl)methanone hydrate

To a 4 mL vial containing 100 mg of Example 477 was added 1 mL of MTBE. The open vial was placed in a 20 mL vial containing 5 mL of heptane. The larger vial was sealed and vapour diffusion allowed to proceed over several weeks. Upon later re-inspection of the smaller vial, crystalline anhydrous Example 469 was found.

Example 470 (5-(4,6-dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl)(4-methoxy-2-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl)methanone hydrochloride hydrate

To a 20 mL vial equipped with stir bar, septum cap, and nitrogen inlet, were added Example 467 (1 g, 2.38 mmol), ethyl acetate (10 mL) and 6 M HCl_((aq)) (397 μL, 2.38 mmol). The heterogeneous mixture was warmed to 80° C. and ethanol (1.6 mL) was added until homogeneous. The solution was cooled to 60° C. and seeded.^(Note 1) The mixture was then cooled to 40° C. and held for 1 h and then cooled to room temperature. The resulting slurry was filtered and washed with ethyl acetate (2 mL). After drying in a vacuum oven at room temperature, the product was isolated as a white solid (815 mg, 72%). Note 1: The initial seed crystals were formed by slurrying Example 467.HCl in a mixture of ethyl acetate (primary component), ethanol, and water. The oily product became crystalline over several days.

Data for Example 470: ¹H NMR (400 MHz, MeOD) δ 7.89 (s, 2H), 7.52 (d, J=2.5 Hz, 1H), 7.41 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 1H), 7.09 (dd, J=8.6, 2.5 Hz, 1H), 6.81 (s, 1H), 4.06-3.96 (m, 1H), 3.95-3.81 (m, 5H), 3.79-3.68 (m, 1H), 3.67-3.48 (m, 3H), 3.29-3.07 (m, 3H), 2.53 (s, 6H). Theoretical: C, 55.75%; H, 5.95%; N, 20.69%; Cl, 7.48%; (calculated for a monohydrate, monoHCl salt). Found: C, 55.61%; H, 5.94%; N, 20.26%; Cl, 7.27%.

Example 471 (5-(4,6-dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl)(4-methoxy-2-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl)methanone hydrobromide hydrate

To a 3 L round-bottomed flask equipped with overhead mechanical stirrer, temperature probe, heating mantle, and reflux condenser were added Example 467 (115 g, 274 mmol) and ethanol (230 mL). 48% HBr aqueous solution (31.8 mL, 274 mmol) was then added at room temperature. The solution was warmed to 60° C. and ethyl acetate (1.15 L) was added. Toward the end of the addition, the mixture became very cloudy. The mixture was warmed to 73° C. for 30 min during which time it became homogeneous. The solution was then cooled to 50° C. and seeded.^(Note 1) The seeds did not go into solution, but no major crystallization event was observed. The mixture was further cooled to 40° C. and held for >1 h and then cooled to 38° C., at which point additional crystallization was observed. Cooled to room temperature overnight. The slurry was then filtered, and washed with 200 mL of ethyl acetate to provide the title compound as a white solid (119.97 g, 84%). Note 1: The initial seed crystals were formed by slurrying Example 467.HBr in a mixture of ethyl acetate (primary component), ethanol, and water. The oily product became crystalline over several days. Data for Example 481: ¹H NMR (400 MHz, MeOD) δ 7.89 (s, 2H), 7.52 (d, J=2.5 Hz, 1H), 7.42 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 1H), 7.09 (dd, J=8.6, 2.5 Hz, 1H), 6.81 (s, 1H), 4.05-3.96 (m, 1H), 3.95-3.82 (m, 5H), 3.78-3.68 (m, 1H), 3.66-3.48 (m, 3H), 3.29-3.07 (m, 3H), 2.53 (s, 6H). Theoretical: C, 50.97%; H, 5.44%; N, 18.91%; Br, 15.41%; (calculated for a monohydrate, monoHBr salt). Found: C, 50.79%; H, 5.09%; N, 18.74%; Br, 15.52%.

Example 472 (5-(4,6-dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl)(3-fluoro-2-(pyridin-2-yl)phenyl)methanone

(5-(4,6-dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl)(3-fluoro-2-(pyridin-2-yl)phenyl)methanone was prepared by the following method. (5-(4,6-dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl)(3-fluoro-2-iodophenyl)methanone (51 mg, 0.11 mmol) and 2-tributylstannane pyridine (57 mg, 0.13 mmol) were combined and dissolved in degassed DME then purged with bubbling N₂ for 5 minutes. The reaction was treated with Pd(PPh₃)₄ and then purged with bubbling for 5 minutes in a sealed vessel and then heated to 160 C in microwave for 90 min. Reaction was filtered through celite, concentrated and purified on 16 g SiO₂ with 0-3.5% NH₃ MeOH/CH₂Cl₂. MS (ESI) mass calcd. for C₂₄H₂₄FN₅O, 417.49; m/z found, 418.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃): 7.71-7.64 (m, 1H), 7.57-7.52 (m, 1H), 7.46 (dddd, J=8.2, 5.6, 2.8, 1.2 Hz, 1H), 7.37 (td, J=7.9, 5.5 Hz, 1H), 7.30-7.24 (m, 2H), 7.20 (ddd, J=9.0, 2.5, 1.5 Hz, 1H), 7.11 (tdd, J=8.4, 2.6, 1.0 Hz, 1H), 6.31 (s, 1H), 3.97 (dd, J=12.7, 7.8 Hz, 1H), 3.89 (dd, J=11.5, 7.7 Hz, 1H), 3.82-3.70 (m, 2H), 3.70-3.60 (m, 2H), 3.50 (dd, J=11.5, 4.6 Hz, 1H), 3.40 (dd, J=10.9, 5.4 Hz, 1H), 3.07 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 3.03-2.94 (m, 1H), 2.30 (s, 6H).

Example 473 2-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-{[4-fluoro-2-(4-fluoro-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

2-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-{[4-fluoro-2-(4-fluoro-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 472. MS (ESI) mass calcd. for C₂₂H₂₂F₂N₆O, 424.5. m/z found, 425.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): 11.56 (s, 1H), 7.50-7.38 (m, 2H), 7.32 (dd, J=8.3, 5.8 Hz, 1H), 7.07 (td, J=8.3, 2.5 Hz, 1H), 6.28 (s, 1H), 3.68 (s, 6H), 3.39 (s, 1H), 3.18 (s, 1H), 2.93 (d, J=23.7 Hz, 2H), 2.29 (s, 6H).

Example 474 2-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-{[3-fluoro-2-(4-fluoro-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

2-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-{[3-fluoro-2-(4-fluoro-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 472. MS (ESI) mass calcd. for C₂₂H₂₂F₂N₆O, 424.5. m/z found, 425.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): 11.58 (s, 1H), 7.41 (td, J=8.1, 5.3 Hz, 2H), 7.17 (dd, J=19.7, 8.3 Hz, 2H), 6.29 (s, 1H), 3.74 (dd, J=18.5, 10.8 Hz, 1H), 3.65 (dd, J=10.6, 6.8 Hz, 4H), 3.43 (s, 1H), 3.31 (s, 1H), 2.95 (dd, J=12.0, 5.9 Hz, 2H), 2.30 (s, 6H), 1.98 (d, J=18.4 Hz, 2H).

Example 475 2-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-{[2-fluoro-6-(4-fluoro-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

2-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-{[2-fluoro-6-(4-fluoro-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 472. MS (ESI) mass calcd. for C₂₂H₂₂F₂N₆O, 424.5. m/z found, 425.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): 11.74 (d, J=27.7 Hz, 1H), 7.72-7.32 (m, 4H), 7.10 (t, J=8.3 Hz, 1H), 6.27 (d, J=14.7 Hz, 1H), 4.03-3.49 (m, 6H), 3.33 (d, J=15.2 Hz, 1H), 3.07 (d, J=40.5 Hz, 2H), 2.29 (s, 6H), 2.15 (d, J=21.5 Hz, 1H).

Example 476 2-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-{[2-fluoro-6-(1,3-thiazol-2-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

2-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-{[2-fluoro-6-(1,3-thiazol-2-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 472. MS (ESI) mass calcd. for C₂₂H₂₂FN₆OS, 423.5. m/z found, 424.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): 8.84 (t, J=3.6 Hz, 1H), 8.72 (d, J=2.0 Hz, 2H), 7.67 (dd, J=6.2, 1.4 Hz, 2H), 7.61-7.55 (m, 3H), 7.42 (tt, J=8.0, 5.7 Hz, 3H), 7.16-7.07 (m, 3H), 6.28 (d, J=1.9 Hz, 3H), 3.88 (ddd, J=8.7, 8.1, 4.5 Hz, 3H), 3.84-3.73 (m, 3H), 3.69-3.56 (m, 6H), 3.56-3.41 (m, 5H), 3.40-3.29 (m, 3H), 3.19-2.91 (m, 7H), 2.86-2.77 (m, 1H), 2.29 (d, J=2.9 Hz, 16H), 1.64 (s, 5H).

Example 477 2-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-{[2-fluoro-6-(5-methyl-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

2-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-{[2-fluoro-6-(5-methyl-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 472. MS (ESI) mass calcd. for C₂₂H₂₂FN₆OS, 437.5. m/z found, 438.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): 7.61 (d, J=7.9 Hz, 1H), 7.56-7.49 (m, 1H), 7.45 (d, J=1.2 Hz, 1H), 7.44-7.34 (m, 1H), 7.17-7.09 (m, 1H), 6.28 (d, J=5.3 Hz, 1H), 4.00-3.88 (m, 1H), 3.81 (ddd, J=24.9, 11.5, 7.3 Hz, 1H), 3.74-3.61 (m, 3H), 3.61-3.46 (m, 2H), 3.22 (ddd, J=13.5, 10.9, 5.2 Hz, 1H), 3.11-2.89 (m, 2H), 2.51 (d, J=1.1 Hz, 1H), 2.40 (d, J=1.1 Hz, 2H), 2.30 (s, 6H), 1.61 (s, 3H).

Example 478 2-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-({2-fluoro-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-5-yl]phenyl}carbonyl)octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

2-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-({2-fluoro-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-5-yl]phenyl}carbonyl)octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 471. MS (ESI) mass calcd. for C₂₃H₂₂F₄N₆O, 474.5. m/z found, 475.1 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): 7.88 (s, 1H), 7.76 (s, 1H), 7.44 (ddd, J=32.0, 20.2, 9.0 Hz, 2H), 7.24-7.11 (m, 1H), 6.30 (s, 1H), 3.84 (d, J=7.5 Hz, 2H), 3.80-3.45 (m, 6H), 3.21 (s, 1H), 3.02 (s, 2H), 2.86 (d, J=32.3 Hz, 1H), 2.30 (d, J=11.2 Hz, 6H).

Example 479 2-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-{[2-fluoro-6-(2-methoxy-1,3-thiazol-5-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

2-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-{[2-fluoro-6-(2-methoxy-1,3-thiazol-5-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 472. MS (ESI) mass calcd. for C₂₃H₂₄FN₅O₂S, 453.5. m/z found, 454.1 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): 7.39-7.31 (m, 1H), 7.28 (d, J=6.0 Hz, 1H), 7.23 (ddd, J=7.8, 5.2, 0.9 Hz, 1H), 7.05 (tt, J=11.6, 5.8 Hz, 1H), 6.29 (d, J=3.9 Hz, 1H), 4.10 (s, 2H), 4.06-4.00 (m, 2H), 3.93-3.82 (m, 2H), 3.76 (ddd, J=19.2, 11.6, 7.3 Hz, 1H), 3.63 (ddd, J=16.6, 12.3, 5.0 Hz, 1H), 3.56-3.31 (m, 3H), 3.24-3.15 (m, 1H), 3.09-2.84 (m, 3H), 2.28 (t, J=2.9 Hz, 6H), 1.75 (s, 1H).

Example 480 4-(2-{[5-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl]carbonyl}-3-fluorophenyl)furan-2(5H)-one

4-(2-{[5-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl]carbonyl}-3-fluorophenyl)furan-2(5H)-one was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 472. MS (ESI) mass calcd. for C₂₃H₂₃FN₄O₃, 422.5. m/z found, 423.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): 7.47 (td, J=8.2, 5.7 Hz, 1H), 7.23 (t, J=7.4 Hz, 2H), 6.33 (d, J=17.2 Hz, 2H), 5.23-5.01 (m, 2H), 4.07-3.89 (m, 2H), 3.89-3.67 (m, 2H), 3.66-3.48 (m, 3H), 3.38 (dd, J=24.5, 13.6 Hz, 1H), 3.24 (dd, J=10.7, 5.3 Hz, 1H), 3.15-2.93 (m, 3H), 2.30 (s, 6H).

Example 481 2-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-{[2-fluoro-6-(3-fluoropyridin-2-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

2-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-{[2-fluoro-6-(3-fluoropyridin-2-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 472. MS (ESI) mass calcd. for C₂₄H₂₃F₂N₅O, 435.5. m/z found, 436.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): 8.43 (dd, J=15.9, 4.4 Hz, 1H), 7.53-7.37 (m, 3H), 7.22-7.11 (m, 2H), 6.29 (s, 1H), 3.98-3.74 (m, 4H), 3.74-3.48 (m, 4H), 3.34 (dd, J=10.7, 5.3 Hz, 1H), 3.05 (dd, J=12.5, 8.2 Hz, 2H), 2.31 (d, J=4.5 Hz, 6H), 1.63 (s, 2H).

Example 482 2-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-{[2-fluoro-6-(1-methyl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

2-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-{[2-fluoro-6-(1-methyl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 472. MS (ESI) mass calcd. for C₂₃H₂₅FN₆O, 420.5. m/z found, 421.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): 7.73-7.65 (m, 1H), 7.45 (s, 1H), 7.36 (tdd, J=8.3, 6.0, 2.5 Hz, 1H), 7.30 (s, 1H), 7.15 (d, J=1.1 Hz, 1H), 7.00 (ddd, J=10.8, 9.5, 4.6 Hz, 1H), 6.28 (d, J=3.1 Hz, 1H), 3.99-3.83 (m, 1H), 3.80-3.67 (m, 3H), 3.65-3.53 (m, 4H), 3.49-3.30 (m, 2H), 3.17-2.79 (m, 4H), 2.29 (d, J=1.8 Hz, 6H), 1.65 (s, 3H).

Example 483 2-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-{[2-fluoro-6-(4-methoxypyrimidin-2-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

2-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-{[2-fluoro-6-(4-methoxypyrimidin-2-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 472. MS (ESI) mass calcd. for C₂₄H₂₅FN₆O₂, 448.5. m/z found, 449.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): 8.45 (dd, J=8.7, 5.7 Hz, 1H), 8.17-8.07 (m, 1H), 7.44 (tdd, J=7.9, 5.7, 1.9 Hz, 1H), 7.24-7.16 (m, 1H), 6.65 (d, J=5.7 Hz, 1H), 6.52 (d, J=5.8 Hz, 1H), 6.29 (d, J=5.7 Hz, 1H), 4.03 (d, J=3.5 Hz, 1H), 4.01-3.90 (m, 3H), 3.81 (td, J=11.7, 7.2 Hz, 1H), 3.68 (ddd, J=13.1, 6.1, 3.3 Hz, 2H), 3.64-3.48 (m, 3H), 3.24 (td, J=10.4, 5.1 Hz, 1H), 3.12-2.87 (m, 2H), 2.29 (d, J=2.7 Hz, 6H).

Example 484 2-{[2-(5-Chloropyridin-2-yl)-6-fluorophenyl]carbonyl}-5-(4,6-dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

2-{[2-(5-Chloropyridin-2-yl)-6-fluorophenyl]carbonyl}-5-(4,6-dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 472. MS (ESI) mass calcd. for C₂₄H₂₃ClFN₅O, 441.9; m/z found, 452.1 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): 8.58 (dd, J=8.7, 2.1 Hz, 1H), 7.76-7.59 (m, 2H), 7.53 (dd, J=7.2, 1.2 Hz, 1H), 7.46-7.32 (m, 2H), 7.16 (t, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 6.30 (d, J=4.2 Hz, 1H), 3.95-3.74 (m, 3H), 3.74-3.43 (m, 6H), 3.24-2.88 (m, 3H), 2.31 (d, J=15.2 Hz, 6H).

Example 485 2-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-({2-fluoro-6-[2-(methylsulfanyl)pyrimidin-4-yl]phenyl}carbonyl)octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

2-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-({2-fluoro-6-[2-(methylsulfanyl)pyrimidin-4-yl]phenyl}carbonyl)octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 472. MS (ESI) mass calcd. for C₂₄H₂₅FN₆OS, 464.5. m/z found, 465.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): 8.53 (dd, J=45.3, 5.2 Hz, 1H), 7.57-7.39 (m, 2H), 7.25-7.15 (m, 1H), 6.29 (d, J=5.3 Hz, 1H), 4.07-3.90 (m, 2H), 3.87-3.46 (m, 6H), 3.20 (ddd, J=25.5, 15.0, 9.9 Hz, 4H), 2.59 (s, 2H), 2.43 (s, 1H), 2.30 (d, J=2.6 Hz, 5H).

Example 486 2-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-{[2-fluoro-6-(1,3-thiazol-4-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

2-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-{[2-fluoro-6-(1,3-thiazol-4-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 472. MS (ESI) mass calcd. for C₂₂H₂₂FN₅OS, 423.5. m/z found, 424.1 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): 8.42 (dt, J=4.6, 1.5 Hz, 1H), 7.71-7.64 (m, 1H), 7.46-7.37 (m, 1H), 7.17 (ddt, J=8.4, 5.7, 3.2 Hz, 3H), 6.30 (s, 1H), 3.86-3.70 (m, 3H), 3.64-3.49 (m, 4H), 3.29 (dd, J=10.9, 5.0 Hz, 1H), 3.04-2.90 (m, 2H), 2.30 (d, J=5.8 Hz, 6H).

Example 487 2-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-{[2-fluoro-6-(1,3-thiazol-5-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

2-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-{[2-fluoro-6-(1,3-thiazol-5-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 472. MS (ESI) mass calcd. for C₂₂H₂₂FN₅OS, 423.5. m/z found, 424.1 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): 8.76 (d, J=61.9 Hz, 1H), 8.08-7.99 (m, 1H), 7.41 (tdd, J=6.8, 5.7, 1.0 Hz, 1H), 7.36-7.29 (m, 1H), 7.19-7.10 (m, 1H), 6.30 (s, 1H), 4.00-3.72 (m, J=22.2, 18.5, 11.7, 7.4 Hz, 3H), 3.69-3.40 (m, 3H), 3.31-3.13 (m, 2H), 3.06-2.80 (m, J=33.6, 28.4, 12.2, 6.1 Hz, 3H), 2.30 (d, J=4.1 Hz, 6H).

Example 488 2-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-[(2-fluoro-6-pyridazin-4-ylphenyl)carbonyl]octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

2-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-[(2-fluoro-6-pyridazin-4-ylphenyl)carbonyl]octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 472. MS (ESI) mass calcd. for C₂₂H₂₂FN₅OS, 418.5. m/z found, 419.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): 9.33-9.05 (m, 2H), 7.73-7.48 (m, 2H), 7.33-7.20 (m, 3H), 6.31 (d, J=10.6 Hz, 1H), 3.94-3.40 (m, 6H), 3.28-3.07 (m, 2H), 3.07-2.71 (m, 3H), 2.31 (d, J=12.3 Hz, 6H).

Example 489 2-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-{[2-fluoro-6-(4-methylpyridin-2-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

2-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-{[2-fluoro-6-(4-methylpyridin-2-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 472. MS (ESI) mass calcd. for C₂₅H₂₆FN₅O, 431.5. m/z found, 432.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.44 (dd, J=17.6, 5.0 Hz, 1H), 7.48-7.36 (m, 3H), 7.18-7.05 (m, 1H), 6.92 (dd, J=5.0, 0.7 Hz, 1H), 6.29 (s, 1H), 3.92-3.72 (m, 2H), 3.72-3.42 (m, 5H), 3.25 (ddd, J=40.9, 10.9, 5.2 Hz, 1H), 3.08-2.81 (m, 2H), 2.43-2.26 (m, J=22.5, 18.7 Hz, 9H).

Example 490 2-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-[(2-fluoro-6-pyridin-2-ylphenyl)carbonyl]octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

2-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-[(2-fluoro-6-pyridin-2-ylphenyl)carbonyl]octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 472. MS (ESI) mass calcd. for C₂₅H₂₆FN₅O, 431.5; m/z found, 432.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): 8.44 (dd, J=17.6, 5.0 Hz, 1H), 7.48-7.36 (m, 3H), 7.18-7.05 (m, 1H), 6.92 (dd, J=5.0, 0.7 Hz, 1H), 6.29 (s, 1H), 3.92-3.72 (m, 2H), 3.72-3.42 (m, 5H), 3.25 (ddd, J=40.9, 10.9, 5.2 Hz, 1H), 3.08-2.81 (m, 2H), 2.43-2.26 (m, J=22.5, 18.7 Hz, 9H).

Example 491 2-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-{[2-fluoro-6-(1,3-oxazol-2-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

2-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-{[2-fluoro-6-(1,3-oxazol-2-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 472. MS (ESI) mass calcd. for C₂₂H₂₂FN₅O₂, 407.5; m/z found, 408.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): 7.85 (dd, J=11.1, 4.0 Hz, 1H), 7.72 (d, J=0.7 Hz, 1H), 7.62 (d, J=0.7 Hz, 1H), 7.49-7.40 (m, 1H), 7.25-7.13 (m, 2H), 6.28 (d, J=7.8 Hz, 1H), 4.10-3.43 (m, 8H), 3.23-2.91 (m, 3H), 2.29 (d, J=4.7 Hz, 6H).

Example 492 2-{[2-(3,5-Difluoropyridin-2-yl)-4-fluorophenyl]carbonyl}-5-(4,6-dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

2-{[2-(3,5-Difluoropyridin-2-yl)-4-fluorophenyl]carbonyl}-5-(4,6-dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 472. MS (ESI) mass calcd. for C₂₄H₂₂F₃N₅O, 453.5; m/z found, 454.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): 8.43 (d, J=2.4 Hz, 1H), 7.62 (ddd, J=8.2, 5.3, 2.6 Hz, 1H), 7.26-7.19 (m, 1H), 7.15 (ddd, J=16.0, 8.0, 2.6 Hz, 2H), 6.31 (s, 1H), 3.86-3.67 (m, 4H), 3.67-3.52 (m, 4H), 3.37 (dd, J=10.9, 4.5 Hz, 1H), 3.08-2.94 (m, 2H), 2.31 (d, J=7.7 Hz, 7H).

Example 493 2-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-{[5-fluoro-2-(1-methyl-1H-pyrrol-2-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

2-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-{[5-fluoro-2-(1-methyl-1H-pyrrol-2-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 472. MS (ESI) mass calcd. for C₂₄H₂₆FN₅O, 419.5; m/z found, 420.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): 7.31-7.26 (m, 1H), 7.15-7.07 (m, 2H), 6.55 (s, 1H), 6.30 (s, 1H), 6.08 (ddd, J=18.0, 3.7, 1.8 Hz, 2H), 3.77 (dd, J=11.6, 7.9 Hz, 1H), 3.66 (ddd, J=18.5, 12.1, 7.2 Hz, 2H), 3.51-3.43 (m, 4H), 3.26 (ddd, J=18.1, 11.2, 5.8 Hz, 3H), 2.92-2.71 (m, 3H), 2.30 (s, 6H).

Example 494 2-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-{[5-fluoro-2-(1,3-thiazol-4-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

2-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-{[5-fluoro-2-(1,3-thiazol-4-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 472. MS (ESI) mass calcd. for C₂₂H₂₂FN₅OS, 423.5; m/z found, 424.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): 8.78 (d, J=21.5 Hz, 1H), 7.79 (dd, J=8.5, 5.4 Hz, 1H), 7.72-7.64 (m, 1H), 7.59-7.42 (m, 2H), 7.22-7.09 (m, 1H), 7.07 (dd, J=8.4, 2.7 Hz, 1H), 6.29 (s, 1H), 3.86-3.72 (m, 3H), 3.63 (ddd, J=18.6, 17.3, 5.7 Hz, 3H), 3.54-3.36 (m, 2H), 3.31 (d, J=10.9 Hz, 2H), 2.95 (d, J=6.9 Hz, 2H), 2.83 (s, 1H), 2.30 (s, 8H).

Intermediates 111-113 were made using the conditions similar to those used for the preparation of Example 15.

Intermediate 111: 2-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-[(2-fluoro-6-iodophenyl)carbonyl]octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

MS (ESI) mass calcd. for C₁₉H₂₀FIN₄O, 466.3; m/z found, 467.1 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): 7.65-7.56 (m, 1H), 7.14-7.02 (m, 2H), 6.29 (d, J=3.6 Hz, 1H), 4.03-3.97 (m, 1H), 3.97-3.88 (m, 1H), 3.82 (ddd, J=11.1, 7.2, 3.7 Hz, 1H), 3.74-3.57 (m, 3H), 3.57-3.47 (m, 1H), 3.22-2.99 (m, 3H), 2.80 (s, 4H), 2.29 (d, J=3.3 Hz, 6H).

Intermediate 112: 2-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-[(5-fluoro-2-iodophenyl)carbonyl]octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

MS (ESI) mass calcd. for C₁₉H₂₀FIN₄O, 466.3; m/z found, 467.1 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): 7.75 (dd, J=8.7, 5.2 Hz, 1H), 6.97 (dd, J=8.2, 3.0 Hz, 1H), 6.87-6.79 (m, 1H), 6.30 (s, 1H), 3.93 (ddd, J=14.4, 12.2, 7.5 Hz, 2H), 3.80 (dd, J=11.7, 7.1 Hz, 1H), 3.65 (ddd, J=14.0, 12.3, 4.8 Hz, 2H), 3.56 (dd, J=11.7, 4.2 Hz, 1H), 3.49 (dd, J=11.0, 7.4 Hz, 1H), 3.18-2.99 (m, 3H), 2.80 (s, 4H), 2.29 (s, 6H).

Intermediate 113: 2-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-[(4-fluoro-2-iodophenyl)carbonyl]octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

MS (ESI) mass calcd. for C₁₉H₂₀FIN₄O, 466.3; m/z found, 467.1 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): 7.54 (dd, J=8.1, 2.4 Hz, 1H), 7.20 (dd, J=8.5, 5.7 Hz, 1H), 7.10 (td, J=8.3, 2.5 Hz, 1H), 6.30 (s, 1H), 3.93 (ddd, J=16.1, 12.2, 7.5 Hz, 2H), 3.79 (dd, J=11.7, 7.2 Hz, 1H), 3.70-3.59 (m, 2H), 3.55 (dd, J=11.6, 4.3 Hz, 1H), 3.47 (dd, J=11.0, 7.4 Hz, 1H), 3.17-2.97 (m, 3H), 2.80 (s, 2H), 2.29 (s, 6H).

Intermediate 114: tert-Butyl-5-[(3-fluoro-2-iodophenyl)carbonyl]-hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole-2(1H)-carboxylate

Intermediate 114 was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 15. MS (ESI) mass calcd. for C₁₈H₂₂FIN₂O₃. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): 7.39 (ddd, J=8.2, 7.6, 5.2 Hz, 1H), 7.10-7.01 (m, 2H), 3.89 (dd, J=12.8, 7.5 Hz, 1H), 3.74-3.48 (m, 3H), 3.48-3.27 (m, 3H), 3.12-2.85 (m, 3H), 2.80 (s, 11H), 1.48 (d, J=14.0 Hz, 9H).

Example 495 tert-Butyl-5-{[3-fluoro-2-(1,3-oxazol-2-yl)phenyl]-carbonyl}hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole-2(1H)-carboxylate

Example 495 was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 472. MS (ESI) mass calcd. for C₂₁H₂₄FN₃O₄. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): 7.79 (d, J=0.7 Hz, 1H), 7.50 (ddd, J=12.7, 8.3, 4.2 Hz, 1H), 7.31-7.16 (m, 4H), 3.81 (dd, J=12.6, 7.5 Hz, 1H), 3.63 (d, J=11.6 Hz, 2H), 3.55-3.37 (m, 2H), 3.32 (dd, J=11.3, 5.2 Hz, 1H), 3.28-3.13 (m, 1H), 3.06 (s, 1H), 2.98-2.79 (m, 2H), 1.44 (d, J=24.7 Hz, 9H).

Intermediate 115: (3-fluoro-2-(oxazol-2-yl)phenyl)(hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl)methanone hydrochloride

Intermediate 115 was prepared by dissolving tert-Butyl 5-{[3-fluoro-2-(1,3-oxazol-2-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole-2(1H)-carboxylate (129 mg, 0.32 mmol) in formic acid (2 ml) and treating with aqueous HCl (0.11 ml, 0.64 mmol) for 2 hrs. The reaction was concentrated and the crude solid used in next reaction. (ESI) mass calcd. for C₁₉H₂₀FIN₄O, 301.3; m/z found, 302.1 [M+H]⁺.

Example 496 2-(5-Fluoro-4-methylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-{[3-fluoro-2-(1,3-oxazol-2-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

Example 496 was prepared by combining Intermediate 115 (79 mg, 0.26 mmol) and 2-chloro-5-fluoro-4-methylpyrimidine (43 mg 0.29 mmol) in MeCN (2 ml) with Hunig's base (0.14 ml, 0.79 mmol). The reaction was then heated to 175° C. for 2 h and cooled to rt. The reaction was concentrated and purified on 16 g redisep (5% NH3 MeOH in CH₂Cl═) to give 2-(5-Fluoro-4-methylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-{[3-fluoro-2-(1,3-oxazol-2-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole as a light yellow solid. MS (ESI) mass calcd. for C₂₁H₁₉F₂N₅O₂, 411.4; m/z found, 412.1 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): 8.06 (d, J=1.8 Hz, 1H), 7.73 (d, J=0.7 Hz, 1H), 7.48 (ddd, J=8.3, 7.6, 5.0 Hz, 1H), 7.26-7.16 (m, 3H), 3.92-3.79 (m, 2H), 3.72-3.64 (m, 2H), 3.56 (dd, J=11.5, 5.2 Hz, 1H), 3.51-3.43 (m, 2H), 3.16-2.93 (m, 3H), 2.36 (d, J=2.5 Hz, 3H).

Intermediate 116: 2-Chloro-5-methoxy-4,6-dimethylpyrimidine

Step A: 3-Methoxypentane-2,4-dione. This material was made according to Moriatry, R. M.; Vaid, R. K.; Ravikumar, V. T.; Vaid, B. K.; Hopkins, T. E. Tetrahedron, 1988, 44, 1603.

Step B: 5-Methoxy-4,6-dimethylpyrimidin-2-ol. To a solution of the product of Step A (352 mg, 2.71 mmol) in MeOH (14 mL) was added urea (163 mg, 2.71 mmol) followed by two drops of concentrated HCl. The mixture was heated at reflux overnight and a precipitate formed. The heterogeneous mixture was cooled in an ice bath and filtered to afford 83 mg of the desired product. MS (ESI) mass calculated for C₇H₁₀N₂O₂, 154.07; m/z found, 155.1 [M+1]⁺.

Step C: 2-Chloro-5-methoxy-4,6-dimethylpyrimidine. The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Intermediate 56 substituting the product of Step B for 4,5,6-trimethylpyrimidin-2-ol. MS (ESI) mass calculated for C₇H₉ClN₂O, 172.04; m/z found, 173.0 [M+1]⁺.

Example 497 2-{[2-Fluoro-6-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}-5-(5-methoxy-4,6-dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to Example 290 utilizing Intermediate 16 and substituting Intermediate 116 for Intermediate 55. MS (ESI) mass calculated for C₂₂H₂₄FN₇O₂, 437.20; m/z found, 428.0 [M+H]⁺. 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3): 7.87-7.70 (m, 3H), 7.51-7.44 (m, 1H), 7.17-7.11 (m, 1H), 4.01-3.45 (m, 10H), 3.28-3.22 (m, 1H), 3.12-2.94 (m, 2H), 2.34 (s, 6H).

Example 498 2-[5-{[2-Fluoro-6-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl]-4,6-dimethylpyrimidin-5-ol

To a solution of Example 497 (57 mg, 0.13 mmol) in DCM (2 mL) at 0° C. was added 1.0 M BBr₃ in DCM (0.52 mL, 0.52 mmol). The ice bath was removed after 10 min and the mixture was allowed to come to room temperature overnight. The mixture was quenched with saturated aqueous NaHCO₃ solution and the layers were separated. The combined organic layers were dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. Chromatography (0 to 100% EtOAc/Hex) afforded 52 mg of the desired product. MS (ESI) mass calculated for C₂₁H₂₂FN₇O₂, 423.18; m/z found, 424.0 [M+H]⁺. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): 7.88-7.78 (m, 2H), 7.71 (s, 1H), 7.50-7.42 (m, 1H), 7.17-7.10 (m, 1H), 4.09-3.39 (m, 8H), 3.30-3.20 (m, 1H), 3.11-2.92 (m, 2H), 2.41-2.22 (m, 6H).

Biological Assays

The in vitro affinity of the compounds for the human orexin-1 and orexin-2 receptors was determined by competitive radioligand binding using [³H]SB SB674042 (1-(5-(2-fluoro-phenyl)-2-methyl-thiazol-4-yl)-1-((S)-2-(5-phenyl-(1,3,4)oxadiazol-2-ylmethyl)-pyrrolidin-1-yl)-methanone) (Langmead et al., British Journal of Pharmacology 2004, 141:340-346.) and [³H]EMPA (N-ethyl-2[(6-methoxy-pyridin-3-yl)-(toluene-2-sulfonyl)-amino]-N-pyridin-3-ylmethyl acetamide) (Malherbe et al., British Journal of Pharmacology, 2009, 156(8), 1326-1341), respectively.

The in vitro functional antagonism of the compounds on the human orexin-1 and orexin-2 receptors was determined using fluorometric imaging plate reader (FLIPR) based calcium assays.

Human Orexin 1 Receptor Radioligand Binding Studies

Chinese ovary cells (CHO) stably expressing human orexin 1 receptor (Genebank accession number NM_001526) were grown to confluency in DMEM/F12 (Gibco, Cat #11039), 10% FBS, 1× Pen/Strep, 600 μg/mL G418 media on 150 cm² tissue culture plates, washed with 5 mM EDTA in PBS (HyClone Dulbecco's Phosphate Buffered Saline 1× with Calcium and Magnesium, Cat # SH30264.01, hereafter referred to simply as PBS) and scraped into 50 ml tubes. After centrifugation (2K×G, 10 min at 4° C.), the supernatant was aspirated and the pellets frozen and stored at −80° C. Cells were resuspended in PBS in the presence of 1 tablet of protease inhibitor cocktail (Roche, Cat. #11836145001) per 50 mL. Each cell pellet from a 15 cm plate was resuspended in 10 mL, stored on ice, and vortexed for 45 sec prior to addition to the reactions. Competition binding experiments in 96 well polypropylene plates were performed using [³H]-SB674042 (Moravek Corporation, specific activity=35.3 Ci/mmol), diluted to a 10 nM concentration in PBS (4 nM final). Compounds were solubilized in 100% DMSO (Acros Organics, Cat. #61042-1000) and tested over a range of 7 concentrations (from 0.1 nM to 10 μM). The final concentration of DMSO in the reactions is equal to or less than 0.1%. Total and nonspecific binding was determined in the absence and presence of 10 μM (1-(6,8-difluoro-2-methylquinolin-4-yl)-3-[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]urea, CAS Registry #288150-92-5). The total volume of each reaction is 200 μL (20 μL of diluted compounds, 80 μL of [³H]-5B674042 diluted in PBS and 100 μL of the cell suspension). Reactions were run for 60 min at room temperature and terminated by filtration through GF/C filter plates (PerkinElmer, Cat. #6005174) presoaked in 0.3% polyethylenimine using the cell harvester (PerkinElmer Filtermate). The plates were washed 3 times by aspirating 30 ml PBS through the plates. Plates were dried in 55° C. oven for 60 min, scintillation fluid was added, and the radioactivity was counted on a Topcount (Packard).

IC₅₀ values (i.e. concentration of unlabelled compound required to compete for 50% of specific binding to the radioligand) were calculated using the GraphPad Prism software (GraphPad Prism Software Inc., San Diego, Calif.) with a fit to a sigmoidal dose-response curve. Apparent K_(i) values were calculated as K_(i)=IC₅₀/(1+C/K_(d)), where C is concentration of radioligand and K_(d)=4 nM.

Human Orexin 2 Receptor Radioligand Binding Studies

HEK293 stably expressing human orexin-2 receptor (Genebank accession number NM_001526) were grown to confluency in DMEM/F12 (Gibco, Cat #11039), in DMEM, 10% FBS, 1× Pen/Strep, 1× NaPyruvate, 1×HEPES, 600 ug/ml G418 media on 150 cm² tissue culture plates, washed with 5 mM EDTA in PBS (HyClone Dulbecco's Phosphate Buffered Saline 1× with Calcium and Magnesium, Cat # SH30264.01, hereafter referred to simply as PBS) and scraped into 50 ml tubes. After centrifugation (2K×G, 10 min at 4° C.), the supernatant was aspirated and the pellets frozen and stored at −80° C. Cells were resuspended in PBS in the presence of 1 tablet of protease inhibitor cocktail (Roche, Cat. #11836145001) per 50 mL. Each cell pellet from a 15 cm plate was resuspended in 10 mL, stored on ice, and vortexed for 45 sec just prior to addition to the reactions. Competition binding experiments in 96 well polypropylene plates were performed using [³H]-EMPA (Moravek Corporation, specific activity=27 Ci/mmol), diluted to a 20 nM concentration in PBS (5 nM final concentration). Compounds were solubilized in 100% DMSO (Acros Organics, Cat. #61042-1000) and tested over a range of 7 concentrations (from 0.1 nM to 10 μM). The final concentration of DMSO in the reactions is equal to or less than 0.1%. Total and nonspecific binding was determined in the absence and presence of 10 μM (N-[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl]-N-methylnaphthalene-1-carboxamide, CAS Registry #1089563-88-1). The total volume of each reaction is 200 μL (20 μL of diluted compounds, 80 μL of [³H]-EMPA diluted in PBS and 100 μL of the cell suspension). Reactions were run for 60 min at room temperature and terminated by filtration through GF/C filter plates (PerkinElmer, Cat. #6005174) presoaked in 0.3% polyethylenimine using the cell harvester (PerkinElmer Filtermate). The plates were washed 3 times by aspirating 30 ml PBS through the plates. Plates were dried in 55° C. oven for 60 min, scintillation fluid was added, and the radioactivity was counted on a Topcount (Packard). IC₅₀ values (i.e. concentration of unlabelled compound required to compete for 50% of specific binding to the radioligand) were calculated using the GraphPad Prism software (GraphPad Prism Software Inc., San Diego, Calif.) with a fit to a sigmoidal dose-response curve. Apparent K_(i) values were calculated as K_(i)=IC₅₀/(1+C/K_(d)), where C is concentration of radioligand and K_(d)=2 nM.

Human Orexin 1 Receptor Ca²⁺ Mobilization Assay

CHO cells stably transfected with the human orexin-1 receptor (Genebank accession number NM_001526) were grown to confluency in DMEM/F12, 10% FBS, 1×Na Pyruvate, 1× pen-strep, 400 μg/ml G418. Cells were seeded on to 96-well Packard viewplates at a density of 50,000 cells/well and incubated overnight at 37° C., 5% CO₂. The cells were dye-loaded with 4 μM Ca²⁺ dye Fluo-3AM in serum-free DMEM/F-12 with 2.5 mM probenecid and incubated at 37° C., 5% CO₂ for one hour. Cells were pre-incubated with compounds (diluted in DMEM/F-12) for 30 minutes before agonist (orexin A, 10 nM) stimulation. Ligand-induced Ca²⁺ release was measured using a Fluorometric Imaging Plate Reader (FLIPR, Molecular Devices, Sunnyvale, Calif.). Functional responses were measured as peak fluorescence intensity minus basal. The concentration of agonist that produced a half-maximal response is represented by the EC₅₀ value. Antagonistic potency values were converted to apparent pK_(B) values using a modified Cheng-Prusoff correction. Apparent pK_(B)=−log IC₅₀/1+[conc agonist/EC₅₀]. Data are expressed as mean±S.E.M.

Human Orexin 2 Receptor Ca²⁺ Mobilization Assay

PFSK cells endogenously expressing the human orexin 2 receptor were grown to confluency in RPM 11640, 10% FBS, 1× pen-strep. Cells were seeded on to 96-well Packard viewplates at a density of 50,000 cells/well and incubated overnight at 37° C., 5% CO₂. The cells were dye-loaded with 4 μM Ca²⁺ dye Fluo-3AM in serum-free DMEM/F-12 with 2.5 mM probenecid and incubated at 37° C., 5% CO₂ for one hour. Cells were pre-incubated with compounds (diluted in DMEM/F-12) for 30 minutes before agonist (orexin B, 100 nM) stimulation. Ligand-induced Ca²⁺ release was measured using a Fluorometric Imaging Plate Reader (FLIPR, Molecular Devices, Sunnyvale, Calif.). Functional responses were measured as peak fluorescence intensity minus basal. The concentration of agonist that produced a half-maximal response is represented by the EC₅₀ value. Antagonistic potency values were converted to apparent pK_(B) values using a modified Cheng-Prusoff correction. Apparent pK_(B)=−log IC₅₀/1+[conc agonist/EC₅₀]. Data are expressed as mean±S.E.M, the designation of NT means not tested.

OR 2 OR 2 OR 1 Ex # Ki (nM) Kb Ki (nM) 1 37 10 100 2 33 16 189 3 42 14 127 4 65 32 447 5 14 5 63 6 67 25 154 7 42 13 139 8 542 NT 10000 9 101 56 691 10 170 NT 6708 11 1438 NT 10000 12 46 32 4378 13 89 79 10000 14 28 9 2780 15 13 2 1824 16 300 NT 10000 17 730 NT NT 18 519 NT 1264 19 24 31 77 20 92 129 263 21 352 NT 1091 22 70 158 303 23 364 NT 677 24 415 NT 1544 25 110 99 162 26 8999 NT NT 27 740 NT NT 28 575 NT 1787 29 135 NT 1009 30 790 NT NT 31 425 NT 651 32 47 32 8999 33 250 NT 488 34 79 NT 143 35 722 NT 4370 36 449 NT 1459 37 181 NT 137 38 515 NT 887 39 8999 NT 10000 40 559 NT 1433 41 356 NT 2512 42 616 NT 5000 43 7 10 422 44 142 63 10000 45 36 10 723 46 132 NT 294 47 38 32 1124 48 716 NT 10000 49 78 32 1692 50 215 NT 10000 51 644 NT 10000 52 65 50 8999 53 5000 NT 10000 54 769 NT 5000 55 744 NT 8999 56 80 40 800 57 167 NT 2323 58 227 NT 5000 59 778 NT 8999 60 173 NT 2644 61 224 NT 2272 62 42 40 689 63 44 20 2171 64 579 NT 10000 65 228 NT 207 66 449 NT 415 67 119 NT 10000 68 13 16 225 69 17 8 3082 70 52 40 2630 71 1000 NT 10000 72 318 NT 8999 73 7 5 69 74 14 10 4275 75 119 32 9226 76 237 NT 10000 77 25 16 547 78 550 NT 10000 79 480 NT 8999 80 314 NT 8999 81 1223 NT 6708 82 379 NT 10000 83 12 4 1766 84 53 25 1322 85 98 63 1162 86 256 NT 2603 87 509 NT 10000 88 75 25 8999 89 452 NT 10000 90 38 25 1734 91 541 NT 10000 92 766 NT 8999 93 64 40 5000 94 551 NT 847 95 215 NT 774 96 68 50 2429 97 25 16 354 98 28 10 275 99 15 16 180 100 238 NT 10000 101 48 25 4234 102 17 6 463 103 38 32 2280 104 42 25 3604 105 20 20 2451 106 26 20 212 107 9 2 868 108 57 25 80 109 46 25 65 110 52 32 350 111 28 16 153 112 95 20 122 113 50 63 90 114 224 NT 3061 115 5000 NT 10000 116 22 13 61 117 24 8 42 118 19 5 1843 119 51 13 3568 120 71 13 2867 121 15 13 42 122 865 NT 10000 123 44 79 10000 124 422 NT 10000 125 901 NT 8999 126 95 100 75 127 55 20 40 128 18 4 1250 129 111 100 1538 130 32 16 3438 131 75 79 131 132 125 79 7071 133 291 NT 390 134 102 12 2722 135 90 40 10000 136 104 50 8999 137 50 25 891 138 30 40 231 139 63 63 83 140 119 NT 1538 141 1034 NT 415 142 315 NT 2318 143 81 79 150 144 87 63 537 145 45 32 70 146 27 16 137 147 85 63 2946 148 129 NT 947 149 173 NT 142 150 92 40 5000 151 184 NT 504 152 125 NT 10000 153 75 40 2645 154 241 NT 9654 155 33 16 8999 156 39 16 5000 157 69 16 5000 158 55 8 5000 159 45 8 2447 160 58 20 659 161 46 7 5317 162 43 5 5000 163 380 501 NT 164 289 200 722 165 852 NT 4637 166 465 NT 752 167 411 631 2803 168 66 126 851 169 595 NT 1784 170 945 NT NT 171 780 NT NT 172 450 NT NT 173 950 NT NT 174 729 NT NT 175 669 NT 1391 176 236 158 923 177 339 NT NT 178 123 126 762 179 8999 NT NT 180 2300 NT NT 181 3564 NT 8999 182 2198 NT 10000 183 5000 NT NT 184 1037 NT 879 185 8999 NT NT 186 10000 NT NT 187 2283 NT NT 188 2608 NT NT 189 1600 NT NT 190 1300 NT 5000 191 2658 NT NT 192 1015 NT NT 193 1156 NT 814 194 10000 NT NT 195 1099 NT 646 196 10000 NT NT 197 1163 NT NT 198 1312 NT 2012 199 3777 NT NT 200 10000 NT 10000 201 1372 NT 10000 202 5000 NT 10000 203 5000 NT 10000 204 50 20 169 205 3189 NT 10000 206 1266 NT 10000 207 8999 NT 10000 208 2100 NT 10000 209 8999 NT 10000 210 3000 NT 10000 211 44 25 10000 212 33 32 5000 213 56 50 10000 214 1227 NT 1077 215 5000 NT 10000 216 NT NT NT 217 NT NT NT 218 NT NT NT 219 404 NT 10000 220 500 NT 10000 221 2211 NT 10000 222 3621 NT 10000 223 340 NT 10000 224 635 NT 10000 225 423 NT 10000 226 836 NT 10000 227 1472 NT 10000 228 184 NT 10000 229 319 NT 10000 230 254 NT 10000 231 68 7 1613 232 52 7 2078 233 2100 NT 10000 234 10000 NT 10000 235 560 NT 10000 236 10000 NT 10000 237 69 18 8247 238 243 NT 10000 239 7 4 173 240 7 3 460 241 17 7 978 242 39 13 633 243 16 6 358 244 18 5 660 245 58 15 369 246 11 11 208 247 650 NT 4399 248 170 NT 1400 249 NT NT NT 250 NT NT NT 251 25 2 1470 252 10000 NT 10000 253 5000 NT 10000 254 2200 NT 10000 255 10000 NT 10000 256 10000 NT 10000 257 19 5 1843 258 46 25 927 259 8 3 335 260 90 16 8999 261 477 NT 10000 262 500 NT 10000 263 10000 NT 10000 264 10000 NT 10000 265 8999 NT 10000 266 127 NT 8999 267 10000 NT 10000 268 265 NT 10000 269 10000 NT 10000 270 1033 NT 10000 271 5000 NT 10000 272 33 7 598 273 5000 NT 10000 274 61 16 8999 275 487 NT 10000 276 2947 NT 10000 277 680 NT 10000 278 2274 NT 10000 279 23 10 1603 280 41 63 71 281 8999 NT 10000 282 858 NT 1436 283 10 2 978 284 8 2 587 285 1500 NT 10000 286 10000 NT 10000 287 1400 NT 10000 288 11 3 1606 289 1800 NT 10000 290 19 7 2150 291 266 NT 10000 292 428 NT 10000 293 19 79 2186 294 4 3 125 295 24 10 1100 296 9 3 235 297 6 NT 261 298 9 NT 160 299 15 NT 389 300 290 NT 2800 301 36 20 114 302 17 8 173 303 1700 NT 10000 304 3100 NT 10000 305 7 NT 775 306 39 13 2300 307 10000 NT 10000 308 26 5 1743 309 7 6 414 310 64 15 4996 311 7 3 312 312 79 11 3472 313 7 3 128 314 13 4 958 315 38 10 2837 316 10 8 306 317 3 3 34 318 5 3 89 319 18 7 537 320 4 2 54 321 29 10 816 322 10 5 378 323 25 4 2474 324 16 4 388 325 16 2 1662 326 8 4 151 327 103 50 5500 328 112 40 6345 329 10000 NT 10000 330 10000 NT 10000 331 81 32 3791 332 114 63 10000 333 10000 NT 10000 334 277 NT 10000 335 59 NT 3200 336 288 NT 10000 337 513 NT 10000 338 1604 NT 10000 339 8999 NT 10000 340 1521 NT 10000 341 10000 NT 10000 342 9486 NT 10000 343 36 NT 2900 344 1500 NT 10000 345 NT NT NT 346 25 NT 1800 347 3100 NT 10000 348 NT NT NT 349 10000 NT 10000 350 NT NT NT 351 1200 NT 10000 352 10000 NT 3111 353 10000 NT 10000 354 NT NT NT 355 10000 NT 10000 356 10000 NT 10000 357 NT NT NT 358 230 NT 10000 359 180 NT 10000 360 NT NT NT 361 4399 NT 10000 362 1800 NT 2700 363 NT NT NT 364 NT NT NT 365 NT NT NT 366 23 NT 1900 367 15 3 839 368 NT NT NT 369 19 NT 1200 370 84 7 7874 371 3400 NT 10000 372 109 NT 8000 373 42 5 10000 374 73 12 1049 375 21 4 3186 376 17 NT 1591 377 17 2 2186 378 10 2 508 379 9 5 202 380 15 5 2039 381 10000 NT 10000 382 14 3 854 383 13 4 920 384 10 5 1385 385 42 8 3688 386 940 NT 10000 387 16 9 437 388 30 NT 694 389 22 14 492 390 190 NT 10000 391 28 NT 1200 392 NT NT NT 393 NT NT NT 394 NT NT NT 395 NT NT NT 396 NT NT NT 397 NT NT NT 398 NT NT NT 399 570 NT 10000 400 510 NT 10000 401 830 NT 10000 402 120 NT 10000 403 180 NT 10000 404 19 NT 1200 405 NT NT NT 406 NT NT NT 407 NT NT NT 408 NT NT NT 409 NT NT NT 410 NT NT NT 411 NT NT NT 412 NT NT NT 413 9000 NT 10000 414 897 NT 10000 415 334 NT 8999 416 164 NT 5000 417 62 NT 1013 418 55 NT 741 419 1071 NT 10000 420 1346 NT 10000 421 108 NT 5916 422 1052 NT 10000 423 182 NT 2856 424 1159 NT 10000 425 85 NT 1236 426 36 NT 166 427 79 NT 1258 428 244 NT 3160 429 764 NT 8999 430 270 NT 5000 431 18 NT 1876 432 23 NT 3094 433 30 8 2926 434 394 NT 1519 435 24 NT 3973 436 21 NT 2435 437 270 NT 10000 438 558 NT 10000 439 10000 NT 10000 440 64 15 4996 441 103 NT 3320 442 26 NT 1130 443 86 NT 10000 444 20 NT 2351 445 27 NT 1103 446 72 NT 6708 447 580 NT 5899 448 340 NT 4399 449 160 NT 1500 450 36 NT 922 451 29 NT 630 452 26 NT 692 453 47 NT 2773 454 72 NT 245 455 32 NT 357 456 31 NT 453 457 NT NT NT 458 NT NT NT 459 38 NT 207 460 109 NT 2765 461 NT NT NT 462 18 NT 1487 463 4000 NT 10000 464 3900 NT 10000 465 33 NT 2355 466 13 NT 1052 467 11 6 1606 468 11 6 1606 469 11 6 1606 470 11 6 1606 471 11 6 1606 472 15 3 1085 473 6 NT 397 474 13 NT 1324 475 9 NT 508 476 15 NT 1390 477 19 NT 269 478 49 NT 4222 479 524 NT 8999 480 3814 NT 10000 481 24 NT 1497 482 30 NT 1342 483 11 NT 284 484 230 NT 2400 485 84 NT 9219 486 15 NT 1296 487 54 NT 3046 488 10000 NT 10000 489 45 NT 3698 490 18 NT 914 491 16 NT 926 492 800 NT 10000 493 10000 NT 10000 494 180 NT 10000 495 NT NT NT 496 26 NT 1729 497 7 NT 43 498 17 NT 1456

Powder X-Ray Diffraction [5-(4,6-Dimethyl-pyrimidin-2-yl)-hexahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2-yl]-(2-fluoro-6-[1,2,3]triazol-2-yl-phenyl)-methanone

Powder X-Ray Diffraction of the reference compound was performed on a Philips X'PERT PRO with X'Celerator Cu detector equipped with a real time multiple strips X-ray detection technology to obtain the X-ray powder patterns in FIG. 1. The samples were scanned from 4° to 40° 2θ at a step size 0.0167° 2θ and a time per step of 29.8450 seconds. The tube voltage and current were 45 kV and 40 mA, respectively. The samples were placed onto zero background holders and analyzed on a spinning stage. 

What is claimed is:
 1. A chemical entity selected from the group consisting of: 2-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-{[3-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]carbonyl}octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole; 2-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-[(3-ethoxy-6-methylpyridin-2-yl)carbonyl]octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole; 2-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-[(2-ethoxypyridin-3-yl)carbonyl]octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole; 6-[5-{[3-Fluoro-2-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl]-N,N,2-trimethylpyrimidin-4-amine; 6-[5-{[4-Fluoro-2-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl]-N,N,2-trimethylpyrimidin-4-amine; 6-[5-{[2-Fluoro-6-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl]-N,N,2-trimethylpyrimidin-4-amine; 2-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-[(6-methyl-3-propoxypyridin-2-yl)carbonyl]octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole; 6-{5-[(3-Ethoxy-6-methylpyridin-2-yl)carbonyl]hexahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl}-N,N,2-trimethylpyrimidin-4-amine; 2-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-[(6-methyl-3-pyrimidin-2-ylpyridin-2-yl)carbonyl]octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole; 2-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-{[6-methyl-3-(5-methyl-1,3-oxazol-2-yl)pyridin-2-yl]carbonyl}octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole; 6-[5-{[5-Methoxy-2-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl]-N,N,2-trimethylpyrimidin-4-amine; N,N,2-Trimethyl-6-{5-[(6-methyl-3-propoxypyridin-2-yl)carbonyl]hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl}pyrimidin-4-amine; 6-{5-[(5-Fluoro-2-pyrimidin-2-ylphenyl)carbonyl]hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl}-N,N,2-trimethylpyrimidin-4-amine; 6-{5-[(2-Fluoro-6-pyrimidin-2-ylphenyl)carbonyl]hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl}-N,N,2-trimethylpyrimidin-4-amine; 6-{5-[(3-Fluoro-2-pyrimidin-2-ylphenyl)carbonyl]hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl}-N,N,2-trimethylpyrimidin-4-amine; N,N,2-Trimethyl-6-{5-[(6-methyl-3-pyrimidin-2-ylpyridin-2-yl)carbonyl]hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl}pyrimidin-4-amine; N,N,2-Trimethyl-6-[5-{[6-methyl-3-(5-methyl-1,3-oxazol-2-yl)pyridin-2-yl]carbonyl}hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl]pyrimidin-4-amine; N,N,2-Trimethyl-6-{5-[(5-methyl-2-propoxyphenyl)carbonyl]hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl}pyrimidin-4-amine; 2-{4,6-Bis[(2H3)methyl](2H)pyrimidin-2-yl}-5-[(3-fluoro-2-pyrimidin-2-ylphenyl)carbonyl]octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole; 2-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-{[3-fluoro-2-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole; {2-[5-{[2-Fluoro-6-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl]-6-methylpyrimidin-4-yl}methanol; 2-{[2-(1-Benzyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}-5-(4,6-dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole; {2-[5-{[4-Methoxy-2-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl]-6-methylpyrimidin-4-yl}methanol; {2-[5-{[3-Fluoro-2-(3-methyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl]-6-methylpyrimidin-4-yl}methanol; 2-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-{[2-fluoro-6-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole; 2-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-{[6-methyl-3-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)pyridin-2-yl]carbonyl}octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole; 2-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-{[6-methyl-3-(1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)pyridin-2-yl]carbonyl}octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole; 2-{[3-Fluoro-2-(3-methyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}-5-(5-fluoro-4-methylpyrimidin-2-yl)octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole; 2-{[5-Chloro-3-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)pyridin-2-yl]carbonyl}-5-(4,6-dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole; 2-{[5-Chloro-3-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)pyridin-2-yl]carbonyl}-5-(4,5,6-trimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole; 2-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-{[5-methoxy-3-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)pyridin-2-yl]carbonyl}octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole; 2-{[5-Methoxy-3-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)pyridin-2-yl]carbonyl}-5-(4,5,6-trimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole; 2-[(6-Methyl-3-pyrimidin-2-ylpyridin-2-yl)carbonyl]-5-(4,5,6-trimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole; 2-{[4-(Difluoromethoxy)-2-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}-5-(4,6-dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole; 2-{5-[(2-Ethoxypyridin-3-yl)carbonyl]hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl}-6,7-difluoroquinoxaline; 2-{5-[(2-Ethoxypyridin-3-yl)carbonyl]hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl}-6-fluoroquinazoline; 6,7-Difluoro-2-{5-[(3-fluoro-2-iodophenyl)carbonyl]hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl}quinoxaline; 6,7-Difluoro-2-[5-{[3-fluoro-2-(3-fluoropyridin-2-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl]quinoxaline; 6,7-Difluoro-2-[5-{[3-fluoro-2-(1,3-oxazol-2-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl]quinoxaline; 6,7-Difluoro-2-{5-[(3-fluoro-2-pyridin-2-ylphenyl)carbonyl]hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl}quinoxaline; 6,7-Difluoro-2-[5-{[3-fluoro-2-(3-methoxypyridin-2-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl]quinoxaline; 6,7-Difluoro-2-[5-{[3-fluoro-2-(1,3-thiazol-5-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl]quinoxaline; 6,7-Difluoro-2-[5-{[3-fluoro-2-(1,3-thiazol-4-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl]quinoxaline; 6,7-Difluoro-2-[5-{[3-fluoro-2-(4-fluoro-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl]quinoxaline; 6,7-Difluoro-2-{5-[(4-fluoro-2-pyrimidin-2-ylphenyl)carbonyl]hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl}quinoxaline; 6,7-Difluoro-2-{5-[(3-methyl-2-pyrimidin-2-ylphenyl)carbonyl]hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl}quinoxaline; 6,7-Difluoro-2-{5-[(4-methoxy-2-pyrimidin-2-ylphenyl)carbonyl]hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl}quinoxaline; 6,7-Difluoro-2-[5-{[3-methyl-2-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl]quinoxaline; 6,7-Difluoro-2-{5-[(4-fluoro-2-iodophenyl)carbonyl]hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl}quinoxaline; 4-{[5-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl]carbonyl}-3-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenol; 2-(2,3-Dihydro-1-benzofuran-7-ylcarbonyl)-5-(4,6-dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole; 5-{[5-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl]carbonyl}-6-methylimidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazole; 2-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-{[2-methoxy-6-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole; 4-{[5-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl]carbonyl}-3-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenol; (5-(4,6-dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl)(3-fluoro-2-(pyridin-2-yl)phenyl)methanone; 2-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-{[4-fluoro-2-(4-fluoro-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole; 2-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-{[3-fluoro-2-(4-fluoro-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole; 2-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-{[2-fluoro-6-(4-fluoro-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole; 2-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-{[2-fluoro-6-(1,3-thiazol-2-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole; 2-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-{[2-fluoro-6-(5-methyl-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole; 2-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-({2-fluoro-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-5-yl]phenyl}carbonyl)octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole; 2-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-{[2-fluoro-6-(2-methoxy-1,3-thiazol-5-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole; 4-(2-{[5-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl]carbonyl}-3-fluorophenyl)furan-2(5H)-one; 2-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-{[2-fluoro-6-(3-fluoropyridin-2-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole; 2-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-{[2-fluoro-6-(1-methyl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole; 2-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-{[2-fluoro-6-(4-methoxypyrimidin-2-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole; 2-{[2-(5-Chloropyridin-2-yl)-6-fluorophenyl]carbonyl}-5-(4,6-dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole; 2-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-({2-fluoro-6-[2-(methylsulfanyl)pyrimidin-4-yl]phenyl}carbonyl)octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole; 2-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-{[2-fluoro-6-(1,3-thiazol-4-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole; 2-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-{[2-fluoro-6-(1,3-thiazol-5-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole; 2-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-[(2-fluoro-6-pyridazin-4-ylphenyl)carbonyl]octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole; 2-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-{[2-fluoro-6-(4-methylpyridin-2-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole; 2-{[2-(3,5-Difluoropyridin-2-yl)-4fluorophenyl]carbonyl}-5-(4,6-dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole; 2-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-{[5-fluoro-2-(1-methyl-1H-pyrrol-2-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole; 2-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-{[5-fluoro-2-(1,3-thiazol-4-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole; tert-Butyl-5-{[3-fluoro-2-(1,3-oxazol-2-yl)phenyl]-carbonyl}hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole-2(1H)-carboxylate; 2-(5-Fluoro-4-methylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-{[3-fluoro-2-(1,3-oxazol-2-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole; 2-{[2-Fluoro-6-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}-5-(5-methoxy-4,6-dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole; and 2-[5-{[2-Fluoro-6-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl]-4,6-dimethylpyrimidin-5-ol; or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
 2. A chemical entity defined in claim 1, wherein the chemical entity is selected from the group consisting of: 2-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-{[3-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]carbonyl}octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole; 2-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-[(3-ethoxy-6-methylpyridin-2-yl)carbonyl]octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole; 2-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-[(2-ethoxypyridin-3-yl)carbonyl]octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole; 6-[5-{[3-Fluoro-2-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl]-N,N,2-trimethylpyrimidin-4-amine; 6-[5-{[4-Fluoro-2-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl]-N,N,2-trimethylpyrimidin-4-amine; 6-[5-{[2-Fluoro-6-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl]-N,N,2-trimethylpyrimidin-4-amine; 2-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-[(6-methyl-3-propoxypyridin-2-yl)carbonyl]octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole; 6-{5-[(3-Ethoxy-6-methylpyridin-2-yl)carbonyl]hexahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl}-N,N,2-trimethylpyrimidin-4-amine; 2-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-[(6-methyl-3-pyrimidin-2-ylpyridin-2-yl)carbonyl]octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole; 6-[5-{[5-Methoxy-2-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl]-N,N,2-trimethylpyrimidin-4-amine; N,N,2-Trimethyl-6-{5-[(6-methyl-3-propoxypyridin-2-yl)carbonyl]hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl}pyrimidin-4-amine; 6-{5-[(5-Fluoro-2-pyrimidin-2-ylphenyl)carbonyl]hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl}-N,N,2-trimethylpyrimidin-4-amine; 6-{5-[(2-Fluoro-6-pyrimidin-2-ylphenyl)carbonyl]hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl}-N,N,2-trimethylpyrimidin-4-amine; 6-{5-[(3-Fluoro-2-pyrimidin-2-ylphenyl)carbonyl]hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl}-N,N,2-trimethylpyrimidin-4-amine; N,N,2-Trimethyl-6-{5-[(6-methyl-3-pyrimidin-2-ylpyridin-2-yl)carbonyl]hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl}pyrimidin-4-amine; N,N,2-Trimethyl-6-{5-[(5-methyl-2-propoxyphenyl)carbonyl]hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl}pyrimidin-4-amine; 2-{4,6-Bis[(2H3)methyl](2H)pyrimidin-2-yl}-5-[(3-fluoro-2-pyrimidin-2-ylphenyl)carbonyl]octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole; 2-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-{[3-fluoro-2-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole; {2-[5-{[2-Fluoro-6-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl]-6-methylpyrimidin-4-yl}methanol; {2-[5-{[4-Methoxy-2-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl]-6-methylpyrimidin-4-yl}methanol; {2-[5-{[3-Fluoro-2-(3-methyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl]-6-methylpyrimidin-4-yl}methanol; 2-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-{[2-fluoro-6-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole; 2-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-{[6-methyl-3-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)pyridin-2-yl]carbonyl}octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole; 2-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-{[6-methyl-3-(1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)pyridin-2-yl]carbonyl}octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole; 2-{[3-Fluoro-2-(3-methyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}-5-(5-fluoro-4-methylpyrimidin-2-yl)octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole; 2-[(6-Methyl-3-pyrimidin-2-ylpyridin-2-yl)carbonyl]-5-(4,5,6-trimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole; 2-{5-[(2-Ethoxypyridin-3-yl)carbonyl]hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl}-6,7-difluoroquinoxaline; 2-{5-[(2-Ethoxypyridin-3-yl)carbonyl]hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl}-6-fluoroquinazoline; 6,7-Difluoro-2-{5-[(3-fluoro-2-iodophenyl)carbonyl]hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl}quinoxaline; 6,7-Difluoro-2-[5-{[3-fluoro-2-(3-fluoropyridin-2-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl]quinoxaline; 6,7-Difluoro-2-[5-{[3-fluoro-2-(1,3-oxazol-2-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl]quinoxaline; 6,7-Difluoro-2-{5-[(3-fluoro-2-pyridin-2-ylphenyl)carbonyl]hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl}quinoxaline; 6,7-Difluoro-2-[5-{[3-fluoro-2-(3-methoxypyridin-2-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl]quinoxaline; 6,7-Difluoro-2-[5-{[3-fluoro-2-(4-fluoro-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl]quinoxaline; 6,7-Difluoro-2-{5-[(4-fluoro-2-pyrimidin-2-ylphenyl)carbonyl]hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl}quinoxaline; 6,7-Difluoro-2-{5-[(3-methyl-2-pyrimidin-2-ylphenyl)carbonyl]hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl}quinoxaline; 6,7-Difluoro-2-{5-[(4-methoxy-2-pyrimidin-2-ylphenyl)carbonyl]hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl}quinoxaline; 6,7-Difluoro-2-[5-{[3-methyl-2-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl]quinoxaline; 6,7-Difluoro-2-{5-[(4-fluoro-2-iodophenyl)carbonyl]hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl}quinoxaline; 2-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-{[2-methoxy-6-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole; 4-{[5-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl]carbonyl}-3-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenol; (5-(4,6-dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl)(3-fluoro-2-(pyridin-2-yl)phenyl)methanone; 2-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-{[4-fluoro-2-(4-fluoro-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole; 2-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-{[3-fluoro-2-(4-fluoro-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole; 2-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-{[2-fluoro-6-(4-fluoro-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole; 2-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-{[2-fluoro-6-(3-fluoropyridin-2-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole; 2-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-{[2-fluoro-6-(1-methyl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole; 2-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-[(2-fluoro-6-pyridazin-4-ylphenyl)carbonyl]octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole; 2-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-{[2-fluoro-6-(4-methylpyridin-2-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole; 2-{[2-(3,5-Difluoropyridin-2-yl)-4fluorophenyl]carbonyl}-5-(4,6-dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole; 2-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-{[5-fluoro-2-(1-methyl-1H-pyrrol-2-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole; 2-(5-Fluoro-4-methylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-{[3-fluoro-2-(1,3-oxazol-2-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole; 2-{[2-Fluoro-6-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}-5-(5-methoxy-4,6-dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole; and 2-[5-{[2-Fluoro-6-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl]-4,6-dimethylpyrimidin-5-ol; or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
 3. A chemical entity defined in claim 1, wherein the chemical entity is selected from the group consisting of: 2-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-{[6-methyl-3-(5-methyl-1,3-oxazol-2-yl)pyridin-2-yl]carbonyl}octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole; N,N,2-Trimethyl-6-[5-{[6-methyl-3-(5-methyl-1,3-oxazol-2-yl)pyridin-2-yl]carbonyl}hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl]pyrimidin-4-amine; 2-{[2-(1-Benzyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}-5-(4,6-dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole; 2-{[5-Chloro-3-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)pyridin-2-yl]carbonyl}-5-(4,6-dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole; 2-{[5-Chloro-3-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)pyridin-2-yl]carbonyl}-5-(4,5,6-trimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole; 2-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-{[5-methoxy-3-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)pyridin-2-yl]carbonyl}octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole; 2-{[5-Methoxy-3-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)pyridin-2-yl]carbonyl}-5-(4,5,6-trimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole; 2-{[4-(Difluoromethoxy)-2-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}-5-(4,6-dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole; 6,7-Difluoro-2-[5-{[3-fluoro-2-(1,3-thiazol-5-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl]quinoxaline; 6,7-Difluoro-2-[5-{[3-fluoro-2-(1,3-thiazol-4-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl]quinoxaline; 4-{[5-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl]carbonyl}-3-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenol; 2-(2,3-Dihydro-1-benzofuran-7-ylcarbonyl)-5-(4,6-dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole; 5-{[5-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl]carbonyl}-6-methylimidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazole; 2-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-{[2-fluoro-6-(1,3-thiazol-2-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole; 2-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-{[2-fluoro-6-(5-methyl-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole; 2-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-({2-fluoro-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-5-yl]phenyl}carbonyl)octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole; 2-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-{[2-fluoro-6-(2-methoxy-1,3-thiazol-5-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole; 4-(2-{[5-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl]carbonyl}-3-fluorophenyl)furan-2(5H)-one; 2-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-{[2-fluoro-6-(4-methoxypyrimidin-2-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole; 2-{[2-(5-Chloropyridin-2-yl)-6-fluorophenyl]carbonyl}-5-(4,6-dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole; 2-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-({2-fluoro-6-[2-(methylsulfanyl)pyrimidin-4-yl]phenyl}carbonyl)octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole; 2-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-{[2-fluoro-6-(1,3-thiazol-4-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole; 2-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-{[2-fluoro-6-(1,3-thiazol-5-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole; and 2-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-{[5-fluoro-2-(1,3-thiazol-4-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole; or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
 4. A chemical entity defined in claim 1, wherein the chemical entity is: 2-[5-{[2-Fluoro-6-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl]-4,6-dimethylpyrimidin-5-ol; or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
 5. A pharmaceutical composition comprising an effective amount of a chemical entity and at least one pharmaceutically acceptable excipient, wherein the chemical entity is selected from a group consisting of: 2-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-{[3-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]carbonyl}octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole; 2-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-[(3-ethoxy-6-methylpyridin-2-yl)carbonyl]octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole; 2-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-[(2-ethoxypyridin-3-yl)carbonyl]octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole; 6-[5-{[3-Fluoro-2-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl]-N,N,2-trimethylpyrimidin-4-amine; 6-[5-{[4-Fluoro-2-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl]-N,N,2-trimethylpyrimidin-4-amine; 6-[5-{[2-Fluoro-6-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl]-N,N,2-trimethylpyrimidin-4-amine; 2-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-[(6-methyl-3-propoxypyridin-2-yl)carbonyl]octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole; 6-{5-[(3-Ethoxy-6-methylpyridin-2-yl)carbonyl]hexahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl}-N,N,2-trimethylpyrimidin-4-amine; 2-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-[(6-methyl-3-pyrimidin-2-ylpyridin-2-yl)carbonyl]octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole; 2-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-{[6-methyl-3-(5-methyl-1,3-oxazol-2-yl)pyridin-2-yl]carbonyl}octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole; 6-[5-{[5-Methoxy-2-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl]-N,N,2-trimethylpyrimidin-4-amine; N,N,2-Trimethyl-6-{5-[(6-methyl-3-propoxypyridin-2-yl)carbonyl]hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl}pyrimidin-4-amine; 6-{5-[(5-Fluoro-2-pyrimidin-2-ylphenyl)carbonyl]hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl}-N,N,2-trimethylpyrimidin-4-amine; 6-{5-[(2-Fluoro-6-pyrimidin-2-ylphenyl)carbonyl]hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl}-N,N,2-trimethylpyrimidin-4-amine; 6-{5-[(3-Fluoro-2-pyrimidin-2-ylphenyl)carbonyl]hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl}-N,N,2-trimethylpyrimidin-4-amine; N,N,2-Trimethyl-6-{5-[(6-methyl-3-pyrimidin-2-ylpyridin-2-yl)carbonyl]hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl}pyrimidin-4-amine; N,N,2-Trimethyl-6-[5-{[6-methyl-3-(5-methyl-1,3-oxazol-2-yl)pyridin-2-yl]carbonyl}hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl]pyrimidin-4-amine; N,N,2-Trimethyl-6-{5-[(5-methyl-2-propoxyphenyl)carbonyl]hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl}pyrimidin-4-amine; 2-{4,6-Bis[(2H3)methyl](2H)pyrimidin-2-yl}-5-[(3-fluoro-2-pyrimidin-2-ylphenyl)carbonyl]octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole; 2-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-{[3-fluoro-2-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole; {2-[5-{[2-Fluoro-6-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl]-6-methylpyrimidin-4-yl}methanol; 2-{[2-(1-Benzyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}-5-(4,6-dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole; {2-[5-{[4-Methoxy-2-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl]-6-methylpyrimidin-4-yl}methanol; {2-[5-{[3-Fluoro-2-(3-methyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl]-6-methylpyrimidin-4-yl}methanol; 2-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-{[2-fluoro-6-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole; 2-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-{[6-methyl-3-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)pyridin-2-yl]carbonyl}octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole; 2-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-{[6-methyl-3-(1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)pyridin-2-yl]carbonyl}octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole; 2-{[3-Fluoro-2-(3-methyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}-5-(5-fluoro-4-methylpyrimidin-2-yl)octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole; 2-{[5-Chloro-3-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)pyridin-2-yl]carbonyl}-5-(4,6-dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole; 2-{[5-Chloro-3-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)pyridin-2-yl]carbonyl}-5-(4,5,6-trimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole; 2-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-{[5-methoxy-3-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)pyridin-2-yl]carbonyl}octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole; 2-{[5-Methoxy-3-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)pyridin-2-yl]carbonyl}-5-(4,5,6-trimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole; 2-[(6-Methyl-3-pyrimidin-2-ylpyridin-2-yl)carbonyl]-5-(4,5,6-trimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole; 2-{[4-(Difluoromethoxy)-2-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}-5-(4,6-dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole; 2-{5-[(2-Ethoxypyridin-3-yl)carbonyl]hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl}-6,7-difluoroquinoxaline; 2-{5-[(2-Ethoxypyridin-3-yl)carbonyl]hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl}-6-fluoroquinazoline; 6,7-Difluoro-2-{5-[(3-fluoro-2-iodophenyl)carbonyl]hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl}quinoxaline; 6,7-Difluoro-2-[5-{[3-fluoro-2-(3-fluoropyridin-2-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl]quinoxaline; 6,7-Difluoro-2-[5-{[3-fluoro-2-(1,3-oxazol-2-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl]quinoxaline; 6,7-Difluoro-2-{5-[(3-fluoro-2-pyridin-2-ylphenyl)carbonyl]hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl}quinoxaline; 6,7-Difluoro-2-[5-{[3-fluoro-2-(3-methoxypyridin-2-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl]quinoxaline; 6,7-Difluoro-2-[5-{[3-fluoro-2-(1,3-thiazol-5-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl]quinoxaline; 6,7-Difluoro-2-[5-{[3-fluoro-2-(1,3-thiazol-4-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl]quinoxaline; 6,7-Difluoro-2-[5-{[3-fluoro-2-(4-fluoro-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl]quinoxaline; 6,7-Difluoro-2-{5-[(4-fluoro-2-pyrimidin-2-ylphenyl)carbonyl]hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl}quinoxaline; 6,7-Difluoro-2-{5-[(3-methyl-2-pyrimidin-2-ylphenyl)carbonyl]hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl}quinoxaline; 6,7-Difluoro-2-{5-[(4-methoxy-2-pyrimidin-2-ylphenyl)carbonyl]hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl}quinoxaline; 6,7-Difluoro-2-[5-{[3-methyl-2-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl]quinoxaline; 6,7-Difluoro-2-{5-[(4-fluoro-2-iodophenyl)carbonyl]hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl}quinoxaline; 4-{[5-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl]carbonyl}-3-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenol; 2-(2,3-Dihydro-1-benzofuran-7-ylcarbonyl)-5-(4,6-dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole; 5-{[5-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl]carbonyl}-6-methylimidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazole; 2-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-{[2-methoxy-6-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole; 4-{[5-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl]carbonyl}-3-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenol; (5-(4,6-dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl)(3-fluoro-2-(pyridin-2-yl)phenyl)methanone; 2-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-{[4-fluoro-2-(4-fluoro-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole; 2-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-{[3-fluoro-2-(4-fluoro-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole; 2-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-{[2-fluoro-6-(4-fluoro-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole; 2-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-{[2-fluoro-6-(1,3-thiazol-2-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole; 2-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-{[2-fluoro-6-(5-methyl-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole; 2-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-({2-fluoro-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-5-yl]phenyl}carbonyl)octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole; 2-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-{[2-fluoro-6-(2-methoxy-1,3-thiazol-5-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole; 4-(2-{[5-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl]carbonyl}-3-fluorophenyl)furan-2(5H)-one; 2-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-{[2-fluoro-6-(3-fluoropyridin-2-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole; 2-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-{[2-fluoro-6-(1-methyl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole; 2-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-{[2-fluoro-6-(4-methoxypyrimidin-2-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole; 2-{[2-(5-Chloropyridin-2-yl)-6-fluorophenyl]carbonyl}-5-(4,6-dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole; 2-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-({2-fluoro-6-[2-(methylsulfanyl)pyrimidin-4-yl]phenyl}carbonyl)octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole; 2-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-{[2-fluoro-6-(1,3-thiazol-4-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole; 2-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-{[2-fluoro-6-(1,3-thiazol-5-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole; 2-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-[(2-fluoro-6-pyridazin-4-ylphenyl)carbonyl]octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole; 2-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-{[2-fluoro-6-(4-methylpyridin-2-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole; 2-{[2-(3,5-Difluoropyridin-2-yl)-4fluorophenyl]carbonyl}-5-(4,6-dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole; 2-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-{[5-fluoro-2-(1-methyl-1H-pyrrol-2-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole; 2-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-{[5-fluoro-2-(1,3-thiazol-4-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole; tert-Butyl-5-{[3-fluoro-2-(1,3-oxazol-2-yl)phenyl]-carbonyl}hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole-2(1H)-carboxylate; 2-(5-Fluoro-4-methylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-{[3-fluoro-2-(1,3-oxazol-2-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole; 2-{[2-Fluoro-6-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}-5-(5-methoxy-4,6-dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole; and 2-[5-{[2-Fluoro-6-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl]-4,6-dimethylpyrimidin-5-ol; or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
 6. A pharmaceutical composition of claim 5, wherein the chemical entity is selected from the group consisting of: 2-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-{[3-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]carbonyl}octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole; 2-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-[(3-ethoxy-6-methylpyridin-2-yl)carbonyl]octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole; 2-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-[(2-ethoxypyridin-3-yl)carbonyl]octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole; 6-[5-{[3-Fluoro-2-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl]-N,N,2-trimethylpyrimidin-4-amine; 6-[5-{[4-Fluoro-2-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl]-N,N,2-trimethylpyrimidin-4-amine; 6-[5-{[2-Fluoro-6-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl]-N,N,2-trimethylpyrimidin-4-amine; 2-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-[(6-methyl-3-propoxypyridin-2-yl)carbonyl]octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole; 6-{5-[(3-Ethoxy-6-methylpyridin-2-yl)carbonyl]hexahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl}-N,N,2-trimethylpyrimidin-4-amine; 2-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-[(6-methyl-3-pyrimidin-2-ylpyridin-2-yl)carbonyl]octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole; 6-[5-{[5-Methoxy-2-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl]-N,N,2-trimethylpyrimidin-4-amine; N,N,2-Trimethyl-6-{5-[(6-methyl-3-propoxypyridin-2-yl)carbonyl]hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl}pyrimidin-4-amine; 6-{5-[(5-Fluoro-2-pyrimidin-2-ylphenyl)carbonyl]hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl}-N,N,2-trimethylpyrimidin-4-amine; 6-{5-[(2-Fluoro-6-pyrimidin-2-ylphenyl)carbonyl]hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl}-N,N,2-trimethylpyrimidin-4-amine; 6-{5-[(3-Fluoro-2-pyrimidin-2-ylphenyl)carbonyl]hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl}-N,N,2-trimethylpyrimidin-4-amine; N,N,2-Trimethyl-6-{5-[(6-methyl-3-pyrimidin-2-ylpyridin-2-yl)carbonyl]hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl}pyrimidin-4-amine; N,N,2-Trimethyl-6-{5-[(5-methyl-2-propoxyphenyl)carbonyl]hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl}pyrimidin-4-amine; 2-{4,6-Bis[(2H3)methyl](2H)pyrimidin-2-yl}-5-[(3-fluoro-2-pyrimidin-2-ylphenyl)carbonyl]octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole; 2-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-{[3-fluoro-2-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole; {2-[5-{[2-Fluoro-6-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl]-6-methylpyrimidin-4-yl}methanol; {2-[5-{[4-Methoxy-2-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl]-6-methylpyrimidin-4-yl}methanol; {2-[5-{[3-Fluoro-2-(3-methyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl]-6-methylpyrimidin-4-yl}methanol; 2-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-{[2-fluoro-6-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole; 2-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-{[6-methyl-3-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)pyridin-2-yl]carbonyl}octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole; 2-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-{[6-methyl-3-(1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)pyridin-2-yl]carbonyl}octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole; 2-{[3-Fluoro-2-(3-methyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}-5-(5-fluoro-4-methylpyrimidin-2-yl)octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole; 2-[(6-Methyl-3-pyrimidin-2-ylpyridin-2-yl)carbonyl]-5-(4,5,6-trimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole; 2-{5-[(2-Ethoxypyridin-3-yl)carbonyl]hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl}-6,7-difluoroquinoxaline; 2-{5-[(2-Ethoxypyridin-3-yl)carbonyl]hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl}-6-fluoroquinazoline; 6,7-Difluoro-2-{5-[(3-fluoro-2-iodophenyl)carbonyl]hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl}quinoxaline; 6,7-Difluoro-2-[5-{[3-fluoro-2-(3-fluoropyridin-2-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl]quinoxaline; 6,7-Difluoro-2-[5-{[3-fluoro-2-(1,3-oxazol-2-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl]quinoxaline; 6,7-Difluoro-2-{5-[(3-fluoro-2-pyridin-2-ylphenyl)carbonyl]hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl}quinoxaline; 6,7-Difluoro-2-[5-{[3-fluoro-2-(3-methoxypyridin-2-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl]quinoxaline; 6,7-Difluoro-2-[5-{[3-fluoro-2-(4-fluoro-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl]quinoxaline; 6,7-Difluoro-2-{5-[(4-fluoro-2-pyrimidin-2-ylphenyl)carbonyl]hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl}quinoxaline; 6,7-Difluoro-2-{5-[(3-methyl-2-pyrimidin-2-ylphenyl)carbonyl]hexahydropyrrolo[34-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl}quinoxaline; 6,7-Difluoro-2-{5-[(4-methoxy-2-pyrimidin-2-ylphenyl)carbonyl]hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl}quinoxaline; 6,7-Difluoro-2-[5-{[3-methyl-2-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl]quinoxaline; 6,7-Difluoro-2-{5-[(4-fluoro-2-iodophenyl)carbonyl]hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl}quinoxaline; 2-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-{[2-methoxy-6-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole; 4-{[5-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl]carbonyl}-3-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenol; (5-(4,6-dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl)(3-fluoro-2-(pyridin-2-yl)phenyl)methanone; 2-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-{[4-fluoro-2-(4-fluoro-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole; 2-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-{[3-fluoro-2-(4-fluoro-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole; 2-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-{[2-fluoro-6-(4-fluoro-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole; 2-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-{[2-fluoro-6-(3-fluoropyridin-2-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole; 2-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-{[2-fluoro-6-(1-methyl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole; 2-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-[(2-fluoro-6-pyridazin-4-ylphenyl)carbonyl]octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole; 2-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-{[2-fluoro-6-(4-methylpyridin-2-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole; 2-{[2-(3,5-Difluoropyridin-2-yl)-4fluorophenyl]carbonyl}-5-(4,6-dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole; 2-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-{[5-fluoro-2-(1-methyl-1H-pyrrol-2-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole; 2-(5-Fluoro-4-methylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-{[3-fluoro-2-(1,3-oxazol-2-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole; 2-{[2-Fluoro-6-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}-5-(5-methoxy-4,6-dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole; and 2-[5-{[2-Fluoro-6-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl]-4,6-dimethylpyrimidin-5-ol; or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
 7. A pharmaceutical composition of claim 5, wherein the chemical entity is selected from the group consisting of: 2-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-{[6-methyl-3-(5-methyl-1,3-oxazol-2-yl)pyridin-2-yl]carbonyl}octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole; N,N,2-Trimethyl-6-[5-{[6-methyl-3-(5-methyl-1,3-oxazol-2-yl)pyridin-2-yl]carbonyl}hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl]pyrimidin-4-amine; 2-{[2-(1-Benzyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}-5-(4,6-dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole; 2-{[5-Chloro-3-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)pyridin-2-yl]carbonyl}-5-(4,6-dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole; 2-{[5-Chloro-3-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)pyridin-2-yl]carbonyl}-5-(4,5,6-trimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole; 2-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-{[5-methoxy-3-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)pyridin-2-yl]carbonyl}octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole; 2-{[5-Methoxy-3-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)pyridin-2-yl]carbonyl}-5-(4,5,6-trimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole; 2-{[4-(Difluoromethoxy)-2-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}-5-(4,6-dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole; 6,7-Difluoro-2-[5-{[3-fluoro-2-(1,3-thiazol-5-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl]quinoxaline; 6,7-Difluoro-2-[5-{[3-fluoro-2-(1,3-thiazol-4-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl]quinoxaline; 4-{[5-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl]carbonyl}-3-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenol; 2-(2,3-Dihydro-1-benzofuran-7-ylcarbonyl)-5-(4,6-dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole; 5-{[5-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl]carbonyl}-6-methylimidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazole; 2-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-{[2-fluoro-6-(1,3-thiazol-2-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole; 2-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-{[2-fluoro-6-(5-methyl-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole; 2-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-({2-fluoro-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-5-yl]phenyl}carbonyl)octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole; 2-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-{[2-fluoro-6-(2-methoxy-1,3-thiazol-5-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole; 4-(2-{[5-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl]carbonyl}-3-fluorophenyl)furan-2(5H)-one; 2-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-{[2-fluoro-6-(4-methoxypyrimidin-2-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole; 2-{[2-(5-Chloropyridin-2-yl)-6-fluorophenyl]carbonyl}-5-(4,6-dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole; 2-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-({2-fluoro-6-[2-(methylsulfanyl)pyrimidin-4-yl]phenyl}carbonyl)octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole; 2-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-{[2-fluoro-6-(1,3-thiazol-4-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole; 2-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-{[2-fluoro-6-(1,3-thiazol-5-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole; and 2-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-{[5-fluoro-2-(1,3-thiazol-4-yl)phenyl]carbonyl}octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole; or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
 8. A method for treating a disease, disorder, or medical condition selected from the group consisting of sleep-wake transition disorders, insomnia, restless legs syndrome, jet-lag, disturbed sleep, and sleep disorders secondary to neurological disorders, wherein said neurological disorders are selected from the group consisting of mania, depression, manic depression, schizophrenia, fibromyalgia, neuropathic pain, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Tourette's syndrome, anxiety, and dementias, said method comprising administering to a subject in need thereof an effective amount of a compound of claim
 1. 9. A method according to claim 8, wherein the disease, disorder, or medical condition is insomnia.
 10. A chemical entity selected from the group consisting of: (5-(4,6-dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl)(4-methoxy-2-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl)methanone hydrate; (5-(4,6-dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl)(4-methoxy-2-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl)methanone hydrochloride hydrate; and (5-(4,6-dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl)(4-methoxy-2-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl)methanone hydrobromide hydrate.
 11. A pharmaceutical composition comprising an effective amount of a chemical entity and at least one pharmaceutically acceptable excipient, wherein said chemical entity is selected from the group consisting of: (5-(4,6-dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl)(4-methoxy-2-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl)methanone hydrate; (5-(4,6-dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl)(4-methoxy-2-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl)methanone hydrochloride hydrate; and (5-(4,6-dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl)(4-methoxy-2-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl)methanone hydrobromide hydrate.
 12. The method of claim 8, wherein said disease, disorder, or medical condition is a sleep disorder secondary to depression.
 13. The method of claim 8, wherein said disease, disorder, or medical condition is a sleep disorder secondary to dementia.
 14. The method of claim 8, wherein said disease, disorder, or medical condition is a sleep disorder secondary to Alzheimer's disease. 